Thực hiện chính sách bảo hiểm xã hội từ thực tiễn tỉnh thái nguyên TT TIENG ANH

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES NGO THI NHUNG IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE POLICIES FROM PRACTICE IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE SUMMARY OF PUBLIC POLICY THESIS Ha Noi, 2021 The thesis was completed in VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Van Tat Thu Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof Dr Ngo Phuc Hanh Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Dr Hoang Mai Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Khac Binh The thesis will be defended at the meeting of the Academy-level Thesis Committee at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, 477 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Time …… hour …… minute, date… month… year… THIS THESIS CAN BE FOUND AT THE LIBRARY: National Library Library of Academy of Social Sciences LIST OF RESEARCH WORKS Ngo Thi Nhung (2020), “The implementation of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province.” Journal of Asia-Pacific Economic, issue 565May 2020 Ngo Thi Nhung, Hoang Thi Le My (2020) “Practical implementation of employment policy in Thai Nguyen province”, Journal of Finance, Issue – May 2020 (729) Ngo Thi Nhung (2020), The Implementation of Poverty Reduction Policies in Thai Nguyen Province International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, Vol -6, Issue 3/2020 Ngo Thi Nhung, Hoang Thi Le My (2020), “Implementation of people support policies to access basic social services - practice in Thai Nguyen province”, Journal of Finance, Vol 3/2020 (731) Ngo Thi Nhung, Duong Thi Cam Nhung, Nguyen Hai Khanh, Implementation of Social Insurance Policy: Research in Thai Nguyen Province, Viet Nam, European Journal of Research in Social Sciences, Vol No 2, 2021 INTRODUCTION The necessity of the dissertation topic Social insurance is a major policy of the Party and the Government for employees, to ensure the life of workers and their families, and at the same time ensure the goal of the social security system that social insurance is the main pillar, the largest inseparable The social insurance policy in our country has been implemented since the early days of the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam Over the past 60 years, in the process of organizing and implementing, social insurance policies have been increasingly perfected and constantly renewed and supplemented to suit the current conditions of the country Along with the renovation process of the economy since the 6th National Congress of the Party (December 1986), the social insurance policy and the organization of management of social insurance activities have also had many positive innovations, for instance, social insurance not only contributes to stabilizing the life of workers but also encourages them to actively work in production to create wealth for the society and build the country During the implementation process, social insurance has continuously developed in both quality and quantity The number of participants is increasing, expanding to the recipients There have also been fundamental management changes Especially, the organizational system has been unified across the country with a three-level model, vertically from central to local In addition to the achievements in the state management of social insurance, there are still shortcomings that need to be overcome soon both in terms of policy content, organization and operation management In practice, in recent years, the main implementation of social insurance, despite many efforts to make the management effective, still has many weaknesses and challenges, requiring solutions to improve social insurance more effective and efficient Thai Nguyen is a province in the Northeast region of Vietnam, located in the Capital Region, is the industrial capital of the region With this advantage, Thai Nguyen is transforming strongly in socio-economic development The implementation of policies on social insurance in recent years in the province has had certain results with more than 1.22 million employees participating in social insurance; revenue from social insurance and health insurance reached over 5,436 billion VND, reaching 100.84% of the assigned plan, an increase of 6.1% compared to 2018; debt decreased by 1.24% of total receivables; the issuance of social insurance books and health insurance cards is carried out in a timely manner and following regulations, creating favorable conditions for employees and people to participate in and enjoy the social insurance and health insurance regimes However, there are still many inadequacies, shortcomings, difficulties, and challenges in the organization and implementation of social insurance, inspection, and examination of social insurance activities at enterprises The current obstacles in Thai Nguyen are also happening in many other localities For the implementation of social insurance policies in the province to be more and more effective, it is necessary to study in a basic and specific way, both in theory and in practice in the province On that basis, it is possible to propose solutions to enhance the effectiveness of the main implementation of social insurance to be more effective in the current period Therefore, I selected the topic: "Implementation of social insurance policies from practice in Thai Nguyen province" for the doctoral dissertation Research purpose and tasks of the dissertation 2.1 Dissertation purpose The purpose of the dissertation is to synthesize and analyze theoretical and practical issues on the implementation of social insurance policies; at the same time, analyze and evaluate the actual situation of implementing social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province