Tham khảo tài liệu ôn tập môn tiếng anh kỳ thi tuyển sinh sau đại học grammar focus phục vụ cho việc ôn thi môn anh văn sau đại học
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC TÀI CHÍNH – MARKETING KHOA ĐÀO TẠO SAU ĐẠI HỌC TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP MÔN TIẾNG ANH KỲ THI TUYỂN SINH SAU ĐẠI HỌC GRAMMAR FOCUS Hệ thống hóa điểm thiết yếu ngữ pháp tiếng Anh Ôn tập kỹ sử dụng tiếng Anh trình độ trung cấp- ngưỡng (Intermediate/ Threshold) Cung cấp cho học viên tảng thực hành hai kỹ đọc viết, đáp ứng yêu cầu thi đầu vào Giúp học viên làm quen với kỹ làm thi NGUYEN HOANG QUE 06/12/2011 A GRAMMAR FOCUS PART I: TENSES THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE: Thì đơn I, We, You, They, plural Noun + V1 +O He, she, It, Name, singular Noun + V –s / -es +O Khi thấy trạng từ thường xuyên (adverb of frequency) như: always (luôn luôn), usually (thường thường), often (thường), frequently (thường xuyên), sometimes (thỉnh thoảng), occasionally, seldom (hiếm khi), rarely (ít khi), never (không bao giờ), every (day, week, month… ngày, tuần, tháng…), once a week, twice a day,… chia động từ đơn Xem xét chủ từ số nhiều hay số tùy theo mà thêm “S/ES” hay giữ nguyên động từ (động từ tận SS, SH, TCH, X, O, Z ta thêm ES chủ từ thứ số Hoặc động từ tận phụ âm + Y ta đổi thành IES chủ từ ngơi thứ số ít.) Ex: - She goes to school by bus every day - He usually studies late at night Thì dùng để diễn đạt hành động/ trạng thái xảy ra, có; thật hiển nhiên; tập quán/ đặc tính; việc tương lai lên lịch … Ex: This book belongs to me Mr Brown drinks coffee after meal The sun rises in the East and sets in the West Their train leaves at 9.00 tonight THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: Thì tiếp diễn I + am We / you / they / plural Noun + are V-ing He / she / it / name / singular +O + is 2.1 Khi thấy chữ: now, at present, at the moment, while, Hurry up!, Look! ta chia động từ Hiện tiếp diễn Nhớ phải mượn động từ TO BE thêm “ING” cho động từ Ex: He is reading a book at the moment THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: Thì hồn thành I, we, you, they, Plular Noun + Have + V3 / V – ed +O He, she it, Tên, Singular Noun + Has + V3 / V – ed +O 3.1 Dấu hiệu : just, rencently, already, not… yet, never, ever, since + điểm thời gian, for + khoảng thời gian, before, lately, so far, It’s the first time, Up to now, How long… Ex: She has learned English for years I have already booked my flight to Bangkok 3.2 Thì dùng để diễn đạt hành động vừa hoàn thành; kết hành động khứ mà đến (lúc nói) cịn; kinh nghiệm đến ngưng; việc đến tiếp tục, … Ex: She has just written her letter Spring has come He left home last year and I have not seen him since Have you ever seen a whale? I have lived in this city for 10 years PAST SIMPLE TENSE: Thì khứ đơn S + V2/ V –ed + O Khi ta thấy chữ Last, yesterday, ago, in 1990 …, when I was a child, this morning,… ta chia động từ (thêm ED chọn động từ bất quy tắc cột bảng động từ bất quy tắc) Thì dùng để diễn đạt hành động/ trạng thái xảy xong hẳn khứ; tập quán, khả khứ; kinh nghiệm khứ … Ex: They went to Singapore last month A terrible fire broke out downtown yesterday I wandered lonely in town last night He was happy when he lived in France She sang very well when she was young He used to smoke a lot Did you ever see a lion? PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: Thì khứ tiếp diễn We, You, They, plural Noun + were + V –ing +O He, She, It, I, Tên, Singular Noun + was + V –ing +O Diễn tả hành động thực dở dang khứ thời điểm đề cập đến (at + thời gian + this morning / yesterday / last night, at the time) Ex: This time last year I was living in Brazil Diễn tả hành động diễn khứ có hành động khác xảy S + was / were + V –ing + O While + S + was / were + V –ing Ex: when S + V2 / V –ed + O + O, S + V2/ V-ed +O Yesterday, while we were having dinner, Tom phoned me PAST PERFECT TENSE: Thì khứ hoàn thành Subject + had + V3 / V –ed + Object Diễn tả hành động xong trước hành động khác khứ After + QKHT, QKĐ QKĐ + after + QKHT Before QKĐ, QKHT QKHT + before QKĐ Thì q khứ hồn thành cặp với khứ đơn Ex: We had finished dinner by the time you arrived When she got to the airport, the plane had already taken off Diễn đạt kinh nghiệm chấm dứt thời gian khứ Ex: I knew that place well for I had often been there before Diễn đạt hành động tiếp tục đến thời gian khứ Ex: He had been ill for days when the doctor was sent for THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE: Thì tương lai đơn I, We + will / shall + V1 He, she, it you, they + will +O + V1 + O Khi thấy chữ như: Tomorrow, in 2010 …, the day after tomorrow, next week, ta chia động từ tương lai Thì