18— selected advances in imaging of the gallbladder and bile ducts

... and gallbladder, James Toouli and Mayank Bhandari Pathology of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder, 21 Kay Washington Epidemiology of diseases of the bile ducts and gallbladder, ... bile ducts The joining of the right and left hepatic ducts forms the Section 1: Anatomy, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of the biliary system Figure 1.4 Variations in the drainage of the intrahepatic ... Anomalies of the gallbladder Gallbladder and cystic duct The gallbladder is a reservoir of bile in the shape of a piriform sac partly contained in a fossa on the inferior surface of the right...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... define the extent of local invasion, thus affecting surgical treatment Common findings include diffuse nodular thickening of the gallbladder wall, a mass in the gallbladder fossa, and invasion of the ... 2: Pathology of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder metastasis from colorectal carcinoma may involve the large bile ducts, leading to obstructive changes in the liver [100,101] ... for gallbladder carcinoma is indirect and based on relative ages of patients with these lesions and the presence of dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma in gallbladders with invasive carcinoma...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... strictures of the ducts The intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts are involved in 68 to 89% of patients (Fig 6.2) The extrahepatic ducts alone are involved in 3% and the intrahepatic ducts alone in to ... multifocal disease Involvement of the main trunk of the portal vein Involvement of both branches of the portal vein or bilateral involvement of the hepatic artery and portal vein Vascular involvement ... dilatation of the bile duct without clear pathology Release of bile into the duodenum is not continuous but regulated by the activity of the sphincter of Oddi, a ring of smooth muscle at the level of the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... along the bile ducts or into the liver substance [6] The distal left or right main bile ducts and the common hepatic duct are the most common sites of involvement (Fig 6.12) The tumor occurs at the ... junction of the left and right main hepatic ducts in 20.5 to 45.5%, the common bile duct in 33 to 40.5%, and the cystic duct in 6% [6] The differential diagnosis for intrahepatic ductal involvement of ... catheter lies within the biliary tree and intestine and traverses the obstruction Bile can drain externally into a bag or internally into the bowel or both An internal drain is more often referred...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... anesthesia [35,36] There are two different ways to position the patient in the operating room: the supine position with the surgeon standing on the left and the assisting surgeon holding the ... facilitates grasping and holding of the gallbladder, but has the risk of bile spillage In some patients, the in ammation of the gallbladder wall leads to dense adhesions to the liver bed Because the dissection ... in some cases of classical injuries The deceptive flaring appearance is caused by the separation of the cystic and common hepatic ducts or the side of the common hepatic duct and the side of the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... to 72 hours from the onset of symptoms With the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the beginning of the 1990s the question of timing arose again At the beginning of the decade, acute ... gallbladder, resulting in reduction of the in ammation The theoretical aim of fasting is to rest the gallbladder, to reduce bile secretion, and therefore to decrease gallbladder distention and in ammatory ... from the duodenal bulb into the gallbladder and cystic duct (larger arrowhead) and then into the intrahepatic ducts (arrow) and common bile duct (CBD) The semilunar lucencies within the gallbladder...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... syndrome The abnormal bile ducts are in continuity with the remaining normal bile tree, and therefore contain bile Biliary stasis, leading to stone formation, is commonly seen in the dilated ducts and ... netilmicin, and ciprofloxacin With the sole exception of ciprofloxacin, the bile obtained from over 90% of the patients at the time of endoscopic drainage contained no detectable level of antibiotic ... Further investigations demonstrate fusiform cystic dilatations of the common bile duct with thickening of the bile duct wall and extension of the cystic abnormalities into the left lobe of the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... experimentally induced colitis in animal models [64,65] Further investigation to delineate the role of these peptides in the etiology of PSC is required The major criticism of the theories of colonic toxins ... involvement of the main portal vein or the hepatic artery, involvement of the hepatic artery or the portal vein in both hemilivers, involvement of the main hepatic duct on one side and the main hepatic ... 5.2 The ultrasound shows dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts without dilatation of the extrahepatic bile ducts A CT scan is performed indicating a 2-cm mass in the liver hilum What of the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... was made of sludge or stones in the bile ducts or gallbladder of these children [112] Sludge and stones form from the inspissation of bile in the liver and intra- and extrahepatic ducts of children ... terminal ends: A/B – contains the N terminal ligand independent transcription activator domain (AF1), C – the DNA binding domain, D – a shared domain and hinge region, and E – the ligand-binding ... of the gallbladder wall can be seen when the gallbladder is in amed Other diagnostic features include edema of the head of the pancreas, dilatation of the common duct, and dilatation of the intrahepatic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... pentoxyfilline The use of steroids in children has been limited because of the known deleterious effects on growth and the lack of proven efficacy in altering the course of the disease Trials in adults ... become the interlobular bile ducts The ductal plate cells around the periphery of the portal tract normally involute, but some elements remain to form the ducts of Herring that provide the functional ... formation of the interlobular bile ducts, and results in a characteristic portal tract lesion consisting of persistence of some remnant of the ductal plate resulting in misshapen, often enlarged...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... lesser of 10% of the value of the gift and $75, then the value of the advantage is considered to be zero For example, if the price to attend the benefit dinner is $200 and the value of the dinner ... evening of dinner and dancing in support of HSFM Benefit dinners are great for rewarding employees and for promoting their work in the community To save costs, try to organize the dinner within ... leads in eliminating heart disease and stroke and reducing their impact through the advancement of research and its application, the promotion of healthy living and advocacy Since HSFM’s inception...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 03:20

