Kèn đồng trong hòa tấu thính phòng và giao hưởng tại thành phố hồ chí minh TT TIẾNG ANH

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TOURISM HO CHI MINH CITY CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC HOÀNG NGỌC LONG BRASS INSTRUMENTS IN CHAMBER MUSIC AND SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA IN HO CHI MINH CITY Major: Musicology Code: 62210201 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN MUSICOLOGY Ho Chi Minh City - 2021 RESEARCH PROJECT COMPLETED AT HO CHI MINH CITY CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC Research instructor: ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR - Ph.D NGUYỄN MINH CẦM Independent reviewer 1:…………………………………………………… Independent reviewer 2:…………………………………………………… Reviewer 1:………………………………………………………………… Reviewer 2:………………………………………………………………… Reviewer 3:………………………………………………………………… Research will be defended in front of Doctorate Research Project Commission Board At: Ho Chi Minh City Conservatory of Music Time:…… Day:………month………2021 Research can be looked up via INTRODUCTION Reasons for choosing the topic In the development process of ensembles and symphonic music in Vietnam, particularly for the brass instruments, the improvement of each musician’s skills, techniques and musicality plays a key role in the general quality of the whole ensemble Orchestra playing is an activity requiring high disciplines and unity between all the players During the 90’s, there were many collaboration projects in Vietnam with renowned orchestra conductors all over the world They all pointed out various limitations in orchestral skills and techniques of our musicians, including the brass players The brass section is an indispensable part of the orchestra It contributes greatly to the success of a composition In modern and contemporary music, the success of a piece usually depends much on the coloring and interpretation abilities of the musicians They can be considered the secondary composers of the composition In order to build a strong musical development in Vietnam, it is crucial for each musician, as well as each music education system, to be very clear of their own strong & weak points, to be always updating and learning from the new and better performance styles & techniques from all over the world Therefore, we came to the topic for this project: “Brass instruments in chamber music and symphony orchestra in Ho Chi Minh City” Literature review Researches and studies on performance techniques for brass instruments have been touched and mentioned by various authors and scholars, inside and outside of Vietnam Some notable projects include: In Vietnamese: (1) “The Instruments of the symphony orchestra” (1983) by Hồng Đăng (2) “Symphonic music of Vietnam - Foundation and Development” (2001) by Nguyễn Thị Nhung (3) “French Horn education in military band” (1998), a treatise by Đoàn Ngọc Nam (4) “Improving the quality of Trumpet education, intermediate program, at the Huế Institute of Music” (2012), a treatise by Trần Quang Yển (5) “Symphonic music in Vietnam, the history” (2006), research by Nguyễn Thế Tuân (6) “Double-reed performance at Vietnam” (2011), research by Phạm Ngọc Doanh The researches, studies and literature have mentioned matters such as: the position, function, role, instrumentation techniques of brass instruments in symphony orchestra; history of migration and development of the instruments into Vietnam; fundamental techniques, and history of development of symphonic music in Vietnam These matters have yet to be mentioned in studies about brass instruments in HCMC In other languages: (1) “Brass in the operas of Hector Berlioz” (1984) in English, by Benjamin Perl (2) “The secret to breathing and exhaling technique” (2011) in Russian, by V.D Ivanov In other languages, translated into Vietnamese: (1) “The matters with orchestral instrumentation” (1972) in Russian by Maringo Leminov, translated into Vietnamese by Tô Hải (2) “Teaching and pedagogies for wind instruments” (1976) in Russian by Dikov, translated by Cửu Vỹ So far, there has yet to be a thorough research project regarding all the problems with brass instruments in symphonic music in Vietnam, particularly in HCMC Purpose, object and scope of study From a musicology perspective: Our goal is to make clear of all the problems related to brass instruments in symphony orchestra Target of the study: brass instruments in chamber music and symphony orchestras at Ho Chi Minh City, in the context of performance, composing, and education Areas of study: (1) Performance techniques of brass instruments, in compositions which have been performed by the Ho Chi Minh City’s Ballet and Symphony Orchestra (HBSO), the Saigon Philharmonic Orchestra (SPO) of the HCMC Conservatory, and the military concert bands of HCMC (2) Performance techniques used & written for brass instruments in chamber music and symphony orchestra, used by musicians and composers in HCMC (3) Curriculum and education programs for brass instruments at the HCMC’s Conservatory of Music, and the Military University of Culture & Art of HCMC 