→ aldehyde → carboxylic acid

... Acylation with Carboxylic Acid Chlorides and Anhydrides 51 52 Esters of Carboxylic Acids – Conventional Methods carboxylic acid esters with unsaturated side chains, e.g cinnamic acid esters, are ... of ester functions of dicarboxylic acids or mixed derivatives containing aliphatic ester moieties and ester functions of dicarboxylic acids, 4.1 Acylation with Carboxylic Acid Chlorides and Anhydrides ... as discussed in Sect 5.1 48 Esters of Carboxylic Acids – Conventional Methods For the introduction of more complex carboxylic acid moieties, i.e fatty acid moieties, alicyclic groups or substituted...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 16:20

... Common Carboxylic Acids 14.1 Carboxylic Acids Some Important Carboxylic Acids O CH3 CH2 16C OH Stearic acid found in beef fat 14.1 Carboxylic Acids Reactions Involving Carboxylic Acids • Carboxylic ... 14.1 Carboxylic Acids Structure • Carboxylic acid groups consist of two very polar functional groups – Carbonyl group – Hydroxyl group • Carboxylic acid groups are very polar Carboxylic acid ... Carboxylic acids are prepared by oxidation of primary alcohols and aldehydes CH3CH2CH2OH O H2CrO4 O CH3CH2C OH Warm CH3CH2CH 14.1 Carboxylic Acids Acid- Base Reactions • Carboxylic acids behave as acids...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:01

... 3-methylbutanoic acid Common Names The common names of simple carboxylic acids  Are formic acid (1C), acetic acid (2C), propionic acid (3C), and butyric acid (4C) HCOOH  formic acid CH3—COOH acetic acid ... propanoic acid (propionic acid) CH3 | B CH3─CH─CH2─COOH 3-methylbutanoic acid (β-methylbutyric acid) O C 3-bromobenzoic acid C OH (m-bromobenzoic acid) Br 14 Preparation of Carboxylic Acids   Carboxylic ... Some Carboxylic Acids TABLE 16.1 Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Common Carboxylic Acids Methanoic acid (formic acid) O ║ H─C─OH ethanoic acid (acetic acid) ...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:01

... carboxylic acid Very slow reaction, unless! an acid catalyst used (usually sulphuric acid) A condensation reaction The condensation reaction between the hydroxyl group and the carboxylic acid ... alcohol & carboxylic acid from which they are derived O C CH3 CH2 CH3 let’s name some esters! O ethyl this part comes from the alcohol & is named after it ethanoate this part from the acid and ... using acylating agents or by reacting with a carboxylic acid Ester hydrolysis Breakdown of an ester by water Process sped up by catalysis Can use an acid to catalyse (H2SO4) Alkali catalysts...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:01

... because carbonyl group of ester and of carboxylic acid are comparably stabilized Example O CHCOCH2CH3 + H2O Cl HCl, heat O CHCOH Cl (80-82%) + CH3CH2OH Mechanism of Acid- Catalyzed Ester Hydrolysis Is ... irreversible, because of strong stabilization of carboxylate ion if carboxylic acid is desired product, saponification is followed by a separate acidification step (simply a pH adjustment) Ester Hydrolysis ... esterification (Sections 15.8 and 19.14) from acyl chlorides (Sections 15.8 and 20.3) from carboxylic acid anhydrides (Sections 15.8 and 20.5) Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones (Section 17.16)...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:13

... active complex In conclusion, we have described the functional roles of these conserved carboxylic acid amino -acid residues using site-directed mutagenesis and steady-state kinetics We propose the ... are the acid dissociation constants for functional groups in the enzyme–substrate complex Chemical rescue The stock solutions of exogenous acids were prepared at pH 7.4 Various free acids, including ... solutions of exogenous acids were prepared at pH 7.4 Various free acids, including formic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, or sodium azide, were added to the FEBS Journal 273 (2006) 4072–4081 ª 2006...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:21

