web augmentation of language models

... Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the ACL, pages 157–165, Athens, Greece, 30 March – 3 April 2009. c 2009 Association for Computational Linguistics Web augmentation of language ... system consists of acoustic models of speech sounds and of a statistical language model (LM). The LM learns the probabilities of word sequences from text corpora available for training. The perfor- mance of ... are produced by the adaptation of the web mixture models. The benefit of using mes- sage adaptation instead of simple unigram adapta- tion is smaller when we have a web mixture model as a baseline...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... of a variety of language models trained from text or speech corpora of vari- ous genres and sizes. The largest available language models are based on written text: we investigate the effect of ... text language models as opposed to language models based on speech transcripts. Sec- ond, we develop a new set of reranker features ex- plicitly designed to capture important properties of speech ... set of reranker features, which consisted of features for all of the language models plus the extended (i.e., indicator) features, and used this model to analyse the test data. The f- score of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... k train (w) denote the number of occurrences of w in the training corpus, and k test (w) denote the number of occurrences of w in the test corpus. We define the empirical discount of w to be d(w) = k train (w) ... Estimating Probabilities of English Bigrams. Computer Speech & Language, 5(1):19–54. Joshua Goodman. 2001. A Bit of Progress in Language Modeling. Computer Speech & Language, 15(4):403– 434. Bo-June ... Computational Linguistics An Empirical Investigation of Discounting in Cross-Domain Language Models Greg Durrett and Dan Klein Computer Science Division University of California, Berkeley {gdurrett,klein}@cs.berkeley.edu Abstract We...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... intersection of two matricible languages is again a matricible language. Proof. This is a direct consequence of the con- siderations in Section 6 together with the observa- tion, that the new set of acceptance ... (non-context-free) language {a m b m c m | m > 0}. The following properties of matrix grammars and matricible language are straightforward. Proposition 2 All languages characterized by a set of linear ... underlying word space models; e.g., the models of Widdows (2008) and Giesbrecht (2009) feature dimensionality reduction while that of Mitchell and Lapata (2008) does not. In the light of these findings,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... Linguistics The use of formal language models in the typology of the morphology of Amerindian languages Andr ´ es Osvaldo Porta Universidad de Buenos Aires hugporta@yahoo.com.ar Abstract The aim of this ... some preliminary results of an investigation in course on the typology of the morphol- ogy of the native South American lan- guages from the point of view of the for- mal language theory. With this ... examples of de- scriptions of two Aboriginal languages fi- nite verb forms morphology: Argentinean Quechua (quichua santiague˜no) and Toba. The description of the morphology of the finite verb forms of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... national language policy currently in place in Botswana, is that Setswana is the national language of the country (Republic of Botswana 1985:8). So, despite the existence of other local languages, ... parts of the world, education is for the most part the preserve of the few (elites). The choice of which language or dialect to use to teach (medium of instruction) reflects the interests of those ... second and even third languages are added to the learners’ repertoire of language systems whilst sustaining the primary language through the schooling process instead of subtractive bilingualism...

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2012, 16:27

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2013, 01:26

Ngày tải lên: 19/08/2013, 23:10

... location of the Web service, via the <soap:address> element. CHAPTER 2 ■ THE WEB SERVICES DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE2 2 701xCH02.qxd 7/14/06 4:55 PM Page 22 • Solicit/Response: This is the reverse of ... individual pieces of the Web service oper- ations and its message types. The <portType> element avoids many of these lower-level details and instead provides a high-level summary of the operations ... output, and fault messages) that the Web service provides. The <portType> element provides a single location for a client to browse the offerings of a particular Web service. The four elements...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2013, 08:51

... 4.3: Value of Information Models Exercise 1: Identifying the Value of Information Models ! Identify the value of information models 1. Think of how you have used information models in ... that informational modeling provides to the design process and specifically to the analysis step of conceptual design. The instructor will write your answers on a flip chart. ...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 16:16

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 10:03

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 10:12