QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH (PAST PERFECT) I LÝ THUYẾT Cách sử dụng STT Cách sử dụng Ví dụ Dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy trước hành động khứ Sử dụng khứ hoàn thành cho hành động xảy trước, khứ đơn cho hành động xảy sau - The police came when the robber had gone away - I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet Dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy hoàn tất trước thời điểm khứ trước hành động kết thúc khứ - I had finished my homework before 10 o’clock last night - By the time he was six, he had written his first poem Dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy điều kiện tiên cho hành động khác khứ Sử dụng sau If câu điều kiện loại (câu điều kiện thực khứ) Sử dụng mệnh đề Wish dùng để diễn tả mong muốn trái với khứ Sử dụng câu trực tiếp – gián tiếp - I couldn’t get into the house I had lost my keys - Mary wasn’t at home She had gone shopping - If I had known that, I would have acted differently - I would have helped him if he had asked - I wish I had worked harder when I was at school - She wishes she had listened to what her mother told her - He said that he had finished all his homework already Dấu hiệu nhận biết - Just, already, since, for When, by the time, as soon as, before, after, by + fixed time If (Câu điều kiện loại 3) Wish (Mong ước cho khứ) Câu trực tiếp – gián tiếp Cấu trúc (+) Subject + had + Past Participle (-) Subject + had not / hadn’t + Past Participle (?) Had + subject + Past Participle? III BÀI TẬP Exercise 1: Join the sentences with expressions in brackets E.g.: They graduated They got married (as soon as) They got married as soon as they had graduated They entered the restaurant They were served (after) They didn't tell me Vietjet Air cancelled the flight (that) I couldn't go out I broke my leg (because) He took up a job He left school (as soon as) She fell in love with him They met in Cork (after) Exercise 2: Answer the questions using the words in the brackets E.g.: Why did he call you? (because – just arrived) He called me because he had just arrived When did they return? (after - travel for two weeks) _ Why didn't he eat anything? (because - have lunch) What did he tell her? (that - see her before) When did they land? (when - the storm ended) Why was he so dirty? (because - dig the hole in the rain) Exercise 3: Complete the following sentences in PAST PERFECT tense She (write) six letters before she got a response It always _ (snow) here before 1978 Dan (be) sick for three days before he got better Li and Susan (try) four times before they gave up My father’s old car (run) very well before he sold it We (not/ take) the test before 7 My uncle (visit) China several times in the past, so this visit was nothing new Our father _ never _ (drive) to California I (speak) to the president twice before, so I was not that nervous 10 The old man occasionally _ (need) help crossing the street 11 When I arrived at the cinema, the film _ (start) 12 If you _ (listen) to me, you would have got the job 13 The garden was dead because it _ (be) dry all summer 14 We were late for the plane because we _ (forget) our passports 15 The lights went off because we _ (not/pay) the electricity bill 16 He _ (not/use) email before, so I showed him how to use it 17 We couldn’t go into the concert because we _ (not/bring) our tickets 18 She told me she _ (study) a lot before the exam 19 The children _ (not/do) their homework, so they were in trouble 20 I (not/have) breakfast when he arrived Exercise 4: Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets I _ (worry) a lot about her before I (hear) that she was safe I didn’t like the flat It _ (be) much smaller than I _ (think) at first He told us he (shoot) a big tiger They _ (drink) tea after they _ (finish) dinner After he (work) at the hospital for two years he _(decide) to give up the job When I (arrive) at the party John _ already (go) home We _ (wait) until the match _ (finish) They _ (leave) the room before the meeting _ (finish) I _ (buy) a new camera before I (go) to London 10 I _ just _ (turn off) the lights when the telephone (ring) 11 _ he _(know) her for a long time before they (get) married? 12 When we (get) to the station the train _ (already / leave) 13 He was wondering why he _ (let) her leave so easily 14 After they (go), he _ (sit) down and _ (light) a cigarette