in the period 2011-2019; on that basis, suggestions, and solutions are proposed to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province 2.2 Research tasks - Systematize and analyze theoretical and practical issues on the implementation of social insurance policies - Analyze and evaluate the actual situation of implementing social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province - Propose views and solutions to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province Research subjects and research scope 3.1 Research subjects The research subject of the dissertation is the implementation of social insurance policy in Thai Nguyen province 3.2 Research scope - Scope of content: The study is about the implementation of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province, which focuses on types of compulsory social insurance and voluntary social insurance - Spatial scope: The study is conducted in Thai Nguyen province - Time scope: The study is about the implementation of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province from 2011 to 2019, solutions to improve the effectiveness of policy implementation to 2025, and a vision to 2030 Approach and Research Methods 4.1 Research approach The dissertation is based on a theoretical approach to social security, social security floor, social insurance, economics, and sociology to generalize the theory of social insurance, factors affecting social insurance, assess the implementation of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province over the past time, from which to offer views and solutions to improve the effectiveness of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province - The approach of the dissertation mainly uses the subject approach through determining the standard level (poor standard, minimum standard of living) The dissertation uses a policy research approach to study the implementation of social insurance policies With this methodology, it indicates two main directions of policy research as follows: + When implementing social insurance policies, it is necessary to put them about the whole policy cycle, from planning to organizing policy implementation, checking, and evaluating policies If we only narrowly evaluate a certain stage in the cycle, we will not be able to see all the strengths, inadequacies, and causes of inadequacies in the policy + The advantages and disadvantages in the policy can originate in the policymaking stage, the solution alone will not be effective Therefore, it is necessary to have a general assessment to get an overall view of the advantages and disadvantages arising, as well as the causes of the inadequacies to serve as a basis for proposing solutions to improve policies for the new cycle - In addition, the dissertation also uses a top-down - bottom-up combined approach: often called the "top-down, bottom-up" approach, or called community-authority interaction + Bottom-up approach: focus on local, community, situation-specific, and short-term impacts; often assessed qualitatively and with community participation + Top-down approach: is to analyze how the viewpoints, guidelines, and social insurance policies derived from the central government and local state management agencies are applied rationally and effectively and become close to reality 4.2 Research Methods To realize the research objective, the dissertation uses a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research methods to actively support each other in accomplishing the research objectives - Desk research method: This method is used to collect documents related to theory, overview, and secondary data for research This method helps to give a general overview of the research problem Survey method: The interview method was conducted with households in Thai Nguyen province, officials from departments, local authorities in Thai Nguyen province, business and labor representatives who work at the enterprise The interview method was conducted to (i) find out and discover difficulties and advantages when implementing social insurance policies for subjects in Thai Nguyen province; (ii) uncovering the appropriateness and inadequacy of the applicable policy; (iii) expected development direction of policy implementation The results found are the basis for further development of new variables or will provide in-depth data to supplement the research results The interview sample was deliberately stratified by the graduate student, with the sample number as follows: Interview Subjects Number of samples State management agencies: Social 70 insurance, departments/sectors, districts, communes Enterprise 50 Formal Labor 150 Informal Labor 150 Total 420 - Descriptive statistical analysis method: This method is used to analyze the current status of social insurance and social insurance policies in recent years; descriptive analysis: accessibility to policies, level of satisfaction and factors affecting the level of satisfaction with social insurance policies of people in Thai Nguyen province On that basis, it is possible to propose appropriate solutions to increase the effectiveness of the policy, accessibility, people's satisfaction with the social insurance policy in Thai Nguyen province New scientific contributions of the dissertation 5.1 The new contributions of the dissertation are about academics and theory The implementation of the dissertation will have the following new theoretical and academic contributions: - Systematize the viewpoints of implementing social insurance policies - Analyze and clarify the influencing factors, the process of implementing the social insurance policy - Applying the theoretical framework of social insurance and the practice of a locality with specific characteristics in the new context 5.2 New contributions of