Tài liệu Toefl cbt book part 43 docx

Man: First, I’d say evaluate his diet. Keep a diary of what he eats and when he has a problem. Woman: Excellent suggestion. Of course, diet isn’t always the cause. Reflux can also be caused by a hiatal hernia or other physical defects. Diet can affect the severity of the problem, but controlling it won’t help completely. Does anybody know what a hiatal hernia is? Man: Well, I know that a hernia is a break in the lining of some area of the body, making an organ or tissue go through where it shouldn’t. And a hiatus is a break in something or a space between something. Woman: Yes, a hiatal hernia is a type of hernia in which the stomach itself moves up through a defective sphincter, thus pouring the dangerous acid into the esopha- gus. So what else should a person do besides change his or her diet? Man: Get tests. Have one of those scopes where they look inside the esophagus and see what they can see. Woman: Yes, the doctor must see whether the cause is physical and whether there is already damage. He must assess the total situation. The doctor can then pre- scribe one of several medications or treatments, or if the physical problem is bad enough, surgically repair the defect. But the thing to do is seek treatment from a qualified physician, and don’t wait. 20. Narrator: What is the discussion mainly about? 21. Narrator: How does the woman describe the sphincter? 22. Narrator: According to the woman, when does acid reflux occur? 23. Narrator: According to the woman, why does the reflux cause the burning sensation? 24. Narrator: According to the woman, what results from metaplastic changes? 25. Narrator: How does the woman describe a hiatal hernia? 26. Narrator: According to the woman, what are two reasons a patient may want to control his or her diet? 27. Narrator: Which of the following is not a suggested course of action to treat reflux disease? 400 CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org CD A, Track 14 Narrator: Listen to the following talk. Man: This is a tool made of stone. It could be used for digging, cutting, or vari- ous other things. Scientists used to believe that the most advanced Stone Age tools were developed in the Middle East and Africa. However, these tools were discov- ered in China recently, and they’re certainly as advanced as those of the other continents, with the same sophisticated shape and consistency of design as the other tools. These tools were found near the Chinese border with Vietnam, and they appear to be about 800,000 years old. It is a particularly interesting discov- ery, because now scientists know that in spite of slight differences, similar tech- niques were used over a very great distance. 28. Narrator: What is the man talking about? 29. Narrator: What had scientists believed before these tools were found? 30. Narrator: How does the speaker describe the comparison between the new tools and the tools found previously? CD A, Track 15 Narrator: Listen to the following talk about Nathaniel Hawthorne. Woman: Today, we continue discussing American authors of the 1800s. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables, had an interesting and varied life. At times he enjoyed success, and at times he lived in despair. Hawthorne’s father died when he was young, and his family had to move in with relatives. His mother became very reclusive. Hawthorne didn’t care much for formal schooling, but he severely injured his foot when he was 9, causing him to be incapacitated for a long time. While at home, he began reading Shakespeare and other authors. Hawthorne was later sent to a prep school, but he still wasn’t a particularly good student. After graduating, he re- turned to the home where his mother lived in seclusion, and he moved into an up- stairs room from which he rarely exited. He said he spent the next 12 years in what he called “this dismal chamber.” Actually, some critics say he really didn’t spend as much time in seclusion as he led people to believe, and he concocted the idea that he was a hermit-artist. Critics say that he actually went out from time to time and even traveled to various cities. But he did read and write in the room, improving his writing ability considerably, and at the end of the 12 years, he cre- ated a great collection of short stories. During that time, he published a book at his own expense, but it was a failure. Later, he destroyed all the books. 401 Appendix: On the CDs For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Hawthorne continued to write but was unable to find a publisher, and he was often frustrated. He did manage to publish many of his works in magazines. One of his well-known works, Twice Told Tales, was published as well. He didn’t make enough money from these publications to support a family, so even though he was engaged to marry a woman, they didn’t marry for a long time. Hawthorne took various jobs that involved manual labor, and the work made him too tired to write. Finally, after an engagement that lasted many years, Hawthorne got married when he was in his mid-30s. He lost a job, which gave him the time to write his most famous work, The Scarlet Letter. Although The Scarlet Letter sold well, it was pirated by some publishers, so Hawthorne didn’t make much money from it. References he made in The Scarlet Letter angered many people from Salem, Massachusetts, so Hawthorne and his wife moved to a new town. In their new town, Hawthorne met Herman Melville, who was writing Moby Dick, and he wrote The House of the Seven Gables. 31. Narrator: What does the speaker imply about Hawthorne’s success as a writer? 32. Narrator: How does the speaker describe Hawthorne’s scholastic abilities? 33. Narrator: How does the speaker describe Hawthorne’s early home life? 34. Narrator: What does the speaker imply that Hawthorne did during his reclusive years? 35. Narrator: According to the speaker, what was Hawthorne’s reaction to his first published work, which was self-published? 36. Narrator: What does the speaker imply about Hawthorne’s financial success? 37. Narrator: What does the speaker indicate happened to The Scarlet Letter during Hawthorne’s lifetime? 