Tài hiệu tổng hợp các chuyên đề từ vựng, ngữ pháp, phát âm bám sát ma trận đề thi TN THPT của BGD trong nhữn năm gần đây. Kiến thức chủ yếu tập trung mức độ vừa sức cho học sinh trung bình, bổ sung một số nội dung nâng cao cho học sinh khá giỏi.
TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2019 MÔN TIẾNG ANH MỤC LỤC Tuần Tiết 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Nội dung Pronunciation + Vocabulary: You and me Verb tenses (basic) Tag questions Passive voice Comparative and Double comparative Mock test Pronunciation + Vocabulary: Education Verb tenses (Adverbial clauses of time) Gerunds and infinitives Passive voice (reporting verbs) Prepositions Mock test Pronunciation + Vocabulary: Community Reported speech Modal verbs Word formation Relative clauses Mock test Pronunciation + Vocabulary: Nature Reported speech with V-ing/to infinitive Subject and verb agreements Articles Phrasal verbs Mock test Pronunciation + Vocabulary: Recreation + People and places Conditional sentences Common structures Connectors Conversation completion Mock test Appendix 1: Consolidation Appendix 2: Phrasal verbs Appendix 3: Inversion Appendix 4: Cloze text Appendix 5: Reading comprehension Trang 12 16 21 25 29 32 36 40 44 48 52 55 60 64 69 72 75 80 84 88 93 97 103 111 113 116 125 Date: _/ _/ _ Period Week PRONUNCIATION VOCABULARY: YOU AND ME A PRONUNCIATION Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others A feelings B brothers C weekends D parents A decided B helped C cooked D stopped A formed B eliminated C improved D encouraged A sectors B leftovers C biologists D centenarians A arrives B laughs C likes D helps A missed B dissolved C watched D sacrificed A served B wrapped C phoned D rained A performed B neglected C approved D concerned A equipped B laughed C learned D placed 10 A eliminates B requires C daunts D likes 11 A charity B architect C chemistry D mechanic 12 A child B chemistry C chill D teacher 13 A machine B cheap C teacher D child 14 A honor B honest C rhythm D inhale 15 A hungry B heat C hand D exhibition Choose the word that has a different stressed syllable from the others 16 A agree B altar C confide 17 A pressure B secure C attract 18 A ancestor B argument C impolite 19 A attention B disagree C establish 20 A appreciate B acceptable C information D oblige D precede D partnership D supportive D obedient B VOCABULARY Give the Vietnamese meaning of the following words acceptable: (adj) maintain: (v) agree ≠ disagree: (v) mature: (a) altar: (n) marriage: (n) ancestor: (n) mischievous: (adj) appropriate: (adj) make ends meet: (idm) argument: (n) make sure: (v) attract one’s attention: (v) non-verbal ≠ verbal: (adj) appreciate: (v) obedient: (adj) sense of humour: (n) oblige: (v) bride ≠ groom: (n) partnership: (n) caring: (adj) precede: (v) close-knit: (adj) pressure: (n) concerned with: (adj) reject: (v) confide in: (v) rude: (adj) encourage: (v) respect: (v) formal ≠ informal: (adj) sacrifice: (v) impolite ≠ polite: (adj) secure: (adj) join hands: (v) supportive: (adj) leftovers: (n) bring up: (v) Choose the word or the phrase that best completes the sentence Most of us _ hands to make our school clean and green A connect B give C share D join _ sure that you follow the instructions carefully A Believe B Try C Do D Make Angela wants to be a doctor She likes working with people and the idea of working in _ profession A caring B helping C willing D comforting My new neighborhood is nice and more _ than my old one I can walk alone late at night A formal B secure C appropriate D verbal My sister often feels exhausted because her children are always active and _ A obedient B close-knit C mischievous D supportive When I was young I used to take the _ for looking after my younger brothers A responsibility B responsible C response D responsibly Many American men agree that wives and husbands should _ in each others A share B confide C rely D discuss Waving hand is one way to _ one’s attention A attract B reject C agree D oblige My aunt _ all her life to the family and her children A accompanied B preceded C sacrificed D confided 10 _, Asian students agree that a husband is obliged to tell his wife where he has been if he comes home late A Significant B Signify C Signification D Significantly 11 Chris is my close friend He’s always _ to help me whenever I have a problem A willing B great C responsible D available 12 The important feature of their success is the _ relationship with the other firms A caring B secure C verbal D close-knit 13 Everyone love little John because he is always _ A acceptable B obedient C impolite D mischievous 14 She was very _ during her father’s illness A concerned B supportive C acceptable D non-verbal 15 Americans and Asians have very _ ideas about love and marriage A differ B different C difference D differently Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) 16 We always split the housework equally - my mom cooks, my dad cleans the house and I the washing-up A join B break C share D pick up 17 Professor Berg was very interested in the diversity of cultures all over the world A variety B changes C conservation D number 18 In spite of poverty, we manage to raise our children properly A give up B go up C make up D bring up 19 Together, all of these treatments are supposed to cleanse your body and stimulate your immune system A encourage B generate C increase D expand 20 Gary didn't always see eye to eye with his father, and this is where the honesty shows through A agree with B be truthful with C look up to D take after Choose the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) 21 Miss Walker was a mature lady when she married A annoyed B childish C energetic D sensitive 22 We try to create an atmosphere of comfort and security for our children A safety B harmony C danger D shelter 23 I was really depressed about his winning the election, like a lot of people A fed up B pessimistic C satisfied D unhappy 24 We greatly respect my teacher for all of the best things that she brought to us A look up to B look forwards C look for D look down on 25 I look up to my father for my whole life because he has great influence on me A depend on B disapprove C disrespect D underestimate * SELF-STUDY Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others A plants B animals C seasons D trees A equipped B laughed C learned D practiced A eliminates B requires C daunts D likes A installs B maintains C rejects D confides A booked B liked C stopped D moved A school B chemistry C character D champion A chaos B chair C church D future A hemisphere B holiday C honest D history A hurt B however C honor D health 10 A rhythm B comprehension C rehearse D horror Choose the word or the phrase that best completes the sentence In my village, many people still believe in _ marriage – the parents decide on the marriage A romantic B contractual C appropriate