the dissertation in practice In addition to new theoretical and academic contributions, the dissertation also has new practical contributions, as follows: - The dissertation clarified the issue of policy implementation in the field of social insurance - The dissertation has contributed to concretizing the implementation of social insurance policy in a specific locality - here is Thai Nguyen province - At the same time, the dissertation has formed a new source of information on the current policy situation and the results of the implementation of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province for the state management agencies on social insurance at the central and local levels and researchers, teachers who would have more useful sources of information for reference Theoretical and practical significance of the dissertation 6.1 Theoretical significance The dissertation has built a theoretical and practical basis for the implementation of social insurance policies The dissertation also contributes to clarifying the influencing factors and the process of implementing social insurance policies in specific localities 6.2 Practical significance The dissertation systematically studies the implementation of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province, thereby clarifying the specific factors affecting the implementation of social insurance policies in specific localities and territories The research results of the dissertation provide a scientific basis for policymakers on social insurance to refer to the process of completing the implementation of social insurance policies in Vietnam in general and other localities with similar conditions to those of Vietnam Thai Nguyen province in particular Structure of the dissertation In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references, and appendices, the dissertation includes specific chapters as follows: Chapter RESEARCH SITUATION OVERVIEW 1.1 National studies related to the dissertation Currently, there have been many research works on policy and policy implementation related to social insurance in different forms These studies can be divided into the following issues: (i) social insurance policy; (ii) implementation of social insurance policies; (iii) factors affecting the implementation of social insurance policies; (iv) policy implementation in localities and Thai Nguyen province Through the results of the review of the works, this study shows that there are still many gaps, there are not many general, in-depth and systematic studies on the moral basis associated with the implementation of the social insurance policy, as well as evaluate the actual implementation of the policy, the implementation situation of the social insurance policy in the localities 1.2 Foreign studies related to the dissertation A review of international studies shows that research often focuses on voluntary insurance, and informal sector workers, pension insurance, analysis of social insurance coverage, sustainability, sustainability of the social insurance system By examining their relationships with economic and noneconomic factors The analysis of research works shows the role of private insurance companies in the management, operation and preservation of funds Therefore, the state needs to have policies to intervene in these factors 1.3 Research gap First, there is a gap in research direction, through the overview of studies related to the implementation of social insurance policies, many works have been published, under different approaches: insurance economy, finance banking, social insurance risk fund, public management, sociology, social security However, approaching the above issue from the perspective of public policy science, there have not been many studies mentioned Second, the theoretical gap: issues of concepts, characteristics, roles of policy implementers and factors affecting the implementation of social insurance policies, contents of policy implementation of social insurance, the evaluation criteria for the implementation of social insurance policies still need to continue to be researched and clarified Third, there is a gap in research methods: the subjects participating in social insurance are diverse and complex, so to properly assess the current state of policy implementation, find out the causes and overall solutions to improve the efficiency of policy implementation It is necessary to design criteria and evaluation methods to evaluate the implementation of appropriate policies and policies Fourth, the reality gap: there have been several studies on social insurance in Thai Nguyen province under the approach: management of revenues and expenditures of health insurance, social insurance, social security policy, while the studies on the implementation of social insurance policy in Thai Nguyen province has not been mentioned by any current research Chapter THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE POLICIES 2.1 Social insurance policies 2.1.1 The concept of social insurance policy 2.1.1.1 The concept of social insurance Based on understanding the concepts, perspectives, as well as different approaches to social insurance, the concept of social insurance in this dissertation, is used as follows: "Social insurance is the guarantee, replacement or partial compensation of income of employees when they face difficulties and disadvantages arising in life leading to loss or reduction of income (such as sickness, maternity, labor accident, occupational disease, old age, and death) and employment services and medical care based on the social insurance fund contributed by the participating parties to stabilize the workers' lives and ensure social security" 2.1.1.2 The concept of social insurance policy "Social insurance policy is a system of regulations, decisions, orientations and implementation methods to ensure replacement or partial compensation of an employee's income in case of loss or reduction of income (due to illness: illness) pain, maternity, occupational accidents, occupational diseases, old age, and death); providing medical care and support to stabilize workers' lives and ensure social security." 