unsupervised language models to the rescue

... to locating the proper nouns in the corpus, LEX also concatenates each multi-token proper noun (e.g.,Los Angeles) together into a single token. Both of REALM’s components construct language models ... large language model accurately, because the number of modeling param- eters is proportional to the vocabulary size raised to the nth power. To mitigate sparsity, REALM utilizes smaller language models ... research to compare them, as described be- low. To assess each extraction, we determine how sim- ilar its context vector is to a canonical seed vec- tor (created by summing the context vectors of the seeds)....

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20

... server, ” visiting them a few times After the fi nancial report is fi nally generated by the Application server, the Web server processes the data to send them back over the network to a user Transaction ... are one of them). The theory has more than 100 years of history, start- ing from the paper by Danish engineer A.K. Erlang published in 1909; over the decades, the theory evolved into a rich discipline ... bottlenecks on a toll plaza, the fi rst thing they will do is to analyze the traffi c pattern and measure its specifi cations. Engineers will provide recommenda- tions on the number of additional tollbooths...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 19:20

... (Antworth, 1990) 3 The Toba morphology The Toba language belongs, with the languages pilaga, mocovi and kaduveo, to the guaycuru language family (Messineo, 2003; Klein, 1978). The toba is spoken in the Gran ... and after the mark of negation sa- . Therefore, their agglutination is reserved to the last transitions. The resulting two-typed automata showed in Figure 2 also takes into account the rel- ative ... lan- guage. On the other hand, the criteria of classi- fication of Amerindian languages, do not involve complexity criteria. In order to establish crite- ria that take into account the complexity of the description...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

... CHECK Stop the activity and choose a random pair. Ask them to repeat the activity. Do the same with two other pairs. If the students know the teacher is going to check after the activity, they ... Brainstorm around a Topic The teacher asks students to suggest words associated with a topic. The teacher writes the topic in the middle of the board and as students call out words, s/he writes their ... know how to apply the communicative approach to their teaching. The rest still reveal their limitations in language knowledge and are not used to applying the communicative approach to their teaching....

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:41

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:41

... I would like to express my deep gratitude to all my teachers at College of Foreign Languages, Vietnam National University-Hanoi for their valuable lectures. And their knowledge, their thoughtfulness ... correction. I would like to acknowledge my debt to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lê Hùng Tiến and the staff members of Postgraduate Department, College of Foreign Languages, VNU-Hanoi for their enthusiastic support. I ... helped me during the period of my study at College of Foreign Languages, VNU-Hanoi. Finally, I wish to thank my wife for the love she gives me and her encouragement in my doing this thesis. Hanoi,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:41

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:06

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:45

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:51

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 10:03

Ngày tải lên: 27/12/2013, 20:41

... all of the language models plus the extended (i.e., indicator) features, and used this model to analyse the test data. The f- score of this model on test data was 0.838. In this table, the set ... part of the language model training data. We solve this by dividing the Switch- board training data into 20 folds. For each fold we use the 19 other folds to construct a language model and then ... producing the 25-best list for the reranker. The log figure of merit is the sum of the log language model probability and the log channel model probability plus 1.5 times the number of edits in the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... automatically an- alyzing textual reports of events and synthesizing event data elements from the reports for automated in- put to a data base. The long-term goal of the work described is to ... optionally, other related events). Both the semantics and the syntax of these event de- scriptions are constrained by two factors. One, by the particular subject domain, and two, by the fact that the ... fillers for the descriptor slots of the temp]ate in question, and a third argument which re- presents the output of the procedure, i.e., the in- stantiated slots. The body of the "construct"...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... translation hypotheses before LM querying 8 . The order of the additional LM is set to 10 in the Arabic-English evaluation and 7 in the English-French, as these appeared to be the best settings ... bidirectional model. The distortion limit is set to the default value of 6. Note that the use of large n-gram LMs and of lexicalized reordering models was shown to wipe out the im- provement achievable ... words. In the former, we preserve in- flected variants that may be useful to model the language style, but we also risk to see n-gram cov- erage decrease due to the presence of rare types. In the latter,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... problem by leaving the decision to the original designer of the data structures that serve as the templates to the generator; this places the burden on that designer to correctly anticipate ... would be the same, as is the case in the above example. What is needed, perhaps, is to give Chain the ability to look at the structure of the evolving r-spec and to notice when there is an ... spatially close to each other or are in certain other strong relationships to each other. The paragraph in Figure I contains a good example of this style the rhetorical skeleton is: This is...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21

... speakers of all the language communities) to understand the environment, to act on the others in it, and also to interpret the relevance of the first two purposes interims of the topics under ... 80, showing the problems of theme selection (including kinds of predicator theme, adjunct theme, subject theme, non - wh theme, wh. theme, etc); theme more clearly expressed in the use of ... entitled thematic interpretation of a text, pp. 100-4), also after the treatment of the thematic structure (theme + rheme) and the information structure (given + new). The basis unit of language, ...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 11:20

... should not be allowed to flow to high-integrity objects – High-integrity is placed at the top of the lattice and low integrity at the bottom. Information flows from top to bottom (opposite direction ... authority! Multilevel Security Models Multilevel Security Models  We want models that represent a range of sensitivities and that separate subjects from the objects they should not have access to.  The military ... uses the access matrix – This enforcement mechanism is the reference monitor. – Some operations allow for modification of the matrix (e.g. owner might be allowed to grant permission to another...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 16:20