D obedient A _ is a person who study about living creatures A biology B biological C biologist D biologically Boys are often more _ than girls are A activity B actively C active D action As a child, I often came to my neighbors’ to collect _ for the pigs three times a week A remains B garbage C waste D leftovers To attract someone’s attention, we can use either verbal or non-verbal forms of _ A communicate B communication C communicative D communicant After ten years of _ they got divorced A marriage B friendship C work D love Good friendship should be based on _ understanding A exchanged B common C mutual D uncertain I can’t stand people with no _ of humor A ability B keenness C spirit D sense Although we are close friends, I have found out that we have very little in _ A common B together C share D particular 10 There is a growing tendency among singers to _ some famous singers A imitate B follow C reflect D pursue Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) 11 Accessing facebook too much seems to be common among teenagers nowadays A popular B extreme C ordinary D possible 12 I and my close friend have known each other so well that there can be no suspicions bewteen us A trusts B doubts C qualities D rumours 13 Those who are easily influenced by rumours can never be good friends A attracted B lasted C trusted D affected Choose the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) 14 The journey to the art museum was a humdrum experience to me I didn’t remember a lot about it A memorable B forgettable C terrified D embarrassing 15 The film was quite dull, so I fell asleep a number of times A boring B exciting C unforgettable D terrifying Date: _/ _/ _ Period Week VERB TENSES Notes: Choose the word or the phrase that best completes the sentence Christopher Columbus _ American more than 500 years ago A discovered B has discovered C had discovered D had been discovering Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They _ A is yelling B are yelling C yells D yell His father _ twenty short stories so far A has written B writes C wrote D write John _ tennis once or twice a week A usually play B is usually playing C usually plays D have usually played I _ to the market with my mother yesterday A go B went C have gone D was going Her family _ to America before 1975 A went B have gone C had gone D would go “Hurry up! What’s taking you so long?” – “I _ for an important phone call Go ahead and leave without me.” A wait B am waiting C was waiting D has been waiting We _ what to with the money yet A not decide B haven’t decided C didn’t decide D hadn’t decided I _ the film with my friends last week A watched B watch C have watched D had watched 10 Scientists in the world _ a lot of things to fight AIDS since 1980 A had done B have done C did D are doing 11 They _ to know each other for more than ten years A get B got C have got D had got 12 I have never played badminton before This is the first time I _ to play A try B tried C have tried D am trying 13 Look at those black clouds in the sky It _ A is going to rain B going to rain C will rain D is raining 14 “Would you like to go to the pop concert?” _ “Thanks, but I _ it already.” A had seen B have been seeing C have seen D did see 15 She _ a speech at the conference next week A makes B was making C is making D made 16 Louise, why _ your dirty coffee mug on my desk? It's really irritating A are you always leaving B you always leave C you are always leaving D always leave 17 You _ me for money Ask somebody else A have always asked B are always asked C are always asking D always ask 18 Our newest franchise _ in two months, so we need to start hiring new employees A would open B will open C has open D is opened 19 Titanic is the best film I’ve ever seen I _ it seven times A had watched B am watching C watched D have watched 20 Due to ever more spreading poaching, there _ a dramatic decline in the number of elephants over the last decade A was B is C has been D had been Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions 21 In a break-in last week, the burglar has taken all my jewelry but left the picture A B C D 22 She fell into the river but fortunately we can rescue her A B C D 23 The population increases rapidly in Vietnam nowadays, according to a new survey A B C D 24 As a result of inflation, the price of new cars rised dramatically over the last few months A B C D 25 Americans found themselves with less free time over the past few decades even A B C though they are earning more money D Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions 26 He started learning French six years ago A He has learned French for six years B It was six years ago did he start learning French C He hasn't learnt French for six years D It is six years since he has learnt French 27 The last time I went to the museum was a year ago A I have not been to the museum for a year B A year ago, I often went to the museum C My going to the museum lasted a year D At last I went to the museum after a year 28 I have not met her for three years A The last time I met her was three years ago B It is three years when I will meet her C I did not meet her three years ago D During three years, I met her once 29 My father hasn’t smoked cigarettes for a month A It’s a month since my father last smoked cigarettes B It’s a month that my father hasn’t smoked cigarette C It’s a month ago that my father smoked cigarettes D It’s a cigarette that my father smoked a month ago 30 Mr Brown bought this car five years ago A It is five years since Mr Brown bought this car B It has been five years when Mr Brown bought this car C Mr Brown has had this car since five years D Mr Brown started to buy this car five years ago * SELF-STUDY Choose the word or the phrase that best completes the sentence It is noisy next door Our neighbours _ a party A have B were having C are having D has We _ English this time last week A learned B were learning C have learned D had learned Her family _ to America before 1975 A went B have gone C had gone D would go Look! That man _ to open the door of your car A try B tried C is trying D tries You _ the windows open at night Close them right away A have always left B always leave C always left D are always leaving It _ him three months to be able to run a mile a year ago A takes B take C took D to take The house was very quiet when I got home Everybody _ straight to bed A had gone B have gone C went D go We _ Doris since last Sunday A don't see B haven't seen C didn't see D hadn't seen This is the first time I _ here A am B have been C was D be 10 Water _ most of the Earth's surface A covers B cover C covering D covered 11 In the last ten years, we _ some important achievements A have achieved B had achieved C were achieved D achieved 12 My dad _ jokes They are usually rubbish, though A is always tells B is always telling C always tells D