a link restoration algorithm with high aggregation and no reservation

... Design aspects of optical communication networks Kanna Potharlanka, Toshit Antani, Byrav Ramamurthy, Laxman Sahasrabuddhe, and Biswanath Mukherjee Chapter Evolution to an optical broadband services ... Chava Vijaya Saradhi and C Siva Ram Murthy Chapter 17 Restoration in optical WDM mesh networks Shirshanka Das and Mario Gerla Chapter 18 Shared alternate-path protection with multiple criteria ... Engineering Handbook, Ferial El-Hawary The RF and Microwave Handbook, Mike Golio The Technology Management Handbook, Richard C Dorf The Transforms and Applications Handbook, Second Edition, Alexander...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 17:52

... interfaces are supported, including double data rate (DDR) SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM, RLDRAM II, quad data rate (QDR) II SRAM, and single data rate (SDR) SDRAM Stratix II devices support various I/O standards ... Programmable Gate Arrays are called this because rather than having a structure similar to a PAL (Programmable Array Logic) or other programmable device, they are structured very much like a gate array ... serial signal and recovers the high speed serial clock and data The serial data is converted back into 10-bit parallel data, recognizing the 8B/10B comma character to establish byte alignment CHAPTER...

Ngày tải lên: 22/11/2015, 23:35

... and Vendors Monique Morrow and Kateel Vijayananda Telecommunications Law in the Internet Age Sharon K Black Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective, 3e Rajiv Ramaswami, Kumar N Sivarajan, and ... Jean Walrand and Pravin Varaiya Internetworking Multimedia Jon Crowcroft, Mark Handley, and Ian Wakeman Understanding Networked Applications: A First Course David G Messerschmitt Integrated Management ... Networks: An Information Processing Approach Feng Zhao and Leonidas Guibas Communication Networking: An Analytical Approach Anurag Kumar, D Manjunath, and Joy Kuri The Internet and Its Protocols: A Comparative...

Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2014, 12:45

... fully tunable with serial architecture, 417, 418 illustrated, 418 partially tunable with parallel architecture, 417, 418 partially tunable with serial architecture, 417, 418 types of, 417 See also ... protocol, 392 intradomain routing protocol, 391 Rowland circle, 142, 228 safety, 526-530, 531 Class I standard, 527, 530 Class IIIa standard, 527 Class IIIb standard, 527 823 maximum power, 527 ... 161 variable optical attenuator (VOA), 213 Vernier effect, 231 vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), 173-174 advantages, 173 drawbacks, 173 tunable, 180-181 two-dimensional array,...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... see that Ramaswami and Sivarajan have reorganized and updated their outstanding 1998 traversal of this fascinating and important field and have done so in a way that accurately portrays what is ... Programming, and Applications Ralph Wittmann and Martina Zitterbart MPLS: Technology and Applications Bruce Davie and Yakov Rekhter High- Performance Communication Networks, 2e Jean Walrand and Pravin ... products are often claimed as trademarks or registered trademarks In all instances in which Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or all capital...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... thousands of gigabits of capacity yet so small as to be almost invisible, transmitters no larger than a grain of salt, amplifiers that amplify vast chunks of bandwidth purely as light, transmission ... that result have not proved adequate to keep up with the demand The inborn human voracity for more and more bandwidth, plus the growing realization that there are other flexibilities to be had ... demand is here and so are the solutions This book describes a revolution within a revolution, the opening up of the capacity of the now-familiar optical fiber to carry more messages, handle a...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... chapters, added a large amount of new material, and removed some material that is not as relevant to practical optical networks We have also updated the references and added some new problems The major ... Walter Johnstone, Alan Repech, George Stewart, Suresh Subramaniam, Eric Verillow, and Martin Zirngibl In addition, we would like to acknowledge Bijan Raahemi, Jim Refi, Krishna Thyagarajan, and ... standards We have also added another appendix listing the acronyms used in the book and moved some of the more advanced material on pulse propagation into an appendix While we have mostly added...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... not share any links in the network and can therefore be set up using the same wavelength )~1 At the same time, the lightpath between A and F shares a link with the lightpath between B and C and ... electronics at a node must handle not only all the data intended for that node but also all the data that is being passed through that node on to other nodes in the network If the latter data could ... take in N data streams, each of B b/s, and multiplex them into a single fiber with a total aggregate rate of NB b/s high- speed streams are transmitted over a fiber As we will see in Chapters and...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... specified, and the service may accept data at any bit rate and any protocol format within these limits It may also be able to carry analog data Transparency in the network provides several advantages An ... support analog as well as digital signals at arbitrary bit rates 1.5 Transparency and All-Optical Networks 25 The other extreme is to build a network that handles essentially a single bit rate and ... types of transparency in an optical network Transparency type Parameter Fully transparent Practical Nontransparent Analog/digital Bit rate Framing protocol Both Arbitrary Arbitrary Digital Predetermined...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... thousand 1.8 39 Network Evolution Table 1.2 Different wavelength bands in optical fiber The ranges are approximate and have not yet been standardized Band Descriptor Wavelength range (nm) O-band ... transmission has been all about how to transmit data at the highest capacity over the longest possible distance and is remarkable for its rapid progress What is equally remarkable is the fact that researchers ... capable of amplifying signals at many wavelengths simultaneously This provided another way of increasing the system capacity: rather than increasing the bit rate, keep the bit rate the same and...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... [HSS98] A. M Hill, A A M Saleh, and K Sato, editors IEEE JSAC" Special Issue on High- Capacity Optical Transport Networks, volume 16, Sept 1998 [Ish83] H Ishio Japanese field trials and applications ... frontiers has focused on (1) transmitting terabits-per-second aggregate traffic across transoceanic distances with individual channel data rates at 10 or 20 Gb/s [Cai01, Bak01, VPM01], or 40 Gb/s channel ... Transactions on Networking, and Photonics Technology Letters, and magazines such as the IEEE Communications Magazine and Optical Networks Magazine provide good coverage of this subject There are...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... dispersion and fiber nonlinearities 2.1.2 Wave Theory Approach Light is an electromagnetic wave, and its propagation in any medium is governed by Maxwell's equations These equations are stated in Appendix ... wave theory approach The wave theory is more general and is applicable for all values of the fiber radius The ray theory is an approximation that holds when the optical wavelength is much smaller ... undergo total internal reflection at the Core-cladding nax interface and will thus propagate Such rays are called guided rays, and 0~ is called the acceptance angle The refractive index difference...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... Propagation in Optical Fiber 61 determination of/3 must be done numerically But, analogous to the normalized wave number, we can define a normalized propagation constant (sometimes called a normalized ... L-band C-band v 0.20 ' ' ' 1450 ' ' 1500 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1550 , l 1600 , , ~ ~ i 1650 Wavelength (nm) Figure 2.7 The three bands, S-band, C-band, and L-band, based on amplifier availability, within ... of wavelength We see that the loss has local minima at these three wavelength bands with typical losses of 2.5, 0.4, and 0.25 dB/km (In a typical optical communication system, a signal can undergo...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... discussed earlier Figure 2.12 shows DM, Dw, and D for standard single-mode fiber DM increases monotonically with ~ and equals for ~ = 1.276/zm On the other hand, Dw decreases monotonically with )~ and ... milliwatts) and at bit rates up to about 2.5 Gb/s However, at higher bit rates such as 10 Gb/s and above and/ or at higher transmitted powers, it is important to consider the effect of nonlinearities ... #m band As a result, pulses in one part of the 1.55 #m band experience normal chromatic dispersion, and pulses in the other part of the band experience anomalous chromatic dispersion The waveguide...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... numerical examples we compute Pulses used in optical communication systems have finite temporal widths, and hence are not monochromatic They are also not plane waves~that is, they have a transverse ... point in understanding three important nonlinear phenomena affecting the propagation of signals in optical fiber" self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (CPM), and four-wave mixing (FWM) ... Chirp for Gaussian Pulses Consider an initially unchirped Gaussian pulse with envelope U(0, r) - e - r / We have assumed a normalized envelope so that the pulse has unit peak amplitude and 1/e-width...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... numerical example We assume that each of the optical signals at coi, coj, and co~ has a power of mW and the effective cross-sectional area of the fiber is Ae = 50 # m We also assume coi ~ coj so that ... ps/nm-km Large Effective Area Fiber The effect of nonlinearities can be reduced by designing a fiber with a large effective area We have seen that nonzero dispersion fibers have a small value of ... between chromatic dispersion and nonlinearities than normal NZ-DSFs However, the disadvantage is that these fibers have a larger chromatic dispersion slope, about 0.11 ps/nm-km 2.4 Nonlinear Effects...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... Miller and I P Kaminow, editors Optical Fiber Telecommunications II Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1988 [Nak00] M Nakazawa et al Ultrahigh-speed long-distance TDM and WDM soliton transmission technologies ... geometrical optics and electromagnetics and describes the propagation of light using both the ray and wave theory approaches The concepts of polarization and birefringence are also treated in ... with initial width To after it has propagated a distance z 2.9 Show that an unchirped Gaussian pulse launched at z - remains Gaussian for all z but acquires a distance-dependent chirp factor K(z)...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... signals propagating from right to left Therefore, the combination of the Faraday rotator and the half-wave plate converts the horizontal polarization into a vertical polarization and vice versa, ... filters are cascaded in a WDM system, the passband becomes progressively narrower To ensure reasonably broad passbands at the end of the cascade, the individual filters should have very flat passbands, ... reflection, with the same 45 ~ SOP orientation, is rotated another 45 ~ by the Faraday rotator, and thus blocked by the first polarizer Note tliat the preceding explanation above assumes a particular...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... value is usually a few hundred micrometers (Note that in Bragg gratings the difference in propagation constants between the forward and backward propagating modes is quite large, leading to a ... assumed to be far away from the grating plane compared to the grating pitch We also assume that the slits are small compared to the wavelength so that the phase change across a slit is negligible ... operation of a transmission grating The reflection grating works in an analogous manner The path length difference between rays diffracted at angle Oa from adjacent slits is A B - C D = a[ sin(Oi)...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... features that make it attractive for system applications It is possible to have a very flat top on the passband and very sharp skirts The device is extremely stable with regard to temperature variations, ... ~m bands Narrow band MZI filters are fabricated by cascading a number of stages, as we will see, and this leads to larger losses In principle, very good crosstalk performance can be achieved using ... Multiplexers and Filters 137 a result, the crosstalk performance is far from the ideal situation Also the passband of narrow band MZIs is not flat In contrast, the dielectric multicavity thin-film...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21