402 CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Practice Test 4 Part A CD B, Track 1 1. Man: I should have another blood test done, shouldn’t I? Woman: In a couple of weeks. Man: Okay, should I keep taking these pills in the meantime? Woman: I’m going to prescribe something else. Narrator: What does the woman imply is the best course of treatment? 2. Woman: Have you tried the new Greek restaurant downtown? Man: No, but I hear it’s second only to the one that used to be on the hill. What was it called . . . Helena’s? Woman: Yes, I heard the same thing. We have been waiting for a good replacement for Helena’s. Narrator: What do the speakers imply about the new Greek Restaurant? 3. Woman: I was thinking of taking the certification exam again, but I just don’t think I can do it. It’s too much work. Man: I wish you wouldn’t talk like that. You’re so bright that it would be nothing to you. Plus, it would be great for your career. Woman: Still, I’d have to study and prepare a great deal, and I don’t know if I’ll have time. Narrator: What does the woman say about taking the certification exam? 403 Appendix: On the CDs For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 4. Man: I have never been so frightened. I lost control of the car on the wet highway and flew all the way across both lanes of traffic. I was lucky I didn’t get hit by traffic or hit one of the trees. Woman: You are very lucky. That highway is always so busy, and wet roads are very dangerous. Narrator: What does the man imply about what happened on the highway? 5. Woman: What happened to Jose? I thought he was coming tonight. Man: He came down with a cold and needed the rest. Woman: I hope he’s back to normal soon. Narrator: What does the man say about Jose? 6. Man: I thought Roberto was happy at this school, but I hear he’s thinking of leaving. Woman: Yes, his father would rather that he went to a more well-known university. But he’s just looking into it at the moment. Man: It’s funny how much importance people put on a school’s name. Narrator: According to the woman, why is Roberto considering changing schools? 7. Woman: Why did the students leave the class early? Man: Professor Lopez is having them go to a meat packing plant to write a paper on the procedure for making bologna. Woman: That’s not a pretty sight. Do you have any idea what goes into it? Man: I’d rather not know. Narrator: What do the speakers imply about the procedure the students will view? 8. Man: Why did Allan leave the meeting so early? Woman: Because he had to go to an interview. 404 CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Man: You’d think he could’ve rearranged his schedule. Narrator: What does the woman imply about Allan’s leaving the meeting? 9. Woman: Helen couldn’t find any of the books on the list. Man: I couldn’t either. I’m not sure what to do now. Woman: Why not search the Internet? Narrator: What do the speakers mean? 10 . Man: Has the jury reached a verdict yet? Woman: Not yet, and they probably won’t tonight. Man: Then I’m coming back in the morning. Narrator: What does the woman mean? 11. Man: I can’t believe Bill bought that stock. The company is unknown. Woman: He usually makes good decisions, but this time he listened to a tip from somebody he didn’t even know. Man: Has he learned his lesson? Woman: I hope so. Narrator: What do the speakers imply about Bill and the stock market? 12 . Woman: Is Stephen here today? I have an appointment with him. Man: Haven’t you heard? They sent a memo this morning saying he was fired on Friday. Woman: What happened? Man: They caught him with his hand in the till. Narrator: What do the speakers say about what happened to Stephen? 405 Appendix: On the CDs For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 13 . Woman: The more I sleep the more tired I feel. I don’t know what’s going on. Man: You should go to the doctor. Something could be wrong, or maybe it’s something simple. Woman: I guess you’re right. Narrator: What is the woman’s problem? 14 . Man: I’m fed up with the new receptionist. Not once has she written down a phone number correctly. Woman: I know, and she has a poor attitude, too. Narrator: What do the speakers say about their opinions of the receptionist? 15 . Woman: Will you interview with the new computer company that moved in downstairs? Man: Under no circumstances. The CEO used to be with my former company. Narrator: What does the man say about interviewing with the new company? Part B CD B, Track 2 Narrator: Listen to the following discussion about mediation. Woman: Okay, we need to discuss what’s going to happen next. This judge will definitely order mediation before he sets a trial date. Have you ever heard of me- diation? Do you have any experience with it? Man: Yeah. That’s where a guy who’s like a judge, but not really a judge, makes the decision. Sometimes there are three people together making the decision. Woman: Actually, I think you’re describing arbitration, which is not at all like mediation. Arbitration is more like trying the case in court, and the arbitrator acts like the judge. On the other hand, a mediator is more like a facilitator. He or she doesn’t make a decision at all. The mediator listens to the case, points out disad- vantages in each party’s case, and helps the two parties reach a conclusion. 406 CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Man: If we were going to settle out of court, we would have done it by now. They aren’t being reasonable. Why should anybody think a mediator is going to talk sense into them? Woman: Actually, a great number of cases are successfully handled in mediation. It’s a very positive process. One thing that will be reviewed during the mediation is the downside of going to trial. Man: But you’ve already told me that. You told me that we should settle, but they won’t listen to reason. This is a waste of time. Woman: Regardless, the court demands that we do it, and in good faith. Go in with an open mind and see what happens. You may be surprised. The mediator will suggest or facilitate a settlement offer. Generally, we’ll start out together in one room, and then probably be separated. Then, the mediator will probably go back and forth from room to room bringing offers and counteroffers. But the most important difference between this and arbitration is that no decision will be made unless you and the other party make it. The mediator doesn’t decide anything, but just tries to help you come to a settlement. If you’re not able to settle, we’ll move back into the court arena. 