... 12: CARBOXYLIC ACIDS C=O C=C SP2 carbon Y=OH NOMENCLATURE OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IUPAC names: hydrocarbon + “oic acid Some natural occurring acids & derivatives PREPARATIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS ... replace “ic acid with “yl halide” / carboxylic acid with “carbonyl halide” 19 Reactions of acyl chlorides 20 An amide 21 Amide formation 22 IUPAC names: replace “ic acid , “oic acid , “ylic acid ... PCC: pyridinium chlorochromate From aldehydes Aldehydes are generally easier to oxidize than primary alcohols 10 From alkylbenzenes 11 REACTIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Esterification reactions 12...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 15:20

... CHƯƠNG 15: ACID CARBOXYLIC HỖN CHỨC HYDROXY ACID Công thức tổng quát R (COOH)m (OH)n Danh pháp Hydroxy + tên acid carboxylic Tên số hydroxy acid Điều chế Nguồn gốc thiên nhiên Acid malic: táo Acid ... OXO ACID 1.Định nghĩa R (COOH)m (CO)n 2.Danh pháp Danh pháp IUPAC Oxo + tên acid carboxylic formyl + tên acid carboxylic Ví dụ: Danh pháp khác CHƯƠNG 15: ACID CARBOXYLIC HỖN CHỨC Ceto + tên acid ... 15: ACID CARBOXYLIC HỖN CHỨC Danh pháp - Nhóm chức acid: gọi tên dạng hậu tố - Nhóm chức khác: gọi tên dạng tiền tố Thứ tự ưu tiên nhóm chức Acid carboxylic > anhydrid acid > Este > Halogenid acid...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2012, 12:17

... propinoic Acid cyclopentan COOH Acid cyclopentan carboxylic Acid carboxylic Acid benzoic 121 249 4,17 COOH Acid 76,7 265 4,26 135 300 4,44 benzen Acid phenylacetic CH2 COOH H C6H5 2-phenyletanoic Acid ... CHBr COOH Acid carboxylic ch−a no Acid kh«ng no lµ nh÷ng acid chøa nèi ®«i hc nèi ba Mét sè acid ch−a no tr×nh bµy b¶ng 20-2 Acid carboxylic ch−a no cã thĨ liªn hỵp hc kh«ng liªn hỵp Acid carboxylic ... CH3(CH2)12COOH Acid myristic Acid tetradecanoic 54 251 - CH3(CH2)14COOH Acid palmitic Acid hexadecanoic 63 267 - CH3(CH2)16COOH Acid stearic Acid octadecanoic 72 - - CH=CHCOOH Acid acrylic Acid propenoic...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 08:20

... ester cđa acid bÐo vµ acid phosphoric C¸c acid bÐo th−êng gỈp nh−: Acid lauric CH2(CH2)10COOH, Acid palmitic CH3(CH2)14COOH Acid stearic CH3(CH2)16COOH; Acid oleic CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH, Acid linoleic ... Tripalmitatglicerin Anhydrid acid Hai ph©n tư acid bÞ lo¹i n−íc t¹o thµnh anhydrid acid C«ng thøc chung: O R C OH OH R C O Acid O R C O R C O Anhydrid acid Anhydrid acid hót n−íc t¹o thµnh acid øng dơng ®Ĩ ... H2O, alcol, acid, amoniac H2O O CH3 C ROH CH2 C CH3 C RCOOH CH3 C O R C NH3 CH3 C Acid OH O OR Ester O O Anhydrid acid O O NH2 Amid Halogenid acid – acyl halogenid Thay nhãm OH cđa acid carboxylic...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 09:20

... (gÆs)1) Acetaldehyde Benzaldehyde Butyraldehyde Crotonaldehyde DL-Glyceraldehyde Formaldehyde Formate Glutaraldehyde Glyoxylate Isovaleraldehyde Phenylacetaldehyde Propionaldehyde Salicylaldehyde ... the oxidation of several aldehydes to the corresponding acids obtaining the highest catalytic efficiencies with acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, and benzaldehyde This substrate spectrum ... acceptor, aldehyde oxidoreductase activities were highest with acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde or benzaldehyde as substrate, whereas significantly lower activities were generally obtained with crotonaldehyde...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