4.Theories, methods, sources & materials 1.1 Research theories: Our theories focus on the following matters: a History of traditional music & influences over symphonic music in Vietnam b The art of symphonic music, with brass instruments in particular, is a system with many factors tied together and are related to music performance and composing c Exchanging and learning knowledge from abroad has changed the methods of composing & performing of brass instruments in symphonic music d The role and influence of education programs toward performance, learning and teaching abilities in symphonic music 1.2 Research methods: Historical method: to study the founding and developing process of brass instruments in symphonic music, to identify their characteristics Musicological method: to study, analyze & compare the traits and performance techniques of the instruments, via music compositions from over the world and from the composers in HCMC Interviewing method: to study the developing process of the study programs, as well as the usage of extended techniques in teaching and performing at HCMC 1.3 Research materials & sources: We use symphonic compositions from abroad and from HCMC which feature brass instruments We use literature and digital sources regarding the history of music in Vietnam & of the world; treatises and studies regarding musical composition and performance in and outside of Vietnam We also interview and consult orchestra specialists, conductors, and brass players… Results and contributions of the research project Scientifically, the study is a deep and thorough research project on performance techniques of brass instruments in chamber music and symphonic music, put them together, in order to find a way to use them for chamber music and symphonic music, as well as music composing in HCMC The result of the study will contribute to the direction of performing, composing, educating and researching music in Vietnam Practically, we hope that the result will have positive effects on chamber and symphonic music of brass instruments in HCMC, pushing forward the development process of symphonic music in HCMC and in Vietnam as a whole The study can be used as reference and/or material for the education program of brass instruments and music composing in HCMC as well as throughout the country Thesis structure Aside from the introduction, conclusion, and appendix, the main body of the study consists of three big chapters: Chapter 1: Brass instruments and chamber / symphonic music: we use the results of various research studies in and outside Vietnam; study the definitions, mechanism and characteristics of brass instruments, of chamber music and symphonic music in HCMC; study their migration and development process in HCMC and in Vietnam as a whole Chapter 2: Brass instruments in performance, composition and education of chamber music and symphonic music in HCMC: In this chapter we study the technical possibilities of brass players in chamber & symphonic music in HCMC Chapter 3: The solutions to improving performance techniques of brass instruments in chamber / symphonic music in HCMC: we study the new and extended techniques of brass instruments from music compositions of renowned composers over the world From the fruition and achievements in composing and performing of brass instruments, we introduce the methods for training & performing for the musicians, composers as well as the musical education institutes, particularly HCMC’s Conservatory of Music CHAPTER 1: BRASS INSTRUMENTS AND CHAMBER / SYMPHONIC MUSIC Musicology, art, and history based 1.1 Definitions 1.1.1 Brass instruments and their mechanisms Brass instruments: According to musicologists over the world, wind instruments, particularly brass instruments, are among the oldest musical instruments of mankind During the Middle Ages, brass instruments are crucial in hunting and military activities They were then integrated into church music for strengthening the vocal parts… One of the many forms of brass music still existing to this day is “fanfare”, and after many centuries, the form of brass ensemble was created Brass instruments mainly used were natural trumpets, busines; there was the ancestor of the modern-day Tuba, originating from Rome In the 14th century, natural horns were introduced using mostly in hunting; then came the trombone in the 15th century “Tuning tubes” for the trumpet were invented during the 17th century by instrument makers from Dresden, Germany; “Invention horns” and “Invention trumpets” were created for allowing the players to play in different tonalities… In symphony orchestra, the brass section mainly consists of: trumpets, horns, tenor trombones, bass trombones, and tuba During the earlier time period, due to their simple design and mechanism, thus their lack of playing techniques, brass instruments were hardly able to take care of solo lines in an orchestral context They mostly use their natural tones and overtones From the 19th century and on, drastic changes were made for brass instruments, and was considered a huge milestone in their