... SINUSITIS Orbital cellulitis or abscess ORBITAL COMPLICATIONS OF SINUSITIS CT MRI Cavernous sinus thrombosis C i h b i Intracranial complications of sinusitis Intracranial complications of sinusitis ... SINUSITIS (fluid level, complete opacity, mucosal thickening) SINUSITIS ( complete opacity maxillary sinus) SINUSITIS ( complete opacity sphenoid sinus) SINUSITIS ( complete opacity frontal sinus) ... sinus) Fungal sinusitis Fungal sinusitis Mucocele frontal sinus CT & MRI Frontal mucocele Mucocele Ethmoid sinus OSTEOMYELITIS ORBITAL COMPLICATIONS OF BACTERIAL SINUSITIS • Periorbital inflammatory...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 08:20

... exclude the existence of cardiac diseases All the patients and controls were Caucasians from the Northern Spain regions of Asturias and Cantabria, and gave their informed consent to participate in the ... two main haplotype blocks have been identified, one defined by markers in the promoter region and the other by SNPs rs5182 and rs5186 in the 3' region [37,38] A resequencing of the AT1R in patients ... L: Involvement of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor in cardiac hypertrophy linked to sympathetic stimulation: control of interleukin6, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokine...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... distended and showed wall thickening There was a palpable mass felt on the surface of the gallbladder neck portion The patient underwent surgical resection of the gallbladder and the left lobe of the ... hepaticojejunostomy The resected gallbladder was 12 cm in length and 13 cm in greatest circumference, and contained multiple black pigment stones (Figure 2a) The mass in the neck portion of gallbladder ... gallbladder was × × 1.5 cm in size and microscopic findings revealed moderate adenocarcinoma with prominent desmoplastic response infiltrating the gallbladder wall There were invasive micropapillary...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 02:20

... analysis and wrote part of the manuscript CA and VR gathered a portion of the in vitro data FVC was the primary investigator on the T32 training grant and edited the manuscript LMC was the primary investigator ... took part in all the experiments and was the primary writer of the manuscript RJK was involved in the in vivo data gathering ST performed or participated in both the in vitro and in vivo studies ... investigator on the NIH grants and Department of Defense grant listed in the acknowledgements section and was involved in the study design HED-L was involved in the conception of the study and was the primary...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... tissue–fluid interface of the lens Thus, two‐third of the focusing of light is done by the cornea and only one‐third by the lens The lens does the fine‐ tuning of the focusing of the image The cornea ... lid can be up to mm long The length of the gland depends on the position of the individual gland in the lid The duct of each gland opens directly onto the inner margin of the eyelids Tiffany has ... preputial and the meibomian glands There are two major cell types in meibomian glands and other sebaceous glands: the lipid‐producing cells of the acinus and the stratified squamous cells of the ducts...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 10:20

... alization started in the eighties, at the time of the culmination of air-pollution disaster In that period, within the programme of the gene conservation of indigenous forest tree species in the Krkonoše ... cuttings of the 2nd generation The selection of individuals for further growing was performed on the basis of the complex evaluation of parent trees (the health status was the main criterion, and ... described in rooted cuttings compared to seedlings, e.g later onset and lower intensity of dormancy and cold hardiness and earlier flushing in spring (Fennessy et al 2000) The evaluation of the 2nd...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 03:22

... Performance of MSUS in image acquisition and interpretation by the podiatrist was of an acceptable standard during the primary investigation and following further training levels of agreement increased ... participated in study design and coordination JB participated in the design of the study and helped to draft the manuscript CE participated in the design of the study, coordination, confirmation of RA ... nature of the test was explained The forefeet of all participants were scanned by the investigator using a broadband linear probe of – 10 MHz frequency The participant was asked to sit in a supine...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 21:23

... expression of TIP3;1 and TIP1;1 in Arabidopsis and found minimal overlap in the timing of their expression, with TIP3;1 being abundant in embryos of mature seeds and sharply declining during seed germination, ... z-stacks of the same root, separated by a black line B and C: xz projections of the image stack in panel a, revealing two cross-sections of the root axis, taken in the regions of the root indicated ... TIP2;3 and TIP4;1 would still be present in the tissues lacking TIP1;1 (Fig 2) It is therefore possible that these remaining isoforms compensate for the lack of TIP1;1 in the knockout On the other...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:21

... biopsies’ of the airway wall are obtained by placing the tip of the miniprobe onto the airway wall surface Another advantage of FCFM and its miniprobe is the ability to reach and therefore visualize the ... in the design of the study, and wrote the manuscript JHVDT carried out the sectioning, staining, and analysis of the biopsy specimens, and helped to draft the manuscript EHB participated in the ... bronchial main carina was chosen as the location for FCFM and biopsy to minimize imaging artefacts resulting from inadequate positioning of the miniprobe superimposed on the movement of the airways...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 13:22