always tell Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions 13 They have not visited their parents for three months A The last time they visited their parents was three months ago B It is three months when they visit their parents C I did not visit their parents three months ago D During three months, they visited their parents 14 She started work three months ago A It is three months since she started work B She had been working for three months C She is working here for three months now D It’s three months that she worked for 15 His career as a television presenter began five years ago A He has been a television presenter for five years B He began to present a television five years ago C He has been worked as a television presenter for five years D He has presented a television reporter for five years Date: _/ _/ _ Period Week TAG QUESTIONS Notes: 10 for my parents or my teachers The satisfaction I got was entirely personal Some people fear going back to school because they worry that their brains have got rusty But the joy is that, although some parts have rusted up, your brain has learnt all kinds of other things since you were young It has learnt to think independently and flexibly and is much better at relating one thing to another What you lose in the rust department, you gain in the maturity department In some ways, age is a positive plus For instance, when you’re older, you get less frustrated Experience has told you that, if you’re calm and simply something carefully again and again, eventually you’ll get the hang of it The confidence you have in other areas – from being able to drive a car, perhaps – means that if you can’t, say, build a chair instantly, you don’t, like a child, want to destroy your first pathetic attempts Maturity tells you that you will, with application, eventually get there I hated piano lessons at school, but I was good at music And coming back to it, with a teacher who could explain why certain exercises were useful and with musical concepts that, at the age of ten, I could never grasp, was magical Initially, I did feel a bit strange, thumping out a piece that I’d played for my school exams, with just as little comprehension of what the composer intended as I’d had all those years before But soon, complex emotions that I never knew poured out from my fingers, and suddenly I could understand why practice makes perfect What is the writer’s main purpose in the passage? A To encourage adult learning B To show how fast adult learning is C To explain reasons for learning D To describe adult learning methods All of the following are true about adult learning EXCEPT _ A young people usually feel less patient than adults B experience in doing other things can help one’s learning C adult learners have fewer advantages than young learners D adults think more independently and flexibly than young people In paragraph 3, the word “rusty” means _ A not as good as it used to be through lack of practice B impatient because of having nothing to C staying alive and becoming more active D covered with rust and not as good as it used to be While doing some adult learning courses at a college, the writer was surprised _ A to have more time to learn B to be able to learn more quickly C to feel learning more enjoyable D to get on better with the tutor It is implied in the last paragraph that when you learn later in life, you _ A are not able to concentrate as well as when you were younger B find that you can recall a lot of things you learnt when younger C should expect to take longer to learn than when you were younger D can sometimes understand more than when you were younger TEST Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions 129 Perhaps it was his own lack of adequate schooling that inspired Horace Mann to work so hard for the important reforms in education that he accomplished While he was still a boy, his father and older brother died, and he became responsible for supporting his family Like most of the children in his town, he attended school only two or three months a year Later, with the help of several teachers, he was able to study law and became a member of the Massachusetts bar, but he never forgot those early struggles While serving in Massachusetts legislature, he signed a historic education bill that set up a state board of education Without regret, he gave up his successful legal practice and political career to become the first secretary of the board There he exercised an enormous influence during the critical period of reconstruction that brought into existence the American graded elementary school as substitute for the older distinct school system Under his leadership, the curriculum was restructured, the school year was increased to a minimum of six months, and mandatory schooling was extended to age sixteen Other important reforms included the establishment of state normal schools for teacher training, institutes for in-service teacher education, and lyceums for adult education He was also instrument in improving salaries for teachers and creating school libraries Mann’s ideas about school reform were developed and distributed in twelve annual reports to the state of Massachusetts that he wrote during his tenure as secretary of education Considered quite radical at the time, the Massachusetts reforms later served as a model for the nation Mann was recognized as the father of public education Which is the main idea of the passage? A The Father of American Public Education B Philosophy of Education C The Massachusetts State Board of Education D Politics of Educational Institutions Among Mann's school reforms, which of the following is NOT MENTIONED? A Restructuring curriculum Β Schools for teacher training C Lyceums for adult education D Creating museums The word “struggles” in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A valuable experiences Β happy situations C influential people D difficult times It is stated in the passage that _ A Mann's educational reforms were distributed in speeches that he made throughout the country B Horace Mann supported his family after his father died C Horace Mann advocated the state board school system D The reforms that Horace Mann achieved were used only by the state of Massachusetts It can be inferred from passage that Mann’s philosophy is to _ A think in a new way Β help others C study very hard D work hard TEST Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions Marriage nowadays is a choice people make on their own, but this has not always been the case in society Thousands of years ago, the average lifespan was shorter than it is today A 130 man usually lived until he was about 40 years old, while women died even sooner because of childbirth There were many wars and illnesses, and people had to protect themselves by having more children while they were still young The parents