management and operations ASSIGNMENT 1

ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET Qualification BTEC Level HND Diploma in Business Unit number and title Unit 4: Management and Operations (488) Submission date Date received (1st submission) Re-submission date Date received (2nd submission) Student names & codes Final scores Signatures Group number: Class Assessor name Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice P1 P2 P3 M1 M2 M3 D1 OBSERVATION RECORD Student Description of activity undertaken Assessment & grading criteria How the activity meets the requirements of the criteria Student signature: Date: Assessor signature: Date: Assessor name: Student Description of activity undertaken Assessment & grading criteria How the activity meets the requirements of the criteria Student signature: Date: Assessor signature: Date: Assessor name: Student Description of activity undertaken Assessment & grading criteria P2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational contexts : In fact, leadership and management are two separate and complementary modes of action Each type has its own specific functions and activities, and they are all necessary to create a successful administrator when the business environment is increasingly complex and easy to change Good leadership but poor management is no different (or sometimes worse) poor leadership and good management The functions of managers and the role of leaders makes the organization work in the desired direction towards the fulfillment of the objectives of the organization There are various functions of management as well as different traits and style of leadership which help in the proper functioning of the functions of management Toyota Plc, is facing the situation where the prices of the fuel, material and equipment are increasing on a rapid phase and in such situation it the effective implementation of the functions of management and the skills of leaders to plan and implement such strategies which can handle the cost of manufacture to increase the sales and revenue of the company There are several theories of management which implied with the leadership skills make the company grow its operations The operational management department of Toyota Plc, focuses on the management theories and combine the efforts of leaders to cut down the cost of manufacture The contemporary theory of management is applied by Toyota Plc, to deal with the current situation of the increased cost of the purchase and production The managers can plan the strategies such as selection of suppliers who can provide the raw material at lower cost The leaders in Toyota Plc, use their trait to motivate the employees to adopt advance technologies in order to lower the cost of manufacturing and eliminate the resistance to change among the employees through creating an environment of trust with the effective communication skills Management by objective is the theory which focuses on the combined efforts of the managers and the employees for the accomplishment of the goals The managers work with the employees and set the standards of the performance and the leaders delegate the duties to the employees so that they are motivated to perform their task best Classical management theory is applied in Toyota Plc, where the managers make the policies to enhance the productivity The managers have developed the strategy known as KAIZEN in which the efforts of the management and staff are continuous to improve the production activities and here the participative style of leadership can be applied so that the input of both the workers and managers in the decision regarding reducing the cost and improve the production Behavioral theory of management is applied in Toyota Plc and the managers follow the policies which take into consideration the skills and abilities of the employees and the leaders use the transformational style of leadership where the leaders communicate with the employees and the policies are defined to the employees in an effective way (McCann, 2011) Contingency theory focuses the change in the strategies according to the changes in the situations The leaders play an important role in which they influence the employees to bring changes in the operations in order to meet the challenges prevailing in the market The managers of Toyota Plc considered the reasons of the increased cost of manufacture and applied the theory to implement some changes in the operational activities to bring down the high prices of the materials and equipment received from the suppliers and according they changed the policies of the company in production and operation department Functional difference: Managing is dealing with trouble, and Leadership is dealing with change Managing is the job of dealing with troubles The rules and methods of management are mostly created to solve the chaos and disorganization that are likely to occur in large organizations appearing in the twentieth century And undeniable results, good business management can create order and consistency in terms of personnel, production and revenue growth In contrast, leadership is the job of coping with change The more volatile the business environment and the more intense the competition becomes, the more important leadership is That's because companies cannot stay the same when the technology revolution is booming, resources are scarce, talent is more difficult to choose where to join, business direction in a different direction to ensure effective business This difference can be considered like two manners in the military A peacetime army will have a leader at the highest level, and throughout the system, only need good governance and management But a wartime army requires good leadership at all levels, but cannot "manage the soldiers" outside the battlefield What are the three different functions that lead to three distinctive activities between Management and Leadership? Whether managers or leaders, they need to complete three tasks: decide what to do, establish human networks and relationships that serve the goals and ensure that those people complete their work well # # Companies will manage problems first by planning - setting future goals (usually in the next month, quarter or year), developing detailed steps to accomplish goals, then assign personnel to implement those plans On the contrary, leading an organization to change in a beneficial way begins with orienting - building a vision (often in the distant future) and changing strategies to make that vision a reality # Management enhances the ability to implement the plan by organizing and staffing - creating an organizational structure and job positions to meet the requirements of the plan, the work assignment and monitor implementation On the contrary, leadership focuses on regulating people, that is, exchanging new directions with individuals who are capable of doing so # Finally, management ensures the completion of the plan through control and problem solving - using reports, meetings and tools to determine the standard deviation between results and plans and then finding solution For leaders, creating a vision must be through motivating and inspiring people - by evoking their needs, values and emotions Let's compare each of the above specific activities in turn Orientation vs Planning Many people often confuse orientation and planning or even long-term planning, but in reality it is not Planning is a management process, interpretative and designed to bring order, not change And the orientation is more inductive Leaders often collect data in a wide range and then find the rules, relationships and links that help explain them Therefore, the orientation creates perspectives and strategies, not plans " Perspectives and strategies are not necessarily too new or at a too macro level There are many effective business prospects that everyone knows, combined with a few new things about the content or form.” • For example, when CEO Jan Carlzon outlined the prospect of turning Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) into the best airline in the world for business travelers, what he said was nothing new to anyone who is in the aviation industry Businessmen are willing to spend large sums of money on their frequent flights; and focusing on this target customer can bring good business results But in an industry known for bureaucracy, that idea has never been matched by any company and is determined to implement it SAS was the first airline to that, and they succeeded One of the common mistakes of "over-management, lack of leadership" businesses is that they see long-term planning as a panacea, which can solve all problems that arise in the future But the reality is against them When things go wrong, the plan must be redone very effort and time Therefore, most successful corporations usually limit the shortest planning time possible The great thing is that perspectives and strategies help short-term planning Without them, businesses will have to plan for every possible situation and the backup will last infinitely There will be no other time and effort focused on practical action As such, a stable planning process is a useful tool to monitor orientation activities; and a steady orientation process will provide the focus for the plan to be implemented in practice Adjusting people vs Organization and personnel arrangement An important feature of modern businesses is the interdependence, where no one has complete autonomy, and most employees are linked by work, technology, management systems, and so on degree However, when businesses change, these bonds will create obstacles, unless many individuals agree to move in a certain direction If business managers only know how to manage without leadership knowledge, they will consider this to be a matter of organizational structure But what really needs to be done is to regulate people The reorganization of the management personnel system is similar to architectural decisions - a problem of being able to fit in a specific context This process requires businesses to select appropriate employment structures, reporting relationships, training and personal arrangements, develop monitoring mechanisms, etc and dozens of complex decisions other Adjusting people is different It is more about communication challenges than design issues Adjustments require leaders to speak with many people - not only subordinates but also superiors, colleagues, other department employees as well as suppliers, customers and government officials Anyone who can help or hinder the process of implementing the perspective and strategy is worth paying attention to Passive work according to the intention of arranging the personnel structure of managers makes them tend to sit there, unable to stand up to change even when they have the right awareness The most common reasons might be "Doing so against company policy" or "Don't complain, follow your boss's orders." Human tuning helps to overcome this problem by empowering people in at least two ways When the new direction is announced in the business, lower-level employees can start work immediately without worrying about being reprimanded for doing something wrong with the boss, as long as the behavior does not go against the perspective Again, because everyone is aiming for the same goal, there is rarely a disagreement about the idea • The story of Chuck Trowbridge and photocopier Eastman Kodak is a typical example of the effect of human adjustment on leadership Chuck took over as general manager when the company was in trouble and all employees could not agree on a solution After giving a simple perspective, Chuck spent a lot of time and enthusiasm to meet key staff and use a variety of methods to convey the message to all 1500 employees: focus meetings, periodic meetings, written communication such as internal magazines and sentences Ask anonymously, place business results charts everywhere, The message gets more and more support and the company grows quickly Motivation vs Control and problem solving If orientation helps determine the right path and adjustments help move people along that path, creating motivation will ensure they have enough energy to overcome obstacles According to the management logic, the control mechanism will compare the actual action with the plan to detect errors (if any) immediately