development process Mechanism: Brass instruments create sounds using the vibration of the air inside the instrument, resonating of the player’s embouchure They combine with different mechanisms such as valves, pistons, slides… in order to create different tones and colors Valve instruments use a set of 3, or more valves controlled by the player’s fingers, changing the tube lengths inside the instruments in order to create different notes and pitches These valves are separated into different types such as “rotary valves” and “piston valves” This family of brass instruments includes the French Horn, Euphonium, Tuba, Cornet, Flugelhorn, Trumpet, etc Slide instruments use a sliding tube in order to directly change the length of the inner tube The most prominent member is the trombone Although there are also a few sets of trombones using piston or rotary valves, they are considered less efficient and less practical 1.1.2 Chamber & symphonic music Chamber music is a form of music playing consists of or more instruments, suitable for a small concert space: duo (2 players), trio (3 players), quartet (4), quintet (5), sextet (6), septet (7), octet (8), and nonet (9) When the group consists of 10 to around 20 players, it is called a chamber ensemble For brass instruments in particular, they are frequently called for by various composers throughout the course of history The most frequently used combination is the brass quintet Symphonic music is the form of music played by a symphony orchestra, suitable for a much larger concert venue The brass section usually consists of trumpets, horns, trombones and tuba(s) They play in harmony and unity with other instruments in the orchestra 1.2 Characteristics of brass instruments in chamber and symphonic music over the world 1.2.1 Brass instruments in the 18th century Partly due to their limitations in mechanism and playing capability, brass instruments were not frequently used during the 18th century Most music didn’t ask for a big range of different dynamics or colors, particularly not much from the brass The trombones were good with chromatic scales and had a tone color closed to those of the vocals, so they were mostly called for in operas or church music The first major composer to make a change was Ludwig van Beethoven His first major adjustment was the addition of the trombone section in the symphony orchestra, which was showcased in his Fifth Symphony Differently from Mozart or many previous composers, Beethoven called for an alto trombone, a tenor trombone and a bass trombone in the last movement of the symphony This brought a huge improvement to the sound quality of the brass section, and became an example for the later composers to follow The same was applied in his Sixth and Ninth Symphony Beethoven was the first composer to fix the three-playerscombination for the trombone section as a regular part of the symphony orchestra 11 They were classically and professionally trained, readying themselves for the sake of classical music development in their home country Since 1956, various music education institutes, opera houses, and professional performing groups & orchestras were formed by the government The former Vietnam School of Music (now known as the Vietnam National Academy of Music were formed in 1956, using a combination of domestic and international professional artists & instructors The Vietnam Symphony Orchestra was created in 1959, marks a turning point for the development process of chamber / symphonic music in Vietnam Up until 1975, the country has a whole generation of talented musicians such as Hoàng Cương, Tạ Bôn (violin), Thái Thị Liên, Hữu Tuấn (piano), Bùi Gia Tường, Vũ Hướng (cello), Lê Bích (flute)…; orchestra conductors featuring Quang Hải, Trọng Bằng, Nguyễn Minh Cầm, Cao Việt Bách…; composers such as Nguyễn Xuân Khoát, Đỗ Nhuận, Hoàng Vân, Nguyễn Văn Nam, Nguyễn Thị Nhung, Ca Lê Thuần, and many others… 1.3.3 Brass instruments and chamber / symphonic music in HCMC After 1975, the city started focusing on building and developing the arts Opera houses, musical stages, music schools were built; singing and performance troupes & units were formed, and frequently give performances… Brass ensembles and military bands were formed in many of the units around the city The most important figures to be created were the HCMC Conservatory of Music, the HCMC’s Ballet and Symphony Orchestra (HBSO), and the HCMC Military’s Culture and Art School HCMC had a concentration of talented music composers such as Quang Hải, Ca Lê Thuần, Nguyễn Văn Nam, Hoàng Cương, … Many of whom 12 have studied at prestigious conservatories around the world They played a great role and had many contributions to classical music in HCMC, composing many chambers and symphonic works featuring brass instruments, which have been performed by the HBSO and the Saigon Philharmonic Orchestra (SPO) - the orchestra of the HCMC Conservatory of Music Conclusion - Chapter From various studies, treatises, research projects regarding the creation & development of brass instrument, their performance techniques and