lived through their children Marriage was not so much a romantic love story but a business transaction, or deal Most marriages were arranged between parents while their children were still very young It was the custom that the fathers made the decision on whom their children were going to marry The mothers had little say in it since they rarely made any decisions outside the household The fathers would meet to arrange the wedding date and the money given for the bride on her wedding date The more money and land a girl had, the more chances she had to marry well Therefore, it was important that her father choose the bridegroom very well Usually, it was someone who came from a good family or who was rich too It was very unlikely that people married outside their social class A few well-off and rich merchants got to marry poorer noblewomen and became King’s business advisors In a way, poor peasants had an easier choice as it was less important whom they married The practice of arranged marriage is still common in some countries in the Middle East, such as India or Pakistan Here, social classes are still strongly divided and very wellkept Often, however, arranged marriages are a sign that people not want to let go of the past, which gives them comfort and security in an ever-changing world (Adapted from Longman Essence Reading, Vol 2) What does the passage mainly discuss? A Marriage as a business transaction today B Mothers' roles in their children's marriage C Marriage practices in modern society D The practice of arranged marriage The word "it" in paragraph refers to _ A the average lifespan B a choice C society According to paragraph 2, richer girls were more likely to _ A become noblewomen D marriage B marry well C succeed in business D marry peasants The author mentions all of the following in the passage EXCEPT _ A People tended to marry outside their social class B Men made almost all decisions inside the family C Marriage used to be a deal between two families D The wedding date was decided by the fathers The phrase "let go of" in paragraph mostly mean _ A give up B turn off C save up D give in TEST Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions Ever since humans inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words, and ideas Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot 131 Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings The word "these" in paragraph refers to _ A tourists B the deaf and the mute C thoughts and feelings D sign language motions All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _ A there are many forms of communication in existence today B verbalization is the most common form of communication C the deaf and mute use an oral form of communication D ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by body language The word “wink” in the second paragraph means most nearly the same as _ A close one eye briefly B close two eyes briefly C shake the head from side to side D bob the head up and down People need to communicate in order to _ A create language barriers B keep from reading with their fingertips C be picturesque and exact D express thoughts and feelings What is the best title for the passage? A The Important of Sign Language B The Forms of Communication C Ways of Expressing Feelings D Picturesque Symbols of Communication TEST Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions Fiction is the writing of a story or text that is not true It can be written in the form of either poetry or prose Poetry is a style of writing in which short lines form verses Often, words at the end of these lines rhyme, like “bed” and “red” We call a group of verses about one subject a “poem” Prose writing does not have verses, nor does it rhyme It uses sentences and paragraphs Prose is used in magazine articles, newspaper stories, short stories, and books Prose fiction has existed since ancient times, but most early fiction was actually written as poetry Scholars disagree about the date of the first prose fiction book, or novel Some scholars classify fictional stories from ancient Greece and Rome as the early novels Others claim there were novels in Asia as early as the th century These early novels were mostly short adventure stories about fictional characters In Europe, prose fiction began to seriously challenge poetry in the 16 th century A Spanish author, Cervantes, wrote Europe’s first prose novel in the early 1600s However, longer novels, like Cervantes’s Don Quixote, did not become very popular until the 1700s By that time, there were more printing presses, and more people knew how to read In addition, more people had money to buy these books Today, the vast majority of fiction is written in prose than in poetry Which is the main idea of the passage? A The time when prose fiction challenged poetry B The argument among scholars about the date of the first novel C The history of prose fiction 132 D Definition of prose fiction According to paragraph 1, prose is used in the following EXCEPT _ A romance B magazine articles C newspaper stories D books The word “classify” in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A teach B learn C call D write The word “Others” in paragraph refers to _ A Scholars B Cervantes C verses D stories It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the date of the earliest known novel _ A has not been around since ancient times B is the sixteenth century C is not easy to determine D has been very popular since long ago TEST Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions Even before the turn of the century, movies began to develop in two major directions: the realistic and the formalistic Realism and formalism are merely general, rather than absolute terms When used to suggest a tendency toward either polarity, such labels can be helpful, but in the end they are still just labels Few films are exclusively formalist in style, and fewer yet are completely realist There is also an important difference between realism and reality, although this distinction is often forgotten Realism is a particular style, whereas physical reality is the source of all the raw materials of film, both realistic and formalistic Virtually all movie directors go to the photographable world for their subject matter, but what they with this material- how they shape and manipulate it- determines their stylistic emphasis Generally speaking, realistic films attempt to reproduce the surface of concrete reality with a minimum of distortion In photographing objects and events, the filmmaker tries to suggest the copiousness of life itself Both realist and formalist film directors must select (and hence emphasize) certain details from the chaotic sprawl or reality But the element of selectivity in realistic films is less obvious Realists, in short, try to preserve the illusion that their film world is unmanipulated, an