...  CH3CHO + NaCl + H2O Từ este: RCOOCH = CH2 + NaOH  RCOONa + CH3CHO B Ketone I CTC: Giống CTTQ Aldehyde Ketone no, đơn: CnH2nO ( n  3) II Lý tính: CH3COCH3 chất lỏng không màu, dễ bay hơi, tan ...  CH + H2O  CH3COCH3 Oxi hóa cumen H+, t0: C6H5CH(CH3)2 + O2  CH3COCH3 + C6H5OH C Carbocyclic Acid I CTC: CnH2n + – 2k – a(COOH)a (n  0, k  0, a  1) hay R(COOH)a II Lý tính: Ở đk thường, ... 2Ag + H2O + 2NH3 Phản ứng khử hóa axit LiAlH4 RCOOH  RCH2OH Điều chế: Phương pháp chung: Oxi hóa Aldehyde O2 với xt: Mn2+, t0: RCHO + ½ O2  RCOOH Oxi hóa ancol bậc I: RCH2OH + O2  RCOOH + H2O...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 12:20

... ACID CARBOXYLIC Danh pháp Tính ch t v t lý nh hư ng nhóm th lên tính acid Đi u ch Tính ch t hóa h c h c 5.1 Ph n ng kh 5.2 Ph n ng oxy 5.3 Cơ ch ph n ng ester 5.4 Ph n ng th nhóm –OH c a acid ... nh hư ng nhóm th lên tính acid Tính acid: O O H3C C + OH O H2O H3C C O - H3C C + O + H3O Gốc R chứa nhóm hút điện tử Gốc R chứa nhóm đ y điện tử tính acid tăng tính acid giảm O C OH pKa = 4,46 ... c Bư c 5.4 Ph n ng th nhóm –OH c a acid 5.4.1 Ph n ng t o acid chloride 5.4.2 Ph n ng t o amid 5.4.3 Ph n ng tách nư c t o anhydride Các d n xu t c a acid carboxylic : ...

Ngày tải lên: 14/05/2014, 15:51

... 1.Định nghĩa Halogenid acid (Acyl halogenid ): dẫn chất acid carboxylic 2 Danh pháp  tên gốc acid ( ic Acetyl clorid yl ) + tên halogenid P – floro benzoyl ... Ngoài điều chế từ Halogenid acid khác VD + CaI2 + CaCl2 Trong số halogenid acid, thường sử dụng clorid acid, Còn iodid acid bền vững nên sử dụng 4.Tính chất hóa học  Nguyên tử C nhóm liên kết ... điều chế trực tiếp từ : Acid + thionyl halogenid ( phospho halogenid) VD : + PCl5 + POCl3 + + SOCl2 + SO2 + HCl HCl 3.Điều chế + PBr3 + H3PO3  Ngoài điều chế từ Halogenid acid khác VD + CaI2 +...

Ngày tải lên: 18/07/2014, 04:00

... ester cđa acid bÐo vµ acid phosphoric C¸c acid bÐo th−êng gỈp nh−: Acid lauric CH2(CH2)10COOH, Acid palmitic CH3(CH2)14COOH Acid stearic CH3(CH2)16COOH; Acid oleic CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH, Acid linoleic ... Tripalmitatglicerin Anhydrid acid Hai ph©n tư acid bÞ lo¹i n−íc t¹o thµnh anhydrid acid C«ng thøc chung: O R C OH OH R C O Acid O R C O R C O Anhydrid acid Anhydrid acid hót n−íc t¹o thµnh acid øng dơng ®Ĩ ... H2O, alcol, acid, amoniac H2O O CH3 C ROH CH2 C CH3 C RCOOH CH3 C O R C NH3 CH3 C Acid OH O OR Ester O O Anhydrid acid O O NH2 Amid Halogenid acid – acyl halogenid Thay nhãm OH cđa acid carboxylic...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 17:21

