Past Perfect - Quá khứ Hoàn thành FORM of Past Perfect The Past Perfect has two parts: the past tense of the verb 'to have' (=had) + the past participle (PP) of the main verb. See examples below. S + had + PP I had learnt English. He had swum well. They had watched TV. S + had not+ PP I hadn't learnt English. He hadn't swum well. They had not watched TV. Had + S + PP? Had you learnt English? Had he swum well? Had they watched TV? The Past Perfect refers to an event earlier than a specific event in the past. It is used to make it clear that one event happened before another in the past. It does not matter which event is mentioned first - the tense makes it clear which one happened first. In the following example, Event A happens before Event B. You had studied English before you moved to New York Even A Event B When she got to the station, the train has left Even B Event A USEs of Past Perfect 1. to describe a completed action before an event in the past. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times. Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand? She only understood the movie because she had read the book. Kristine had never been to an opera before last night. We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance. A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006? B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before. 2. Past Perfect + just 'Just' is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that was only a short time earlier than the later event. She had just left when he arrived. They had just turned on the TV when the electricity is out. Forms of Negatives and Questions Negative sentences and questions are formed with the auxiliary verb 'had'. She hadn't got an English certificate when she got the job. Had it rained before you came to London? . Past Perfect - Quá khứ Hoàn thành FORM of Past Perfect The Past Perfect has two parts: the past tense of the verb 'to have' (=had) + the past participle (PP). they watched TV? The Past Perfect refers to an event earlier than a specific event in the past. It is used to make it clear that one event happened before another in the past. It does not matter. your trip in 2006? B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before. 2. Past Perfect + just 'Just' is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that was only a short time earlier than