basic body structure and function

... the role of body size in marine and freshwater ecosystems James H Brown, Andrew P Allen and James F Gillooly Body size and suspension feeding Stuart Humphries 16 Life histories and body size 10 ... and body size 10 David Atkinson and Andrew G Hirst Relationship between biomass turnover and body size for stream communities Alexander D Huryn and Arthur C Benke Body size in streams: macroinvertebrate ... Warren Body size and trophic cascades in lakes J Iwan Jones and Erik Jeppesen Body size and scale invariance: multifractals in invertebrate communities Peter E Schmid and Jenny M Schmid-Araya Body...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 19:20

... focus primarily on the actual chromatin structure of active genes, with regard to nucleosomal organization and higher order structure, and the chromatin structure changes that occur during locus ... flanking the 5¢ and 3¢ ends of the ovomucoid gene and the ovalbumin and its related X and Y genes in hen oviduct nuclei Biochemistry 19, 4403–4441 Wood WI & Felsenfeld G (1982) Chromatin structure ... Chromatin structure of transcriptionally competent and repressed genes EMBO J 9, 3997–4006 97 Woodcock CL, Skoultchi AI & Fan Y (2006) Role of linker histone in chromatin structure and function: ...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 18:20

... domains of Spir-2 and PTPN13 were generated by RT-PCR and inserted into pEGFP-C1 and pGEX-4T-2 The N- and C-terminal regions of the v-KIND KIND2 and the MAP2 CD were generated by PCR and cloned into ... clarified the structural and functional importance of the v-KIND and MAP2 interaction core modules in the regulation of dendrite growth and branching in hippocampal neurons and cerebellar granule ... polymerization, stability and rearrangement of microtubules in neuronal dendrites [13–15] and is associated with some neurological and psychiatric disorders [16,17] However, the structure function relationship...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... APs References Davies, D.R (1990) The structure and function of the aspartic proteinases Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem 19, 189–215 Dunn, B.M (2002) Structure and mechanism of the pepsin-like family ... many different and diverse functions, including specific protein processing (e.g rennin, cathepsin D and yapsins), protein degradation (e.g gastric enzymes such as chymosin, pepsin and gastricsin) ... atypical and their localizations are unexpected New questions concerning functional significance and specialization of this multigene family of proteases are now starting to be addressed and will...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... investigation and understanding of their structure- activity relationships, may start to provide a rational way to develop additional pharmacological tools for the elucidation of nAChR structure and function ... a5 and/ or b3 subunit [12] The a5 and b3 subunits are very similar in sequence and both appear Neuronal nAChRs are present throughout the central and peripheral nervous system, at both pre- and ... protein has structural and functional homology to the extracellular ligand binding domain of the nAChR, and likewise assembles into pentamers Ó FEBS 2004 unable to form functional channels in...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... Graether and B D Sykes (Eur J Biochem 271) Fig Fish AFP structures and model The structures of the fish AFPs are shown as ribbon diagrams with coil structure shown as yellow, a-helices as red and b-strands ... [31,32,36] and their threedimensional structures were determined [34,37–40] In subsequent sections, we describe the structure and dynamics of each protein, and present a comparison of sbwAFP and TmAFP ... other and with proteins that have a similar fold Structure of sbwAFP and TmAFP The structure of sbwAFP has been determined by X-ray ˚ crystallography to 2.5 A and by NMR at both 30 °C and °C...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... three antiparallel strands (1, and 7) and strand 6, which is parallel to strand b-Strands are located between the four a-helices (a1, 278–294; a2, 305–313; a4, 374–381; and a5, 397–405), with ... elements: b-strands (b3, 329–335; b4, 339–344; and b5, 367–372) and a distorted a-helix (a3, 348–356) (Fig 3B,C) The three b-strands of the minidomain are all antiparallel, and form a single b -structure ... the structure of the protein core (residues 277–328 and 373–413) in solution and in the solid state, and indicates their similarity A superposition of the C-domain NMR structure on the crystal structure...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 11:20

... between strands E and F in transthyretin The two transthyretin dimers associate, via nonpolar interactions, between the loops joining stands G and H with the loops joining strands A and B, making ... between the structures of TLP and transthyretins are found in the loop connecting b-strands B and C, which is highly exposed to the solvent in TLP [17] Interruptions in the b-strands A, G and H are ... S dublin TLP and zebrafish TLP are found in the flexible portions of strands B and C that protrude towards the solvent and in the conformation of the long loop connecting strands D and E [17] Greater...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... antiparallel b-strands is abutted by three a-helices (a1, a2, and a¢) The b-sheet in type I KH domains consists of three b-strands in the order b1, b¢ and b2 The b1-strand and b2-strand are parallel ... Valverde et al Structure and function of KH domains A B C Fig 10 Crystal structure of tandem type II KH domains of NusA in complex with RNA The tandem KH1–KH2 domains of NusA recognize RNA ligand 5¢-GAACUCAAUAG ... the b1-strand and b2-strand are adjacent and parallel to each other, and the b¢-strand is adjacent and antiparallel to the b1-strand (Fig 1) The length and sequence of the variable loop are different...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... Ó FEBS 2002 Structure and function of GlcNAc kinase (Eur J Biochem 269) 4213 Fig De novo and salvage pathway of UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis EXPERIMENTAL ... independent expressions Ó FEBS 2002 Structure and function of GlcNAc kinase (Eur J Biochem 269) 4215 able GlcNAc kinase activities, indicating a successful functional expression However, these ... C131 and C143 Their counterparts in glucokinase are C233 and C252 Mutations of these cysteines to serines have very similar effects on enzyme activity and substrate binding in glucokinase and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... double-stranded DNA λ phage 48,500 Linear double-stranded DNA T7 phage 40,000 Linear double-stranded DNA M13 phage 6,400 Closed-circular single-stranded DNA MS2 phage 3,600 Linear single-stranded ... in a mRNA molecule that is singlestranded RNase P M1 RNA RNA molecules not have a regular structure like DNA hairpin Structures of RNA molecules are complex and unique RNA molecules can base pair ... 6,000,000,000 Linear double-stranded DNA Fruit fly 270,000,000 Linear double-stranded DNA HIV 9,700 Linear single-stranded RNA DNA molecules are packaged in the cell as structures called chromosomes...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 16:42