characteristics, we have created a fundament for approaching and studying brass instruments in chamber music and symphonic music in HCMC During the 18th century, brass instruments were used only for the purposes of harmonization and texture reinforcement for the strings and.or the vocals, rarely for the purpose of a solo melody Since the 19th century, the introduction of the valve systems by H Stolzel were the most crucial innovation, helping to solve the instruments’ weakness and limitation in performing techniques, leading to the golden era of the brass instruments… Brass instruments in chamber music and symphonic music in HCMC since after 1975 were demonstrated through various chamber and symphonic music works Their usage and demonstration in music education and music composition will be orderly addressed in the following chapters 13 CHAPTER 2: BRASS INSTRUMENTS IN PERFORMANCE, COMPOSITION AND EDUCATION IN HO CHI MINH CITY 2.1 Brass instruments in performance in HCMC 2.1.1 Brass instruments in non-professional musical activities In religious activities: Almost every church and parish in the city has their own choir and brass ensemble HCMC has a concentration of over 20 amateur brass ensembles, of which members come from churches and parishes They rehearse and give performances frequently for the religious events, rites and activities There are also such ensembles which serve for many other purposes in daily life such as funerals, weddings etc In cultural events & activities: brass ensembles in community and cultural activities in HCMC are very active and popular There are hundreds of such ensembles around the city which serve many cultural and daily life purposes This trend also develops strongly for the youths There are junior bands and student bands in schools and cultural centers all around the city 2.1.2 Brass instruments in professional activities In military performing activities: Brass ensembles are an important part of military bands, serving for important political events and activities of the country HCMC currently has two biggest military bands: the District military band, and The Headquarter military band They give welcoming fanfares and performances for visiting political guests, important figures… as well as performances for ceremonies and big holidays of the country… 14 In performing activities of the HCMC Conservatory of Music: Alongside their main function of music education, the conservatory also pay attention to performing activities as an important support to the study program Student concerts for every department are held on a yearly basis The Saigon Philharmonic Orchestra (SPO) consists of teachers and students of the conservatory, has been giving many high-quality concerts In performing activities of the HCMC’s Ballet and Symphony Orchestra (HSBO): created in 1993, formerly known as the “HCMC’s Symphony and Chamber Orchestra”, the orchestra is an important factor in the development process of classical music in HCMC They have held many big and colorful concert series and music festivals, with a variety of music, composers and genres: symphonic music, ballets, operas, chamber music… The success of the orchestra is partly thanks to the great contributions of brass players throughout the years 2.2 Brass instruments and music composers in HCMC 2.2.1 Composers After 1975, alongside the development of the art and of classical music across the country, many talented composers have also contributed greatly They include composers born before 1975 such as Quang Hải, Nguyễn Văn Nam, Ca Lê Thuần, Hoàng Cương, Võ Đăng Tín… and also younger composers such as Trần Vương Thạch, Trần Thanh Hà, Vũ Việt Anh, Nguyễn Mạnh Duy Linh, Trần Đinh Lăng, … 2.2.2 Brass instruments in composing for chamber and symphonic music in HCMC Brass instruments play an important role in composing many works in HCMC: symphonies, operas, concertos, chamber music The composers love using the instruments and exploiting their strength and versatility in 15 their works In the major works of Quang Hải, Ca Lê Thuần, Hoàng Cương or Nguyễn Văn Nam, brass instruments have been called for soloistic melody lines, sometimes as a solid brass section, sometimes in unison with the strings, in order to maximize their strength in sound power and colors 2.3 Brass instruments in music education in HCMC 2.3.1 Music education institutes Ho Chi Minh City Conservatory of Music In 1956, the “Saigon National School of Music” was created In 1975, the name was changed into “Ho Chi Minh City Music School”, and finally from 1981, it officially bears the name “Ho Chi Minh City’s Conservatory of Music” after introducing for the first time the Bachelor of Music program During these early years, the wind department used to have only Flute and Clarinet classes for the woodwinds, and for the brass there was only the Trumpet class This was because classical music was not prioritized correctly back in the days, the school only give classes based on the needs of the society This only changed after the year of 1975, where the conservatory goes on to build a more complete model