diễn đạt hành động, trạng thái tương lai Ex: We will complete our MBA program in 2012 THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENES: Thì tương lai tiếp diễn S + will + be + V –ing +O Diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm tương lai theo tưởng tượng Ex: By this time next Sunday I will be swimming at the beach THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE: Thì tương lai hoàn thành S + will / shall + have + V3 / V –ed +O Diễn tả hành động hoàn tất thời điểm tương lai theo tưởng tượng Ex: I intend to build this house in months I have built it for months So, I will have finished it by next month 10 THE NEAR FUTURE TENSE: Thì tương lai gần Subject + is / am / are / + going + to + V1 + Object Diễn tả dự định hay việc chắn thực tương lai Ex: We are going to complete our MBA course next month PRACTICE: Fill in the blank with the correct tense of verb in brackets: Buses (pass) my house every day We (live) here since 1990 He always (help) his father to plant the trees in the garden They She (ride) home from school now (fly) to New York tomorrow By the time next year, they (buy) a new house They have kissed their mother before they I (leave) home for school (go) to Dalat last week and I have stayed there for five days She sometimes ( cut) her husband‟s hair 10 They rarely (remember) his address 11 The boys 12 She doesn‟t work, she 13 We 14 Our teacher (play) football in the field when I arrived (swim) now (give) her 100 thousand dong last night (teach) English at the moment 15 We (swim) in the sea by this time tomorrow 16 She (wash) the dirty plates in the kitchen with her mother 17 When you phone him, he (help) me to wash the car 18 I usually go buy bus tomorrow I 19 She (take) a taxi (see) him at the supermarket yesterday 20 We (eat) dinner before we came here 21 They (spend) all the money last Monday 22 I (go) to Ho Chi Minh city with my parents last week 23 The police (catch) two thieves in Bien Hoa last night 24 We (move) to Long Khanh in 1986 25 Ann (draw) ten pictures for me last year 26 The manager didn‟t allow the actors to travel by air while they 27 The neighbors often 28 The Earth (work) on film (complain) about the noise of this machine (go) round the Sun 29 The Sun (rise) in the East 30 Water (boil) at 100 centigrade degree 31 What you 32 Ann usually (read) now? (do) the shopping at the weekend but today I (do) it 33 He usually drinks tea but today he 34 While we (drink) coffee (plant) trees, the principal came and talked to us 35 You can‟t see Tom now, he 36 Ann (have) a bath (make) a new dress for her mother at the moment 37 I (wear) the sunglasses today because the sun is very strong (go) in Tom‟s car 38 I usually go buy bus but tomorrow I (not/tell) the secret if you don‟t promise 39 I 40 The milk smells sour you 41 (see) him before? you ever 42 This message 43 We (just, arrive) (already, meet) our friends in the school yard 44 Peter seldom 45 We (work) in the garden He often works in the office (understand) the lesson well after he had explained slowly 46 He spoke very slowly so that we 47 We 48 49 We 50 She (keep) it for a long time? (can) understand that (hear) a terrible noise on the street yesterday they (go) to Dalat tomorrow morning (fish) for hours (play) the piano when our guests (arrive) last night (come) to see you since five o‟clock 51 She just 52.I (come) as soon as my work is finished 53 We (not live) in London for the last two years 54 They (prepare) the Christmas dinner today 55 John (live) in the same house since he left school 56 Our teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) London in 1990 57 John (work) at the university for 45 years before he 58 I (lose) my key Can you help me to look for it? 59 Alice and Peter (retire) (know) each other for months 60 My teacher wasn‟t at home When I (arrive) he (just, go) out (get) there, Bob‟s plane 61.We went to the airport late By the time we (already, arrive) 62 We have been married for a long time By the next anniversary, we (be) married for 43 years 63 He (come) and see you in ten minutes 64 The doctor (examine) the patients thoroughly before he (prescribe) the medication 65 Peter (work) at the university for 45 years before he (eat) breakfast at o‟clock He 66 Yesterday Tom (already / finish) when he left for class at 8:45 He he (eat) breakfast before (go) to class 67 At 10 o‟clock tomorrow morning we 68 Next month they (clean) the floor (be) here exactly months 69 How long they 70 Your teacher 71 Why (retire) (live) here? (wait) for you since 7:30 you (not/finish) this letter yet? 72 I found this ring while I (dig) hole in the garden 73 She (buy) this house years ago 74 We (meet) my parents at the airport tomorrow afternoon 75 Why you 76 My father 77 He (go) to Vung Tau last week? (move) to Nha Trang next month (phone) his girlfriend at the moment 78 I wonder how many people (be) here next week? 79 He (take) the bus to Ho Chi Minh city every day 80 you (interview) Miss World tomorrow? 