... larger:   “Frilly” edged…… Long and narrow…  Round cells will always be small Prokaryotic Cell Structure  Prokaryotic Cells are smaller and simpler in structure than eukaryotic cells   ... RER and lipids are made in SER  vesicles containing the proteins and lipids bud off from the ER Endomembrane System  Putting it all together ER vesicles merge with Golgi body  proteins and ... Membrane bound organelles Prokaryotic Cell Structure  Structures       Plasma membrane Cell wall Cytoplasm with ribosomes Nucleoid Capsule* Flagella* and pili* *present in some, but not all...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 19:31

... RER Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features Structure Function( s) Golgi Apparatus Collects, modifies, packages and distributes proteins and lipids from ER Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features Structure ... cell? Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features Structure Function( s) Regulates passage of Plasma materials into and out of cell Membrane Cell-Cell Recognition Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features Structure ... Plasma Membrane Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features Structure Peroxisome Function Removes harmful oxidants from cells Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features Structure Mitochondrion Function Captures...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 19:31

... buffer, pH 7.0, and its UV spectra were recorded between 250 and 190 nm Molecular modelling Structure manipulations and analysis were performed using the PYMOL software [41] Results and Discussion ... system, and by HPLC on a C18 reverse-phase column It was found to be at least 98.4% pure Fig Structure of SDTG (A) and time course of inactivation of recombinant GST I by SDTG at pH 6.5 and 25 ... inactivation of wild-type GST I and mutant Phe51Ala by SDTG Wild-type (r) and mutant Phe51Ala (j) were incubated in the presence of 72.7 and 92 lM SDTG, respectively, at pH 6.5 and 25 °C At the times...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... Education, Science, and Culture of Japan, and a fellowship from Katayama Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd (Osaka) to T.Y Ó FEBS 2004 Effects of DiS-C on mitochondrial structure and function (Eur J Biochem ... found DiS-C3(5) to show multiple effects on the mitochondrial structure and function, effects 11 dependent on both its concentration and the Pi status Acknowledgements This work was supported by ... interpretation, we further characterized the actions of DiS-C3(5) on the mitochondrial structure and function and compared them with those of Ca2+, known as a typical PT inducer Like that of Ca2+,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... C1R (PDB code: 1GPZ [27]) and of the modelled structures of HPT1 and HPT2 HPT1 residue Cys15 and HPT2 residues Cys15 and Cys74 are shown in spacefill representation This and the following figures ... and C1R (A), and between HPT2 and C1R (B) Conserved residues are shaded in grey; Cys residues are highlighted in yellow Above the sequence alignment, red, green and magenta bars indicate a- and ... covering both the HPT1 a- and b-chains) and HPT2 (spanning residues 15–387, covering both HPT2 a- and b-chains) variants The homology is widespread along all the sequences, and almost all the Cys...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 06:20

... in Table 1, C or I, and, to some extent, also I* and C* The lower stability of Hc from nonpeneid Crustacea yields a structure where divalent ions (such as Ca2+ and Mg2+) and pH regulate the oligomerization ... Beltramini et al P monodon hemocyanin structure and function equilibrium constant, lo, describes the ratio of conformations r and t in the absence of ligand: lo ¼ ½t0 Š ½r0 Š Three-state MWC ... 2060–2075 ª 2005 FEBS P monodon hemocyanin structure and function 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 oxygen binding and interactions with l-lactate, calcium, and protons Biochemistry 27, 1995–2001...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... diabetic human placenta and then to purify and examine kinetic properties The fresh placenta was obtained and the tissues were cooled, washed and perfused and weighed, then minced and suspended in three ... specific functions related to virulence and calcium binding We have collected several NMR data sets in order to study the secondary and tertiary structure of CBP Importantly, we will present the structure ... specific ligands Most of these transcription regulators bind cognate DNA in the presence or absence of ligand, typically repressing in the absence of ligand and activating when ligand has bound...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20

... were used The expression of PDGF-R and c-Kit, their ligands, MMP-9 and signal transduction pathways PI3/Akt and MAPK were studied by RT-PCT and western blotting and immunocytochemistry The three ... surface decreased, and cells tendency to form gland and intercellular conjunction structures also be showed, and cellular apparatus were abundant in plasma maturely, nuclei, endoreclure and mitochondria ... long-term ligand storage, O2/NO chemistry, and O2 delivery under hypoxic conditions Its tertiary structure is based on a 2-on-2 a helical sandwich rather than the 3-on-3 a helical sandwich of the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20

... form and function of novel complexes such as HAMLET and ELOA, we have provided new evidence that a loss of native structure can endow proteins and their complexes with distinct and beneficial functions ... ago and since then the HAMLET field has widened in scope, acquiring new members and enriching our understanding of the basic principles underlying protein self-assembly and acquisition of new functionality ... successfully target and kill tumor cells in humans and animals In view of this extensive documentation, we propose that it would be useful if HAMLET were used Structure and function of HAMLET-type...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 21:20