objective mirror of the actual world Formalists, on the other hand, make no such pretense They deliberately stylize and distort their raw materials so that only the very naive would mistake a manipulated image of an object or event for the real thing We rarely notice the style in a realistic movie; the artist tends to be self-effacing Some filmmakers are more concerned with what is being shown than how it is manipulated The camera is used conservatively It is essentially a recording mechanism that reproduces the surface of tangible objects with as little commentary as possible A high premium is placed on simplicity, spontaneity and directness This is not to suggest that these movies lack artistry, however, for as its best the realistic cinema specializes in art that conceals art Which is the main idea of the passage? A Styles of filmmaking B Acting styles C Film plots D Filmmaking 100 years ago Which of the following terms is NOT MENTIONED to describe realism in filmmaking? A Exaggerated B Spontaneous C Self-effacing D Simple The word “preserve” in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ 133 A encourage B reflect C attain D maintain The word “they” in paragraph refers to _ A directors B materials C movies D labels It can be inferred from the first paragraph that most films are _ A outdated terms B more popular than formalistic ones C less artistic than realistic ones D neither exclusively realistic nor formalistic TEST Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions American music, in most of its various forms, can be traced back to the music of the earliest African- Americans Even though these Americans came here under the worst of circumstances, they still brought with them traditions, and developed new traditions of their own, that have grown into what is recognized around the world today as American music Musicians, like other artists, are usually quick to give credit where credit is due Just as a writer quotes his sources, a musician credits those musicians who inspired him In the case of the early African - Americans that is not always easy Many of the slaves who brought musical traditions from Africa will never be known by name No one wrote their history Many of the slaves who sang work songs in the fields will never be known by name No one wrote their history either However, there is a lot that we know The first well-recognized form of African-American music was spirituals Spirituals are religious songs They are songs that tell a story or express emotions Spirituals have a strong rhythm They are often sung by a group, sometimes with a leader who sings a line or two alone and a chorus that sings the refrain Spirituals originated in the Southern United States Spirituals sung by slaves often expressed the hope for freedom that was so important in their lives Well know spirituals include "Go Down Moses," "Deep River, " and "Swing Low Sweet Chariot." After slavery ended, spirituals began to spread to other parts of the United States Harry Thacker Burleigh was one of the first singers to perform spirituals on stage in a concert Marian Anderson, well known for her classical singing, helped spirituals to gain a wider audience too Spirituals influenced the development of another well-known form of American music - the blues The blues were a more individual style of music than spirituals Blues were often sung solo, and sometimes they were accompanied by guitar music As the name suggests, the blues were often about sadness and facing troubles However, the blues could also be funny, positive, and even defiant One blues singer, loved for her strong, beautiful voice, was Bessie Smith Another early blues musician was w C Handy Handy was not only a musician, he also wrote music, promoted concerts, and published blues songs During the time that the blues were spreading across the country, another style of music was also quickly gaining in popularity Ragtime was energetic music with a complicated, syncopated beat Often played on the piano, ragtime was the latest and most sophisticated in American popular music The best-known ragtime musician was probably Scott Joplin, who wrote many hit ragtime pieces for the piano including "Maple Leaf Rag ” 134 Eventually, elements from all of these forms of music and more came back together In their own kind of melting pot, African rhythms, slave work songs, spirituals, blues, ragtime, and other influences recombined to form the beginnings of that truly American art form - jazz In the late 1800’s jazz was just beginning, but not long after the turn of the century, it would be the most popular American music It would go on from there to worldwide popularity Jazz would branch out into many forms, and it would influence future styles of American music Many musicians today credit earlier musicians such as Scott Joplin or Bessie Smith with inspiring their music It’s a shame that they can’t also name the earliest African-Americans who really began the traditions that led to the American music of today What is the closest meaning to the word “chorus” used in the passage? A a group of singers that sing together B the main part of a song C an accompanying singer D none of the above What is NOT true when talking about blues? A they could be amusing and optimistic B a well-known blues musician was Scott Joplin C they gained popularity near the time ragtime became popular D they were a more individual style of music than spirituals Scott Joplin and Bessie Smith were _ A famous ragtime musicians B people who really began the American musical traditions C artists who inspired many musicians today D songwriters who wrote blues songs The word “they” in the last paragraph refers to _ A today’s musicians B Scott Joplin and Bessie Smith C the musicians’ music D the names of the earliest African-American singers What is the main idea of the passage? A today’s style of American music is mostly influenced by African-rooted songs B it is hard to exactly recognize the people who started the American musical tradition C spirituals, blues and ragtime are the major components that formed jazz D American’s musical history was built by several famous musicians TEST 10 Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions A lot of people think that 3D films are pretty cool When you watch a 3D film, it sometimes feels like you can reach out and touch the things that you see In the future, however, 3D might be replaced by something even more advanced: 4D What you see in a 4D film is the same as what you see in a 3D film The screen is the same, and the glasses are the same 4D films are different because they don’t use 3D technology People in the audience also feel physical things during the films Let’s look at a few examples Let’s say that you are watching a film about earthquakes If you are watching a 4D film, maybe your seat will suddenly start to