81 After they had finished their work, they (go) home at once 82 He (not/go) to school because tomorrow is Sunday 83 He (can) play piano when he was years old (just/come) back from my uncle‟s farm 84 We 85 The banks open at o‟clock and 86 After John (close) at four thirty (wash) his clothes, he began to study 87 George (wait) for an hour before the bus came 88 Jane sent a letter to her university after she (receive) her scholarship 89 Look! The train (come) 90 Be careful! Our teacher (look) at you 91 Be quiet! Her baby (sleep) 92 Tom (do) his homework when I visited him last night 93 Hurry up! The bus (come) 94 That man (suffer) from the heart disease for many years 95 She (go) to supermarket twice a week 96 Last night, I………………(1.walk) along the street when I………………(2.realize) that a man with a black beard, whom I…………………(3.see) three times already that afternoon, ………………… (4.follow) me I…………… (5.be) very worried, and at last I……………….(6.stop) and asked him why he………… (7.follow) me The man apologized and told me he………………(8.mistake) me for one of his friends 97 Yesterday morning, when I……… …(1.arrive) at the airport, Sophie……………….(2.wait) for me She………………….(3.wear) a pink dress and…………… (4.look) very pretty 98 Yesterday Ann introduced me to her husband As I ……… (see) him, I……………….(know) that I……………(meet) him before we went to primary school together 99 When she…………(go) out of the house this morning, she ………… (take) her umbrella because it…………… (rain) 100 Sally is a writer She (1) (write) several novels, and (2) (win) several a wards for her books A few years ago, she (3) (win) the prize for most promising author of the year At the moment, she (4) (write) a detective story 101 In the evenings I often play chess with my next door neighbor I (play)……………… chess with him ever since I (come)…………… to live here ten years ago He (be)……………… here all his life; he (inherit)…………………… the house from his father, another great chess player - You ever (play)…………………… chess with the father? - We (play)………………………once or twice but he (die)………………………………… a year after I (arrive)…………………………… 102 Mary had to go to New York last week, but she almost…………(1)…………(miss) the plane She…….(2)…………(stand) in the queue at the check-in desk when she suddenly…………… (3)…………… (realize) that she…………….(4)………….leave) her passport at home Fortunately, she……… (5)……………(not/live) very far from the airport, so she ………… (6)……………….(have) time to take a taxi home to get it A missed B was missing C had missed D had been missing A stood B had stood C was standing D had been standing A was realizing B realized C had realized D would realize A was leaving B left C had left D would leave A hadn‟t lived B hasn‟t lived C isn‟t living D doesn‟t live A has B had C had had D has had PART II: PHRASES AND CLAUSES PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION Mặc dù, cho dù, bất luận, dù nào: Though / Although Even though + S + V + (O), SVO Even if / Much us Clause of concession (OR Main clause Ex: main clause + Clause of concession) Although the team played well, they lost Even though the play received good notices, a few people went to see it Much as I admire his courage, I think he is foolish Chữ MUCH AS thường với động từ like, dislike, approve, admire, enjoy, sympathize Subject + verb + object, BUT / YET / NEVERTHELESS + main clauses (SVO) Ex: I am very hungry, but I dare not to eat much Despite In spite of possessive adjective + noun / V-ing, For all (Phrase) main clauses (SVO) Notwithstanding Ex: Despite their playing well, they lost In spite of good notices, a few people went to see it For all his wealth and fame, he‟s a very lonely man Notwithstanding her bad behavior, we love and forgive her Ex: Past participle Although he is old, he still manages to enjoy life (V3 / V-ed) + As / Though + subject + verd, main clauses Ex: Adjective Although he is old, he still manages to enjoy life (SVO) ... Why are you leaving? – I‟m leaving because I‟m fed up FOR giới thi? ??u thông tin Chữ “FOR” không đứng đầu câu Nó thường xuất câu sau dấu – dấu phẩy Ex: I decided to stop and have lunch – for I... It is such This car‟s very expensive I can‟t buy it This car is too This car is not……………………… enough………………………………… (cheap) This car is so It... It is such This shirt is very old She shouldn‟t wear it This shirt is too This shirt is not……………………………… enough……………………… (new) This shirt is so