... propinoic Acid cyclopentan COOH Acid cyclopentan carboxylic Acid carboxylic Acid benzoic 121 249 4,17 COOH Acid 76,7 265 4,26 135 300 4,44 benzen Acid phenylacetic CH2 COOH H C6H5 2-phenyletanoic Acid ... CHBr COOH Acid carboxylic ch−a no Acid kh«ng no lµ nh÷ng acid chøa nèi ®«i hc nèi ba Mét sè acid ch−a no tr×nh bµy b¶ng 20-2 Acid carboxylic ch−a no cã thĨ liªn hỵp hc kh«ng liªn hỵp Acid carboxylic ... CH3(CH2)12COOH Acid myristic Acid tetradecanoic 54 251 - CH3(CH2)14COOH Acid palmitic Acid hexadecanoic 63 267 - CH3(CH2)16COOH Acid stearic Acid octadecanoic 72 - - CH=CHCOOH Acid acrylic Acid propenoic...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 17:21

... CHẾ: P/ứ chuyển đổi ester Acid carboxylic tác dụng diazometan: Phản ứng muối acid carboxylic với dẫn xuất halogen: 3 TÍNH CHẤT HÓA HỌC 3.1 Phản ứng thủy phân: môi trường acid base 3.2 Phản ứng chuyển ... phẩm este acid β -cetocarboxylic Ester ethylacetoacetat (P/ứ Dieckman)  Các este acid béo với glycerin gọi chất béo (Lipid) ANHYDRID ACID - (RCO)2O Anhydrid hút nước mạnh tạo thành acid Ứng dụng: ... ceten tác nhân acyl hóa B- tác nhân nước, alcol, acid, amoniac: 10 HALID ACID - ACYL HALID Thay OH acid carboxylic halogen Cấu tạo: Danh pháp: Gọi tên acid thay tiếp vĩ ngữ “ic” “yl” + halogenid 3-bromobutanoyl...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2015, 09:00

... Tổng hợp acid 2-phenylthiazolidin-4 -carboxylic dẫn chất 31 3.1.1.1 Tổng hợp acid 2-phenylthiazolidin-4 -carboxylic (2a) 31 3.1.1.2 Tổng hợp acid 2-(4-clorophenyl)thiazolidin-4 -carboxylic ... hợp acid 2-phenylthiazolidin-4 -carboxylic dẫn chất 53 4.1.2 Tổng hợp acid 3-tert-butoxycarbonylthiazolidin-4 -carboxylic dẫn chất 53 4.1.3 Tổng hợp acid 3-benzoyl-2-phenylthiazolidin-4 -carboxylic ... acid thiazolidin-4 -carboxylic Hình 1.2 Công thức cấu tạo dẫn chất acid 2-arylthiazolidin-4 -carboxylic Hình 1.3 Công thức cấu tạo dẫn chất acid 3-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2arylthiazolidin-4-carboxylic...

Ngày tải lên: 25/07/2015, 13:01

... Tổng hợp acid 2-phenylthiazolidin-4 -carboxylic dẫn chất 21 3.1.1.1 Tổng hợp acid 2-phenylthiazolidin-4 -carboxylic (2a) 21 3.1.1.2 Tổng hợp acid 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidin- 4carboxylic ... 3.1: Sơ đồ tổng hợp acid 2-phenylthiazolidin-4 -carboxylic dẫn chất 3.1.1 Tổng hợp acid 2-phenylthiazolidin-4 -carboxylic dẫn chất 3.1.1.1 Tổng hợp acid 2-phenylthiazolidin-4 -carboxylic (2a) a Sơ ... 3.1.1.3 Tổng hợp acid 2-(4-clorophenyl)thiazolidin-4 -carboxylic (2c) 23 3.1.1.4 Tổng hợp acid 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidin-4 -carboxylic (2d) 23 3.1.2 Tổng hợp acid 3-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-phenylthiazolidin-4carboxylic...

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2015, 07:41