shake It will feel like you are in the middle of an earthquake, but you are not The 4D effects make your seat shake Or perhaps during the film, one of the characters gives flowers to another character The people in the cinema might suddenly smell flowers 135 The point of 4D films is to make people feel like they are in the film When we watch films these days, we only use two senses: our sense of sight and our sense of hearing If we use our other senses, the film might feel more real to us 4D films already exist The film Avatar was released everywhere in 3D, but in Korea and Hong Kong, it was also released in 4D People who watched Avatar in 4D feel wind and rain They also smelled smoke from the weapons in the film, and sometimes their seats moved Will 4D replace 3D films? It is possible, but we can’t be sure yet One problem with 4D films is that it is very expensive to show them in theaters Before a theater shows a 4D film, it has to buy a lot of special equipment However, 4D films are catching on Other films shown in 4D include Shrek 4-D, and Iron Man What can be inferred from the passage? A Some films may have both 3D and 4D versions B Special equipment in a theater for 4D films are completely different from those for 3D films C Some normal films also make people use more than two senses D 4D films use the same technology as 3D films 2.Which of the following is NOT true about 4D films? A They use the same glasses and screens as 3D films B Some have been shown in Hong Kong and Korea C When you watch them, your seat might shake D Cinemas that show them don’t need special equipment The word “they” in paragraph refers to _ A 4D films B Glasses C Screens D 3D technology One problem with 4D films is _ A They are expensive B They are a little dangerous C They don’t feel real D Actors don’t like them The phrase “catching on” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A arriving already B becoming popular C being shown D getting an advantage TEST 11 Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions In the 1960s, The Beatles were probably the most famous pop group in the whole world Since then, there have been a great many groups that have achieved enormous fame, so it is perhaps difficult now to imagine how sensational The Beatles were at that time They were four boys from the north of England and none of them had any training in music They started by performing and recording songs by black Americans and they had some success with these songs Then they started writing their own songs and that was when they became really popular The Beatles changed pop music They were the first pop group to achieve great success from songs they had written themselves After that it became common for groups and singers to write their own songs The Beatles did not have a long career Their first hit record was in 1963 and they split up in 1970 They stopped doing live performances in 1966 because it had become too dangerous for them – their fans were so excited that they surrounded them and tried to take their clothes as souvenirs! However, today some of their songs remain as famous as they were when they first came out Throughout the world many people can sing part of a Beatles song if you ask them 136 The passage is mainly about A How the Beatles became more successful than other groups B Why the Beatles split up after years C The Beatles‟ fame and success D Many people’s ability to sing a Beatles song The word “sensational” is closest in meaning to A Notorious B Bad C Shocking What is not true about the Beatles? A The members had no training in music B They had a long stable career C They became famous when they wrote their own songs D They were afraid of being hurt by fans The Beatles stopped their live performances because A They had earned enough money B They did not want to work with each other C They spent more time writing their own songs D They were afraid of being hurt by fans The word “they” is closest in meaning to A The Beatles B the fans C the songs D Popular D the performances TEST 12 Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions The biological community changes again as one moves from the city to the suburbs Around all cities is a biome called the "suburban forest" The trees of this forest are species that are favored by man, and most of them have been deliberately planted Mammals such as rabbits, skunks, and opossums have moved in from the surrounding countryside Raccoons have become experts at opening garbage cans, and in some places even deer wander suburban thoroughfares Several species of squirrel get along nicely in suburbia, but usually only one species is predominant in any given suburb -fox squirrels in one place, red squirrels in another, gray squirrels in a third - for reasons that are little understood The diversity of birds in the suburbs is great, and in the South, lizards thrive in gardens and even houses Of course, insects are always present There is an odd biological sameness in these suburban communities True, the palms of Los Angeles are missing from the suburbs of Boston, and there are species of insects in Miami not found in Seattle But over wide stretches of the United States, ecological conditions in suburban biomes vary much less than those of natural biome And unlike the natural biomes, the urban and suburban communities exist in spite of, not because of, the climate If there was a preceding paragraph to this passage it would most likely be concerned with which of the following topics? A The migration from cities to suburbs B The biological community in urban areas C The mammals of the American countryside D The history of American suburbs The author implies that the mammals of the "suburban forest" differ from most species of trees there in which of the following ways? 137 A They were not deliberately introduced B They are considered undesirable by humans C They are represented by a greater number of species D They have not fully adapted to suburban conditions The word “thoroughfares” is closet in meaning to A neighborhoods B lawns C open spaces D streets Which of the following conclusions about squirrels is supported by information in the passage? A The competition among the three species is intense B Fox squirrels are more common than grey or red squirrels C Two species of squirrels seldom inhabit the same suburb D The reasons why squirrels well in the suburbs are unknown What does the author imply about the effect of climate in the suburban biome? A It is more noticeable than the effect of climate on the urban biome B It is not as important as it once was C It depends on the location of the biome D It is not as dramatic as the effect of climate on natural biomes TEST 13 Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions Most people are afraid of sharks, but they usually not know much about them For example, there are about 350 species