2.1.2 Social insurance categories The assignment and coordination of the implementation of the social insurance policy include the assignment of the lead agency and the coordinating agencies for implementation 2.2.2.4 Organize the implementation of social insurance policies - Organization that implements social insurance policies is understood as an organization that does state management of social insurance and organizes nonbusiness activities of social insurance, the specific contents of these two activities are as follows: 1) State management of social insurance: (2) Organizing social insurance non-business activities 2.2.2.5 Supervising and checking the implementation of social insurance policies Monitoring and supervision activities in the social insurance system are organized along vertical lines, including inspection and supervision by superior social insurance agencies towards lower levels in the implementation of regimes, policies, and payment of benefits social insurance level; inspect and supervise the state management agencies, social insurance agencies for the implementation of social insurance of the units in which the employer has contributed social insurance for the employees; the inspection and supervision of the social insurance agencies for the beneficiaries of social insurance policies (the employee's awareness and obligation to contribute, the declaration of information of the employees to enjoy the social insurance benefits, etc.) 2.2.3 Factors affecting the implementation of social insurance policy 2.2.3.1 Elements of the social insurance system a State management of social insurance b Staff and civil servants working in the field of social insurance c Working conditions at agencies and units in charge of state management of social insurance 2.2.3.2 Factors outside the social insurance system a Level and socio-economic development b The development of information technology c Needs and perceptions of employees and employers about social insurance d The development of social security policy system 2.3 Practical experience in implementing social insurance policies 10 2.3.1 Experience in implementing social insurance policies of some provinces/cities in our country 2.3.1.1 Experience in forming an organization to implement social insurance policies (1) Results of piloting the organization and arrangement of the social insurance system in Yen Bai province (2) Results of piloting the organization and arrangement of the apparatus of the social insurance sector in Dong Nai province 2.3.1.2 Experience in propagating social insurance policies (1) Experience in propagating the social insurance policy of Hanoi city (2) Experience in propagating social insurance policies of Da Nang city (3) Experience in propagating social insurance policies of Binh Duong province 2.3.1.3 Experience in assigning and coordinating the implementation of social insurance policies (1) The coordination between the provincial social insurance agency and the departments, departments, branches, organizations and mass organizations in Hau Giang province (2) The coordination between the Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs and Son La province social insurance 2.3.1.4 Experience in organizing and implementing social insurance policies (1) Experience in implementing social insurance policies in Quang Ninh province (2) Experience in organizing the implementation of social insurance policies in Gia Lai province The police recommended prosecution 2.3.1.5 Experience in supervising and inspecting the implementation of social insurance policies (1) Experience in monitoring and inspecting the implementation of social insurance policies of Dak Lak province (2) Experience in monitoring and inspecting the implementation of social insurance policies in Quang Binh province 2.3.2 Lessons learned for the implementation of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province 11 Firstly, about the organization and implementation of social insurance policies Secondly, about the propaganda of social insurance policies Third, regarding the assignment and coordination of the implementation of social insurance policies Fourth, on the organization and implementation of social insurance policies Fifth, about the supervision and inspection of the implementation of social insurance policies Chapter THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE POLICY IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE 3.1 Effects of socio-economic characteristics to the implementation of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province in the period 2011-2019 3.1.1 Economic growth 3.1.2 Social problems 3.2 The status of implementing social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province 3.2.1 Organization of the policy implementation apparatus To implement social insurance policies in the province, the provincial social insurance agency has constantly improved its organizational structure, functions, and tasks By 2020, the total workforce of Thai Nguyen Social Security includes roughly 275 people, of which 35 out of 236 have university degrees, 2/236 and 2/236 completed college and high school education At the headquarter, the apparatus includes 01 director, 02 deputy directors, and 123 employees The remaining 110 employees work at the lower management level distributed in districts, cities, and towns The head of the provincial social insurance agency is responsible for all aspects of social