learning from music institutes and conservatories all over the world, and all-important instruments were added into the school curriculum During the early 90’s, thanks to good human resources, education for brass instruments had great improvements in quality, as well as the performing quality in the symphony orchestra The brass section had become capable of dealing with the high levels and technical demands from big compositions and big composers 16 The Military University of Culture and Art: created in the year of 2000 in HCMC (having its headquarter in Hanoi), responsible for teaching and producing artists & musicians for military-related cultural and artistic activities around the city and the country The school give education for all instruments in a standard military band - trumpets, cornets, horns, trombones, baritones, alto horns, tubas, percussion… as well as for band conductors The school provide an Intermediate program and a Bachelor program After 20 years in function, the university have produced many brass musicians for military bands in the Southern area of Vietnam The bands continue to grow strongly, serving their political role and services, and play an important part in the cultural daily life of the military and the society 2.3.2 Education program At the Conservatory: Since 1975, the HCMC Conservatory of Music have provided classes for all symphonic winds and brass instruments including horns, trumpets, trombones and tubas (the tuba class underwent many difficulties due to lack of proper teachers) The Bachelor of Music program was introduced in 1981 At the Military University: Alongside fundamental musical educations on the instruments, the students also take specific ensemble courses designed to fit military band and military music to be used in all of their future services such as opening & welcoming ceremonies… Conclusion - Chapter 2: In this chapter, we study the involvement of brass instruments in social and community activities, with many creative and colorful performances 17 in a variety of genres and forms The HCMC Conservatory of Music, the HBSO, and the Military University of Culture and Art provide professional performing activities Not just in professional activities, brass instruments also contribute in cultural and religious activities Brass instruments play an important part in the compositions of composers in HCMC They give the important musical strengths and ideals which the composers are asking for in their works In music education, The HCMC Conservatory of Music and the Military University of Culture and Art are the two main pillars of providing educations for countless professional musicians, including brass musicians, for the needs of symphony orchestras as well as military bands and activities in Southern Vietnam CHAPTER 3: SOLUTIONS FOR IMPROVING PERFORMANCE TECHNIQUES OF BRASS INSTRUMENTS IN CHAMBER & SYMPHONIC MUSIC IN HO CHI MINH CITY 3.1 In music education 3.1.1 Education programs In order to improve the performance level and techniques of brass instruments, the first & foremost thing to is to add new teaching materials and syllabus into the study programs New studies for scales & arpeggios: a few notable studies and materials for brass instruments include works by R.L.Roy: “Scales & Arpeggios for 18 Trumpet”, “Scales & Arpeggios for French Horn”, “Scales & Arpeggios for Trombone”, “Scales & Arpeggios for Tuba”… Updating technical studies and artistic development: in order to train and perfect performance techniques including finger, embouchure, tonguing techniques, developing musical and rhythmical senses, new modern techniques as well as new performance styles… Enhancing chamber music and symphony orchestra courses: this is an utmost necessity Teaching every under-graduating brass student important orchestra excerpt and ensemble playing techniques; giving the students more opportunities to perform in front of the public to strengthen their performance capability… Updating teaching materials & syllabus for chamber music: improving the brass students’ chamber music skills has a direct effect on their performance capability in general, as they are trained to be more united, more understanding each other in sounds and techniques while playing together… This subject is yet to be focused on seriously at HCMC partly due to lack of adequate teaching materials Adding in foreign materials and syllabus is a necessary solution 3.1.2 Education methods After many years of observing and listening to big performances by top orchestras around the world, as well as my own 20 years of playing experience in the orchestra as a Principal Hornist, we have summarized some of the core performance techniques which the brass players are currently lacking and needs improving They include intonation, rhythmical issues, the soloistic capability in the orchestra, breathing techniques, and many more From there, we propose a list of specific 19 solutions which can help raise the level of playing and hone the performance techniques of brass players in HCMC 3.2 Extended techniques of brass instruments 3.2.1 