of sharks that live in oceans over the world All of the sharks are carnivores, but most of them don’t attack people Some sharks are very small- the smallest shark is about inches long- about as long as your hand But some sharks are very large The largest species of sharks may be 60 feet long and weigh 15 tons Unlike many other kinds of fish sharks not have bone Their body made up of a kind of tough white flexible material (called cartilage) Sharks not have ears However, they “hear” sounds and movements in the water Any sound or movement makes the water vibrates Sharks can feel vibrations, and they help the sharks find food Sharks use their larges to find food, too Most sharks see best in low light They often hunt for food at dawn, in the evening, or in the middle of the night Nowadays scientists want to learn more about sharks for several reasons For example, cancer is common in many animals, including people However, it is rare in sharks Scientists want to find out why sharks almost never get cancer Maybe this information can help people prevent cancer too According to the passage, sharks _ A are big mammals B usually live in warm water C are meat eaters D always attack humans It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _ A sharks are being studied B the cancer risk among animals is found to be higher C scientists are given permission to catch sharks for their studies D information about sharks help people cure cancer The word “they” refers to _ A sharks B sounds C vibrations D movements Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED? 138 A Large sharks can weigh up to 15,000 kg B Sharks’ bodies are made up of cartilage C Sharks can find their food by feeling vibrations D Sharks often attack people The main topic of the passage is _ A the largest animal B cancer C carnivores D sharks TEST 14 Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions The elephant is the largest animal to walk on Earth An elephant can carry a d of 1,200 pounds They eat 300 pounds of food a day An elephant baby can weigh 200 pounds at birth Elephants can live up to 70 years Elephants can be trained to carry logs with their trunks They also use their trunks for drinking water, bathing, eating and communicating There are two kinds of elephants: the African elephant and the Indian elephant African elephant can be characterized larger ears The African elephant grows up to 10 feet and weighs as much as 12,000 pounds The Indian elephant grows up to feet tall, and weighs up to 800 pounds This elephant is characterized as smaller ears Another name for the Indian elephant is the Asian elephant Which is the topic of the passage? A Elephants B Elephants' trunks C Indian elephant D African elephant According to the passage, elephants can use their trunks for the following activities, EXCEPT _ A Communicating B Bathing C Sleeping D Drinking The word “logs” in line is closest in meaning to _ A wood B elephants' trunks C elephants D pounds An Indian elephant has _than an African elephant A smaller ears B bigger teeth C a longer tail D a stronger trunk It can be inferred from the passage that _ A the Asian elephant is the largest B the Indian and Asian elephant is the largest C the African elephant is the largest D The Indian elephant is the largest TEST 15 Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions Since water is the basis of life, composing the greater part of the tissues of all living things, the crucial problem of desert animals is to survive in a world where sources of flowing water are rare And since man’s inexorable necessity is to absorb large quantities of water at frequent intervals, he can scarcely comprehend that many creatures of the desert pass their entire lives without a single drop Uncompromising as it is, the desert has not eliminated life but only those forms unable to withstand its desiccating effects No moist- skinned, water-loving animals can exist there Few large animals are found The giants of the North American desert are the deer, the coyote, and the bobcat Since desert country is open, it holds more swift-footed running and leaping 139 creatures than the tangled forest Its population is largely nocturnal, silent, filled with reticence, and ruled by stealth Yet they are not emaciated Having adapted to their austere environment, they are as healthy as animals anywhere else in the word The secret of their adjustment lies in the combination of behavior and physiology None could survive if, like mad dogs and Englishmen, they went out in the midday sun; many would die in a matter of minutes So most of them pass the burning hours asleep in cool, humid burrows underneath the ground, emerging to hunt only by night The surface of the sun baked desert averages around 150 degrees, but 18 inches down the temperature is only 60 degrees The title for this passage could be _ A “Animal Life in a Desert Environment” B “Desert Plants” C “Man’s Life in a Desert Environment” D “Life Underground” Man can hardly understand why many animals live their whole life in the desert, as _ A water is an essential part of his existence B water composes the greater part of the tissues of living things C very few lager animals are found in the desert D sources of flowing water are rare in a desert The phrase “those forms” in the passage refers to all of the following EXCEPT A many large animals B water-loving animals C moist-skinned animals D the coyote and the bobcat According to the passage, creatures in the desert _ A are more active during the day than those in the tangled forest B are not as healthy as those anywhere else in the world C run and leap more slowly than those in the tangled forest D run and leap faster than those in the tangled forest We can infer from the passage that _ A desert life is colorful and diverse B living things adjust to their environment C healthy animals live longer lives D water is the basis of desert life TEST 16 Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish The exact causes of a species’ death vary from situation to situation Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt Food Resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species 140 The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time – a mass extinction One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago When approximately 95 percent of all species died, mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason A species’ survival may have nothing to with its ability or inability to adapt If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events The word “it” in line refers to _ A environment B species C extinction D 99 percent Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph as resulting from rapid ecological change? A Temperature changes B Availability of food resources C Introduction of new species D Competition among species