insurance in the province under provincial management In addition to the departments at the district and provincial levels, the development of cashiers at the commune level plays a very important role In Thai Nguyen, in the period 2016-2020, the total number of agents increased by 4.19%/year on average, the total number of points reached 2.59%/year on average, especially the number of staff who stood at the highest point with an average growth rate of 7.72%/year The increasing number of agents 12 contributes to the development of voluntary social insurance participants more conveniently 3.2.2 Propaganda and dissemination of policies and laws on social insurance The propaganda of the province as well as the districts and communes is always of great concern and is closely directed by the system at all levels with the participation of relevant departments and agencies, contributing to raising awareness of the government and local people on social insurance policies However, the number of staff being in charge of propaganda are mostly part-time workers who haven’t received sufficient training in terms of journalism and communication skills The majority of the experienced staff currently working at the departments, agencies, and district level have not been intensively trained, thus there are still many limitations in the implementation of propaganda at the lower levels Meanwhile, at local social insurance agencies in general and provincial social insurance in particular, the staff who is in charge of propaganda work is responsible for many other jobs, therefore sometimes the assigned tasks haven’t met the requirements of social insurance The findings showed that the majority of people in the province know about the current social insurance policies through two forms: the province’s mass media system and the organizations at all levels Officials and authorities were mainly known through propaganda from associations and organizations (accounting for 74.3%) and through the mass media system (accounting for 71.4%) Workers in the informal sector got updated through the mass media system (around 45.3%) and the rest of 37.3% through mass communication For businesses, the media system was the main propaganda channel accounting for 51.5% and another 44% could be approached through the unions People were also introduced by relatives and friends, but this rate was the lowest 3.2.3 Coordinating the implementation of social insurance policies 3.2.3.1 Promulgating coordination regulations on the implementation of social insurance policies To implement the Law on Social Insurance and Resolution No 28-NQ/TW of the 7th conference of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam on reforming social insurance policies, on May 23rd, 2018, Thai Nguyen Provincial People's Committee issued Decision No 2334/QD-UBND, dated September 10, 2018, on the promulgation of coordination regulations on the implementation of legal policies on commune insurance, health insurance, and unemployment insurance The decision clearly stated the responsibilities and roles of agencies, organizations, and the content of coordination 13 3.2.3.2 The coordination between the provincial social security and the Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs The Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs, and the provincial social insurance agency signed two programs to coordinate the implementation of policies and laws on social insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance for the period of 2017 - 2020 and organized the signing ceremony of a cooperation program for the period of 2020-2025 3.2.3.3 Coordination program between the provincial social insurance and Department of Health In 2017, Thai Nguyen Social Security and the Department of Health signed a program to coordinate the implementation of social insurance and health insurance policies Specifically, the coordination between the two agents will focus on such issues as proposals and recommendations to build, amend and supplement health insurance regimes and policies; the coordination in information and communication on social insurance and health insurance policies; the implementation of social insurance and health insurance regimes and policies; the examination and solutions to complaints and denunciations about social insurance and health insurance; the exchange of information on medical examination and treatment; the development of plans and summary of operation 3.2.3.4 Coordination between social insurance and provincial Labor Confederation In 2016, Thai Nguyen Federation of Labor – the Provincial Social Insurance: signed a coordination regulation on exchanging and providing information in filing lawsuits to court for violations of the law on social insurance and health insurance 3.2.4 Inspection and supervision Table 3.4: Inspection and examination of social insurance in Thai Nguyen province in the period 2015-2019 Unit: dong Category Plan Implementation Institution Unit of labor use Medical facility Collection and Year 2015 171 179 82 50 Year 2016 175 206 81 11 45 Year 2017 187 190 63 26 14 Year 2019 182 248 30 20 Year 2020 184 258 30 10 20 payment agent Inspection, inter36 66 91 sectoral inspection Inter-sectoral 14 13 inspection Interdisciplinary 22 25 30 inspection Specialized 28 61 inspectors Amount 507,280,000 1,068,332,515 4,176,684,688 recovered Short-term 22,469,139 205,189,637 social insurance expenses Health insurance 507,280,000 261,754,336 2,863,045,160 premiums Social insurance 784,109,040 1,108,449,891 arrears Arrears paid to 886,449,891 the social insurance fund Return 143,000,000 Amount paid by 14,506,300,937 9,433,957,253 wrong payment method Amount of debt 12,306,300,937 7,854,780,942 paid by the unit in the account Administrative sanctions Number of sanctioning units Penalty amount 