16 . Narrator: What does the woman indicate about the next process in the case? 17. Narrator: What had the man assumed about mediation? 18 . Narrator: How does the man apparently feel about the opposing parties in this matter? 19 . Narrator: How does the woman appear to feel about mediation? 20. Narrator: What does the man indicate that the woman previously advised him to do? 21. Narrator: What does the woman state about the mediation procedure? CD B, Track 3 Narrator: Listen to the following discussion about Claire Nelson. Man: Claire Nelson was in the seventh grade when she began to wonder whether the carcinogens found in plastic wrap could seep into food when food covered with it was microwaved. She knew that a cancer-causing agent called DEHA is found in many plastic wraps, and she realized that nobody had reported research on the subject previously, so she decided to see what she could find out. Woman: How’d you hear about this? 407 Appendix: On the CDs For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Man: I read an article in the paper. She’s very well respected in science circles now. She’s just 18 and has come a long way in her research, having started the re- search in earnest when in the tenth grade. She contacted a research organization for help. She managed to get government equipment on which to perform her re- search. First, she microwaved plastic wrap in virgin olive oil, and she found that the carcinogens and other harmful substances migrated into the oil in substantial amounts. Woman: She sounds very determined. Man: She is. She had to travel to the labs several times a week while keeping up with her studies and other activities. She placed well in the national science pro- jects and her studies are published in journals already. She even got to meet a number of Nobel Prize winners recently. Woman: That’s very impressive. It just goes to show that diligence and determi- nation can pay off. 22. Narrator: How long does the man indicate that Claire Nelson has been interested in carcinogens? 23. Narrator: What does the man indicate is the nature of her research? 24. Narrator: How did the man learn about Claire Nelson? 25. Narrator: How old is Claire Nelson at the time of the discussion? 26. Narrator:What is the woman’s impression of Claire Nelson? CD B, Track 4 Narrator: Listen to the following discussion about power of attorney. Woman: The next thing we need to talk about is what you would want done and who you would want to handle things for you if you became incapacitated. Everybody should designate somebody they trust in a power of attorney and should sign a health care surrogate designation as well as an advance directive. Man: Isn’t that the same as the executor of my will? Woman: It may be the same person, but it requires different documents. Your will doesn’t come into play until you are dead. We are talking about who handles things for you while you are alive if you can’t for yourself. If you do not designate somebody, and something happens to you, the court will appoint a guardian for you, and it may not appoint the same person you would choose. There are actually 408 CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org two types of power of attorney, a financial one and a health care one. The finan- cial power of attorney allows the person you designate to handle all your property, that is your assets. They can access your bank accounts, safe deposit box, and any other account you have, sign a deed to your house, or put a mortgage on it. Man: Whoa. Why would I want somebody to have that power? Couldn’t they wipe me out? Or does it say it’s not valid until I am incapacitated? Woman: In this state, the power of attorney is valid immediately, not when you become incapacitated. But, you designate somebody you trust implicitly, and you don’t give up the original document. You will simply advise the person you desig- nate about how to locate the document if something happens to you. And the power of attorney will be a durable form, meaning that it survives mental incapac- ity. Otherwise, it would expire as soon as we needed it. Man: I get it. Woman: Then you are going to designate the same person or a different person to make medical decisions. And, you should consider signing an advance directive, which takes effect if you have an illness or suffer an accident that leaves you in a terminal condition, an end-stage condition, or a persistent vegetative state. If two doctors determine there is no reasonable medical probability you will recover from that condition, the advance directive says that you wish life-prolonging pro- cedures to be withheld or withdrawn. Man: I definitely want that. I mean, I want to do an advance directive because I don’t want to be kept alive artificially if there is no hope for my recovery. 27. Narrator: What does the woman imply that she just finished talking about before she began this topic? 28. Narrator: How is a power of attorney different from a will? 29. Narrator: What does the woman indicate that a designee can do with a durable financial power of attorney? 30. Narrator: Why does the woman say that a durable power of attorney is the form to use? 31. Narrator: How does the man initially react to the suggestion of a power of attorney? 32. Narrator: Which of the following would probably not be a use of an advance directive? 33. Narrator: How does the man appear to feel about advance directives? 409 Appendix: On the CDs For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org . points out disad- vantages in each party’s case, and helps the two parties reach a conclusion. 406 CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information,. lifetime? 402 CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Practice Test 4 Part A CD B, Track