Techniques dealing with keys and tones l Multiphonic: an extended technique on a monophonic musical instrument (one that generally produces only one note at a time) in which several notes are produced at once This applies as well for brass instruments l Glissando or bent note: a glide from one pitch to another An extended technique with which the note is bent to sharpen or flatten its usual intonation l Half-valve playing: Half-valve sounds are produced by depressing one or more valves partially, creating tones that sound muted, matte and not project very well – quite distinct from a normal sound color Depending on how deep or shallow the player presses the valve, it can create different intonations, micro-tones such as a 1/4 interval… l Growling: a technique in which the player sings with their voice into the instrument while also playing, in order to create a different sound quality and sound effect l Air tone: the player blows air into the instrument without actually producing any tone, creating an effect of wind sound 3.2.2 Techniques dealing with the tongue and the mouthpiece 20 l Flutter tonguing: a wind instrument tonguing technique in which performers flutter their tongue to make a characteristic "Frrrrr" or “Trrrrr” sound The effect varies according to the instrument and at what volume it is played, ranging from cooing sounds on a recorder to an effect similar to the growls made my Jazz players l Slap tonguing: a technique to produce a popping sound along with the note, usually done by creating suctions on the mouthpiece using the lips, tongue or embouchure, and release them l Circular breathing: a technique used in wind instruments to produce a continuous tone without interruption It is accomplished by breathing in through the nose while simultaneously pushing air out through the mouth using air stored in the cheeks l Mouthpiece playing: a modern technique in which the brass player uses only the mouthpiece, in order to create tones and special effects such as growling or alarm sounds etc Conclusion - Chapter 3: Proposing new performance techniques, new training methods and teaching syllabus such as scales & arpeggio, advanced technical studies and chamber music program into the existing education curriculums for brass instruments Making use of teaching methods to solve the limitations in performance techniques of brass players in HCMC Introducing and making use of new & extended techniques on brass instruments, including techniques for dealing with tones, breathing and dealing with tongue & mouthpiece 21 RESEARCH CONCLUSION In this research project, using historical & musicological methods, as well as the existing knowledge and experience achieved from the process of learning, teaching and performing brass instruments in chamber music and symphonic music, we study the creation and the development process of brass instruments around the world, via compositions of renowned composers & via the performance of acclaimed brass players around the world throughout the history From there, we created a fundament for approaching and studying brass instruments in chamber music and symphonic music in HCMC We study the usage of different performance techniques of brass instruments in the works of music composers in HCMC We also study their usage in the education progress of brass instruments at the HCMC Conservatory of Music as well as other music education facilities 1/ In the history of classical music, chamber & symphonic music are the forms of music which are pursued after by most major composers Brass instruments have an important role to play in the development process of these forms During the 17th century where they first appeared, until the end of the 18th century, brass instruments are mostly natural instruments with many limitations in pitch and performance techniques Thus, they are mostly used for secondary and limited roles such as accompaniments for the strings or vocals… Beethoven was the first composer to make a major change to this situation at the end of the 18th century, where he introduced the threeplayers trombone section into the orchestra, as well as new usage and purpose for the horns and trumpets Since then, the overall sound of the 22 brass section in the orchestra was improved immensely H Stolzel introduced the new valve systems at the beginning of the 19th century, help perfecting the technical playing for the trumpets and horns The Tuba was introduced around the end of the 19th century The brass section in symphony orchestra was completed 2/ Classical music and contemporary styles of music in Vietnam were the results of cultural migration into Vietnam from the west Music for wind instruments in Vietnam first appeared around the beginning of the 20th century, mostly giving service for the royal courts or for military purposes The first military band of the country was created under the baton of Đinh Ngọc Liên 3/ The success of chamber music and symphonic music in Vietnam was thanks to correct approaches and methods from the government in developing the modern culture and art Since after 