75,000,000 Total 507,280,000 13,374,633,452 12,031,465,630 182 196 35 32 147 164 1,868,785,976 2,956,508,839 374,776,193 203,180,227 21,027,160 1,522,003,826 2,806,067,939 1,472,982,623 2,753,328,612 300,784,567 633,683,763 7,759,258,872 14,195,675,745 6,056,686,150 10,418,719,890 2,500,000 7,925,472,126 13,375,228,729 Source: Thai Nguyen Provincial Social Security (2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020) 3.3 Results of implementing social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province 15 3.3.1 Coverage of the social insurance system Table 3.5: Social insurance coverage in the period 2015-2019 No Criteria Year Year Year Year Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2020 Number of 189,7 202,1 220,5 233,3 238 people participating in social insurance (thousand) Labour force 762,2 761 763,2 767,2 777,2 (thousand) Actual 24,9 26,6 28,9 30,4 30,8 coverage (%) Source: Thai Nguyen Provincial Social Security 3.3.2 Financial sustainability of the social insurance system As can be seen from Table 3.7, the collection of social insurance fund tends to increase continuously over the years from VND 827.913 million in 2012 to VND 3.427.517 million in 2018 and the average level of financial sustainability within years is 167% The social insurance spending fund increased from 2012 to 2018 and at the same time, in absolute terms, the social insurance spending fund is much higher than the province's social insurance revenue fund, which may cause an imbalance between revenue and expenditure This reflects the low sustainability of the social insurance system during the research period However, Thai Nguyen Provincial Social Security is now trying to balance revenue and expenditure, so the imbalance in revenue and expenditure is on a downward trend 3.3.3 Growth rate and completion rate of people’s participation in social insurance Figure 3.14: Growth rate of the number of participants in compulsory social insurance and voluntary social insurance in Thai Nguyen province for the period 2012-2020 16 2.5 2.29 2.08 1.5 1.45 1.38 1.27 1.28 1.15 1.03 1.12 1.06 1.2 1.11 1.04 0.97 0.99 0.95 0.5 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 3.3.4 Growth rate and completion rate of the social insurance revenue plan 180 3664094 154.7 3427517 141.8 3500000 3063478 140 127.7 2673145 115.3 120 4000000 3000000 114.6 111.9 106.9 103 2500000 2093842 100 % 2000000 80 1353875 1500000 Milion dong 160 3774708 60 40 827913 954625 1000000 500000 20 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 3.3.5 Payment to beneficiaries of social insurance Table 3.10: Payment regime for beneficiaries of social insurance (2013-2020) Unit: million VND N Payment 2019 2020 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 o method Sickness 29,319 31,683 39,364 56,035 67,786 66,780 75,412 74,803 Maternity 115,32 142,28 225,09 348,68 466,03 665,38 526,604 8 17 651,37 3 Occupatio nal 13,192 14,795 14,863 14,930 19,707 22,179 19,957 21,668 accident disease Retiremen 2,092, 2,316, 2,555, 2,678, 2,965, 3,251,2 3,707,9 3,904,4 839 510 626 180 947 18 17 82 t 57,671 63,475 64,846 76,868 78,640 88,422 90,294 95,447 Death Unemploy 116,64 25,412 35,035 30,278 34,491 51,922 66,630 90,772 ment Source: Thai Nguyen Provincial Social Security 3.4 Evaluation on the implementation of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province 3.4.1 Findings - The implementation and organization of the social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province has gained popularity, meaning that the number of people participating in voluntary social insurance in the province tends to increase, the development speed is faster compared to the growth rate of compulsory social insurance The coverage of the participants in the field of social insurance has been increasing gradually for the past few years Though it has been relatively low in numbers, the results indicated that the number of participants and beneficiaries has shown a steady rise over the years, the planned targets have been exceeded The increase in the coverage of the social insurance system is one of the important criteria to evaluate the performance of the social insurance system This confirms the suitability of the social insurance policy, contributing to life stability of employees and their families and meeting the needs of social security, overcoming difficulties and risks in retirement - The payment of pensions and social insurance allowances has always been implemented properly by the Provincial Social Security in coordination with the Postal Service The payment of pensions and monthly social insurance allowances and unemployment insurance has been made on time, with sufficient amount and ensure safety according to regulations In addition, the effective implementation of the social insurance policy in general and the revenue of social insurance has raised the awareness and responsibility of related sectors, employers and employees towards social insurance policies The management process of revenue and results of compulsory social insurance 18 revenue in the province have increasingly achieved high results, and the collection of social insurance has gradually stabilized - The organization regularly coordinates with several agencies, mass media, local socio-political organizations to carry out propaganda programs on social insurance, health insurance and unemployment insurance policies in the province, which attach to the Party's guidelines and the government policies and laws Various forms of propaganda such as visuals, mobiles, leaflets, posters have been applied; the coordination between the organization and local and national mass media helps to strengthen and deepen the approach to social insurance policies to all employees and the public In addition, the local social insurance