According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that _ A extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth’s history B extinctions on Earth have generally been massive C there has been only one mass extinction in Earth’s history D dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed The word “finding” in line 16 is closest in meaning to _ A published information B research method C ongoing experiment D scientific discovery Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of periodic extinction mentioned in paragraph 3? A Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it B Evidence to support the theory has recently been found C The theory is no longer seriously considered D Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate TEST 17 Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions Perhaps it was his own lack of adequate schooling that inspired Horace Mann to work so hard for the important reforms in education that he accomplished While he was still a boy, his father and older brother died, and he became responsible for supporting his family Like most of the children in his town, he attended school only two or three months a year Later, with the help of several teachers, he was able to study law and became a member of the Massachusetts bar, but he never forgot those early struggles 141 While serving in Massachusetts legislature, he signed a historic education bill that set up a state board of education Without regret, he gave up his successful legal practice and political career to become the first secretary of the board There he exercised an enormous influence during the critical period of reconstruction that brought into existence the American graded elementary school as substitute for the older distinct school system Under his leadership, the curriculum was restructured, the school year was increased to a minimum of six months, and mandatory schooling was extended to age sixteen Other important reforms included the establishment of state normal schools for teacher training, institutes for in-service teacher education, and lyceums for adult education He was also instrument in improving salaries for teachers and creating school libraries Mann’s ideas about school reform were developed and distributed in twelve annual reports to the state of Massachusetts that he wrote during his tenure as secretary of education Considered quite radical at the time, the Massachusetts reforms later served as a model for the nation Mann was recognized as the father of public education Which of the following titles would best express the main topic of the passage? A The Father of American Public Education B Philosophy of Education C The Massachusetts State Board of Education D Politics of Educational Institutions The word “struggles” in line could best be replaced by _ A valuable experiences B happy situations C influential people D difficult times The word "there" refers to _ A the Massachusetts legislature B the state board of education C Mann’s legal practice D his political career The reforms that Horace Mann achieved were _ A not radical for the time B used only by the state of Massachusetts C adopted by the nation as a model D enforced by the Massachusetts bar Among Mann’s school reforms, which of the following is NOT mentioned? A Restructuring curriculum B Schools for teacher training C Lyceums for adult education D Creating museums TEST 18 Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions It was once believed that being overweight was healthy, but nowadays few people subscribe to this viewpoint While many people are fighting the battle to reduce weight, studies are being conducted concerning the appetite and how it is controlled by both emotional and biochemical factors Some of the conclusions of these studies may give insights into how to deal with weight problems For example, when several hundred people were asked about their eating habits in times of stress, 44 percent said they reacted to stressful situations by eating Further investigations with both humans and animals indicated that it is not food which relieves tension but rather the act of chewing A test in which subjects were blindfolded showed that obese people have a keener sense of taste and crave more flavorful food than non-obese people When deprived of the variety and intensity of tastes, obese people are not satisfied and consequently eat more to fulfill this need Blood samples taken from people after they were shown a picture of food revealed that 142 overweight people reacted with an increase in blood insulin, a chemical associated with appetite This did not happen with average-weight people In another experiment, results showed that certain people have a specific, biologically induced hunger for carbohydrates Eating carbohydrates raises the level of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain Enough serotonin produces a sense of satiation, and hunger for carbohydrates subsides Exercise has been recommended as an important part of a weight-loss program However, it has been found that mild exercise, such as using stairs instead of the elevator, is better in the long run than taking on a strenuous program, such as jogging, which many people find difficult to continue over periods of time and which also increases appetite What is the main purpose of the passage? A To discuss the health problems caused by being overweight B To recommend a weight-loss program for the obese C To help overweight people overcome their eating problem D To present research into the factors causing The author mentions people’s eating habits during times of stress to show that _ A overweight people are tense B thin people don’t eat when under stress C a large percentage of people deal with stress eating D 56 percent of the population isn’t overweight The word “crave” in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A devour B absorb C sewn D desire The word “they” in paragraph refers to _ A obese people B blood samples C tastes D subjects The author suggests that it might be good for people wanting to lose weight to all of the following EXCEPT _ A jog miles daily and look at pictures of food B walk up stairs and chew on carrot sticks C eat plenty of chewy carbohydrates D avoid stressful situations and eat spicy foods 143 ... it A mightn’t B mustn’t C needn’t D couldn’t It is very far from here You _ take a bus or a taxi A could B ought to C used to D may You _ lend me any money I’ve got some A mustn’t B needn’t... this semester A can B ought to C need D mustn’t 14 Liz _ be hungry because she's just eaten a big bowl of rice I’m sure A can’t B mustn’t C needn’t D mightn’t 15 Chuck often buys things at this... everything now A needn't B can't C would rather D mustn't 10 As students, you _ show your disrespect to your teachers A must B should C mustn't D needn't 11 Peter has been working for 10 hours