for timely correction Management processes must always be as safe and risk-free as possible, so they cannot rely on unusual or difficult-to-achieve factors The purpose of strict management and control is to help ordinary people with normal behaviors to accomplish their daily work well - a purpose that is not interesting or attractive Leadership is different Reaching great perspectives requires an explosion of energy People will be more energetic when satisfied basic personal needs such as success, recognition, self-esteem, feeling of ownership, - which are the results of the creation process motivation As the change dominates the business environment more and more, all employees need to be motivated to work and develop leadership When doing that, there will be many individuals in the business holding many leadership roles at the same time Instead of giving orders and controlling, motivate employees This is valuable because any complex business dealing with change needs initiative from all positions throughout the hierarchy • Let's look at an example of Richard Nicolosi and success in Procter & Gamble's paper unit (P&G) When he became general manager, he immediately took the new direction of strengthening teamwork and diverse leadership In accordance with the organizational perspective in which "each of us is a leader", he and his team have appointed themselves as "assemblies" and "commodity groups" in the unit As a result, people are motivated to be more creative and success is contributed right from the lowest-level employees How to apply the difference between Leadership and Management in enterprises? It is a fact that not everyone can be good at both leadership and management skills Some people have the ability to become excellent managers but not able to lead effectively Others have leadership potential but for some reasons it is difficult to manage Understanding the basic differences and different applications of these two skills, an entrepreneur can re-examine and change himself Choosing one of the two governance trends, or balancing both flexibly according to the actual situation, can bring positive results for the business At the same time, this distinction also helps companies in developing a strategy of selecting and training employees for executive positions Good companies value both types of people and find ways to recruit them into the team It is impossible to create perfect leaders and managers, but the business can shape the most talented employees who can take on both roles P3.Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership and systems leadership that can affect operations management in Toyota Plc Situational leadership refers to the type of leadership where the style of leadership depends upon the skills and capabilities of the employees fro who the leaders are required to influence for the completion of the task The operations management of Toyota Plc can be affected with this kind of leadership as the leaders adopt different styles of leadership on different situations The present situation of the company where the company is facing the issues of the increased cost, situational leadership can play a major role in the following situation Systems leadership as applied in Toyota Plc, the leaders control the workings of the employees and communicate the situations of the company and make the employees to work according to the needs of the company such as Toyota Plc need to make changes in the operations of the company and implement those strategies for fulfillment of KAIZEN and let the employees operational department improve the activities related to the manufacture of the cars in low cost The management of objective plays an important role in sorting the operational issues by sharing the decision making process with the employees and the expertise are combined of the managers and the employees for the fulfillment of the task The management by object approach can bring motivation among the employees with the feeling that they are being valued in the organization and this can bring efficiency in their working The chaos theory focuses on the changes that prevail in the market and the leaders and the manager’s response to the changes accordingly and make the organization work in that direction REFERENCES Rurel, C.C 2013, "The role of managers and of communication inside the companies", Lucrari Stiintifice : Zootehnie si Biotehnologii, vol 46, no 2, pp 424-427 A.V, S & N.S, M 2012, "MODEL AND FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE", Sovremennye Issledovaniâ Social?nyh Problem, , no DuBrin, A (2012) Essentials of Management 9th ed Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning, US Anna Vital (2014) How Bill Gates started – infographic Biography, Available at: https://blog.adioma.com/how-bill-gates-started-infographic/ Anupindi, Ravi, Sunil Chopra, Sudhakar D Deshmukh, Jan A Van Mieghem, and Eitan Zemel Managing Business Process Flows: Principles of Operations Management Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006 Davis, Mark M., Nicholas J Aquilano, and Richard B Chase Fundamentals of Operations Management 3rd ed Boston: Irwin McGraw-Hill, 1999 Finch, Byron Operations Now 2nd ed., Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2006 Rainbird, Mark "A Framework for Operations Management: The Value Chain." International Journal of Operations and Production Management 34, no 3/4 (2004): 337–345 Raturi, Amitabh, and James R Evans Principles of Operations Management Mason, OH: Thomson Southwestern, 2005 https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=gE720_Mxo VQ ... LO1: Differentiate between the role of a leader and the function of a manager P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager 1. 1 Define of Manager and. .. between management and leadership: Analyze the close link between leadership and management and critically explain why a successful business requires both effective management and leaders Management. .. Academic Year: Unit Assessor: Unit 4: Management and Operations (488) 2 019 Assignment Title: Issue Date: ASSIGNMENT 1- Management and leadership Submission Date: Internal Verifier Name: Date: Submission