agency combined with such associations and organizations as the Women's Union, Farmers' Union in propagating, emphasizing, and raising awareness about the humanity of voluntary social insurance policies to target people - Compulsory and voluntary social insurance policies are popular and have coverage to the entire population Employees who are not required to participate in compulsory social insurance can choose to participate in voluntary social insurance to ensure social equality, which helps employees improve their self-security capacity and simultaneously reduce pressure on the state budget for social allowance Those who have previously participated in compulsory social insurance but are not eligible to participate in monthly pension benefits, need to participate in voluntary social insurance to be eligible for pension In addition, since 2018, participants of voluntary social insurance have been supported by the State at around 30% of the monthly social insurance payment according to the poverty criteria applied to poor households from rural areas, 25% for near-poor households and 10% for others, which shows the humanity in the way the voluntary social insurance policy is comprehensively expanded 3.4.2 Limitations - The low coverage of social insurance in the province is still relatively low, unable to achieve the goal of national coverage - The voluntary social insurance policies are insufficient to attract the interests of employees and society - In addition, employees think that the implementation of registration procedures is complicated and time-consuming although administrative 19 procedures to participate in voluntary social insurance have been shortened, simplified, and more convenient than before For the fact that voluntary social insurance at commune and village levels is run by a network of agents while this network is still small, limited skills, and unprofessional service style Therefore, the application of the policy into life is not flexible, and it is still difficult for employees to access social insurance In short, the demand for participation in social insurance is great, but the ability to meet the needs of employees is very limited Thus, the coverage of social insurance in general and voluntary social insurance, in particular, must be increased based on economic development, income, and people living standards - Awareness of employees and society about a voluntary social insurance policy is still modest The people's need to participate in social insurance is very high, but their awareness is incomplete and there is a lack of information about this policy Therefore, when the State promulgates a policy, the implementing agency must step up the propaganda plan and dissemination of the policy, specify the process and procedures for registration of participation for people This is a very important condition to expand the beneficiaries of social insurance, especially voluntary social insurance 3.4.4 Reason a Social insurance policy Firstly, the social insurance premium for the participants Secondly, the time and payment procedures are not flexible and diverse for employees Thirdly, the regulations on the conditions to receive the regimes have not ensured the fairness and equality between the two types of compulsory and voluntary social insurance, the benefits to receive the regimes haven’t been guaranteed for the participants of voluntary social insurance to maintain their life stability in the retirement Fourthly, the majority of employees and people are still not fully aware of the content, meaning, and importance of social insurance policies as well as the registration process and procedures when they participate in the social insurance system Fifthly, the specific support policy of the State for the participants in the informal category is not reasonable b Organizing the apparatus for implementing social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province 20 The organization of the social insurance apparatus has had a lot of shortcomings Therefore, insurance professionals will face many difficulties in accessing participants and registration procedures of people in remote areas who want to participate but know who to look for and which agency to access Meanwhile, employees working on voluntary social insurance will find it challenging to grasp the aspirations of employees, especially when the coordination between the social insurance agency and the authorities in communes will be difficult In addition, for compulsory social insurance, the provincial social insurance system works with businesses and organizations in the province of Thai Nguyen The sanction for the appropriation of employers and late payment for social insurance participants were assigned to the labour inspectors and People's Committees at all levels; the sanction is still not strict enough to detect the violations of the employers d The registration process and procedures Regarding the process, the registration procedure for voluntary social insurance is still complicated, which is shown through collecting agents of the local post office or local social insurance agency Regulations on the collection of fees and settlement of regimes according to household registration and place of residence, thus, employees who want to pay fees and receive benefits must return to their household registration or residence instead of their destination or place of work This is difficult for workers who are often migratory such as informal workers When surveying 150 people in the province (farmers and informal sector workers) on the assessment of registration procedures to participate in social insurance, the following results were obtained: Table 3.14 Opinions of participants of social insurance on registration procedures No Procedures for registration Number of Percentage