1954, various talented artists and musicians were sent to study abroad in prestigious conservatories in the west Since 1956, official education institutes for the arts were built, as well as professional performing departments and units: The Vietnam Music School in 1956 (now known as the National Music Academy of Vietnam), The Vietnam Symphony Orchestra (VNSO) in 1959 There were also smaller orchestras such as the Radio orchestra, the Cinema orchestra etc 4/ At Ho Chi Minh city, since 1975, the city started to focus more on developing the new cultural and artistic life for the people In the performing profession, the Ho Chi Minh City’s Ballet and Symphony Orchestra (HBSO) of the City Opera House, and the Saigon Philharmonic Orchestra (SPO) of the Conservatory were created In music educations, the Conservatory of Music and the Military University of Culture and Art were the two main institutes for producing professional musicians 23 Brass instruments have been featuring in most of the compositions performed by these orchestras They were put into the school program of many education levels, as well as in professional education institutes 5/ HCMC features acclaimed music composers such as Quang Hải, Ca Lê Thuần, Nguyễn Văn Nam, Thế Bảo, Hoàng Cương, as well as a whole generation of younger and talented composers They together have composed a big legacy of chamber & symphonic music works, and brass instruments have featured in almost all of their works, playing an important musical role in these works The composers used the sounds and techniques of brass instruments to depict the grandeur and epic melodies of the Revolutions (Quang Hải); to picture the broad and vast skyline of the southern land, the sincere emotion and beauty of the southern woman and mother (Nguyễn Văn Nam); combining and making use of new playing techniques and modern rhythmical feels for brass instruments (Hoàng Cương), etc 6/ In music education, the HCMC Conservatory of Music and the Military University of Culture and Art have been producing generations of professional brass players, giving their service to symphony orchestras and / or military wind bands in the south, with classically design curriculums and study programs for all levels 7/ In order to raise the playing and performing level of brass instruments in symphonic & chamber music in HCMC, it is crucial to introduce new and additional teaching materials and syllabus such as: new scales & arpeggio studies, advanced technical studies, new materials for chamber music and symphony orchestra courses; exercises for intonation, rhythmical, listening and sight-reading skills… Introducing and teaching new & extended techniques for brass instruments is also an important part in raising the performance level for our brass students and musicians 24 8/ Nowadays, contemporary composers are making more use of the rhythmical and coloring prowess of brass instruments rather than melodical or harmonical capability In order to catch up to this new trend of the music world, it is crucial for the HCMC Conservatory and the Military University of Art to update these new techniques into their education program Recommendations In order to push forward the development of brass instruments in chamber & symphonic music in HCMC, we would like to recommend the following: 1/ Enhance & improve facilities for professional education and performance 2/ Frequently update new education programs and materials 3/ Promote more educational and performing exchanges with foreign orchestras and education institutes abroad 4/ Creating more opportunities for talented brass students and musicians to study abroad in foreign conservatories 5/ Improve and increase wages for professional musicians Direction for future research In the future, we could expand the research to a bigger topic, featuring other wind instruments and other sections in the symphony orchestra; go deeper into specific fields (for example music composing); or focus on comparing between brass instruments and other instruments in chamber & symphonic music, between chamber & symphonic music in Vietnam and from other areas and continents around the world PUBLISHED PROJECTS Brass instruments in the symphony orchestra, Magazine of Culture and Resources, No.3(19) - 2019, page 41-47, HCMC University of Culture Extended techniques of brass instruments in chamber music - symphonic music, Magazine of Culture & Art, No.433 - 2020, page 54 - 57, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism ... such as Quang Hải, Nguyễn Văn Nam, Ca Lê Thuần, Hồng Cương, Võ Đăng Tín… and also younger composers such as Trần Vương Thạch, Trần Thanh Hà, Vũ Việt Anh, Nguyễn Mạnh Duy Linh, Trần Đinh Lăng, …... composition In order to build a strong musical development in Vietnam, it is crucial for each musician, as well as each music education system, to be very clear of their own strong & weak points, to be... and better performance styles & techniques from all over the world Therefore, we came to the topic for this project: “Brass instruments in chamber music and symphony orchestra in Ho Chi Minh City”