of social insurance people Simple 112 74,7 Complicated 38 25,3 Source: Survey results e Some other reasons 21 Chapter SOLUTIONS TO COMPLETE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE POLICY IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE 4.1 New context affects the implementation of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province 4.1.1 International contexts 4.1.2 National and local socio-economic contexts 4.2 Viewpoint to improve social insurance policy in Thai Nguyen province 4.3 Solutions to complete the implementation of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province 4.3.1 Solutions for planning social insurance policy Continue to complete the planning of social insurance development policies to suit the new context Continue to build, supplement and complete the legal system on social insurance Propose and build a mechanism to ensure financial sustainability of social insurance 4.3.2 Completing the implementation of social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province Complete the organization and apparatus for social insurance in Thai Nguyen province Promote the propaganda on the implementation of social insurance policies About the revenue management mechanism of compulsory social insurance Strengthen inspection and examination of the implementation of social insurance policies Strengthen coordination between state management agencies Promote investment in information technology application, gradually modernize the social insurance management system in Thai Nguyen province Improve the quality of social insurance services, especially voluntary social insurance in the province in the context of fierce competition with commercial insurance Expand network expansion and train voluntary social insurance agents 4.4 Conditions for implementing solutions 4.5 Some policy recommendations CONCLUSION 22 Social insurance is a major policy of the Party and the State contributing to ensuring stable life for cadres, civil servants, soldiers and workers, political stability, social security, and promoting the strong national construction and defending the socialist fatherland Therefore, since the establishment of the country, the State has paid regular attention to the implementation of social insurance policies for cadres, civil servants, soldiers, and workers of all economic sectors However, in the process of organizing and implementing policies, there are inevitably shortcomings and limitations contributing to a low proportion of participants of social insurance in Thai Nguyen compared to the eligible employees Therefore, completing the organization and implementation of social insurance policies is very crucial requiring the efforts of not only the social insurance industry in Thai Nguyen province but also the participation of key departments, agencies, organizations, the social and political system as well The research results of the thesis have clarified a number of issues: (1) Systematize and supplement to clarify basic theoretical issues about social insurance such as concepts, characteristics, roles, and principles of voluntary social insurance, types of voluntary social insurance; (2) Provide basic contents of social insurance policies including: Determining the subjects to be applied; social insurance regime; social insurance fund; State management of social insurance; (3) Clearly define the organization and implementation of social insurance policies including: Organization of the implementation apparatus; propaganda and dissemination of policies and laws on social insurance; registration process and procedures of participants and benefits of social insurance; management of participants and beneficiaries of social insurance; organization of revenue - expenditure and investment in growth of the social insurance fund; inspectation, examination and supervision activities of social insurance; (4) Studying practical experiences on implementing voluntary social insurance policies in some countries around the world, (5) Analyzing the contexts of implementing social insurance policies in Thai Nguyen province over the years: Organization of the deployment apparatus; propaganda and dissemination of policies and laws on social insurance; registration process and procedures for participants and settlement of regimes; inspection, examination and supervision; Analysis of social insurance implementation results in the 23 province such as coverage level; impact level; financial sustainability; the rate of development and completion rate of the plan on the number of participating employees; growth rate and completion rate of revenue plan; number of beneficiaries of voluntary social insurance; (6) on the basis of the goals of the Party and State, the development strategy of Vietnam's social insurance industry to 2020 and the research and analysis, the thesis proposes sets of solutions with high feasibility to improve the implementation mechanism of social insurance policy in Thai Nguyen province Based on the solutions mentioned above, the thesis provides conditions for implementing solutions and some policy recommendations for relevant agencies 24 ... dissertation also uses a top-down - bottom-up combined approach: often called the "top-down, bottom-up" approach, or called community-authority interaction + Bottom-up approach: focus on local, community,... Prof Dr Ngo Phuc Hanh Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Dr Hoang Mai Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Khac Binh The thesis will be defended at the meeting of the Academy-level Thesis Committee at the Graduate... conference of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam on reforming social insurance policies, on May 23rd, 2018, Thai Nguyen Provincial People's Committee issued Decision No 2334/QD-UBND,