Tóm tắt luận án Tiến sĩ Manivong bongsouvanh training and fostering of cadres and officers in Savanakhet province, people’s democracy republic of Laos

MINISTRY OF MINISTRY OF HOME EDUCATION AND AFFAIRS TRAINING NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MANIVONG BONGSOUVANH TRAINING AND FOSTERING OF CADRES AND OFFICERS IN SAVANAKHET PROVINCE, PEOPLE’S DEMOCRACY REPUBLIC OF LAOS Major: Public management Code: 34 04 03 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT The work has been completed at: NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUPLIC ADMINISTRATION Supervisors: Assoc Prof PhD Luu Kiem Thanh Assoc Prof PhD Ngo Thanh Can Reviewer 1: …………………………………… Reviewer 2: …………………………………… Reviewer 3: …………………………………………… The thesis is presented at the Academic - level Thesis Assessment Council Location: Meeting Hall Floor , National Academy of Public Administration No 77 - Nguyen Chi Thanh Street - Dong Da District - Hanoi Time: ……… date …… month… 2021 The thesis can be found at the National Library of Vietnam or the library of the National Academy of Public Administration PREFACE Reason to choose the topic In the Lao PDR, training for civil servants is determined to train basic skills and professional knowledge in order to improve the quality of civil servants according to the requirements of administrative reform and society nowadays especially in the 21st century When the fourth industrial revolution sets many new requirements for public servants to meet the demands of increasing management requirements, building civil servants who are proficient in professional expertise They have knowledge and skills to work effectively Moreover, they also have good management skills, and completely loyal to the socialist regime in Lao PDR In recent years, the training of civil servants in Savanakhet province has made remarkable achievements, improving the quality of civil servants, making an important contribution to the renovation and socioeconomic development in the locality However, the quality of training for civil servants in Savanakhet province is not high The application of knowledge after training is still limited The program has not met the diverse requirements of civil servants Content, which is not reasonable and suitable for learners, is not associated with practice Equipment for teaching and learning is weak and lacking The teaching staff still is inadequacy and the quality of the staff is not synchronized, qualification is still limited Practical knowledge, which is limited, is still backward Teaching methods have not been innovated strongly and they have not been closely to reality Furthermore, teaching methods is not promoting the activeness and initiative of students Lecturers have not been facilitated to access and use modern means in teaching The teaching staff is still lacking and it percentage is not reasonable There are many authors who research about training of cadres and officers with different approaches which is from the actual situation, experience and the job position In Western countries, it is often mentioned to foster civil servants In Laos, fostering and traning are for cadres and civil servants They have created a diversely theoretical basis for training study in Lao PDR However, there are not many researches on carders and officers training especially fundamental studies in the locality Due to the complex activities of cadres and civil servants training and limited knowledge related to this field, the thesis continues to clarify and deepen the theoretical issues of carders and officers training Contributing to improve the quality of fostering and training civil servants in Savanakhet province of Lao PDR today, the author chooses the thesis of " Training and fostering cadres and officers in Savanakhet province, Lao People's Democratic Republic " as the research topic for a doctoral thesis in Public Administration Purposes and tasks of the study 2.1 Purpose of the study On the theoretical basic of training and fostering of cadres and officers, the thesis assesses the current situation of training and fostering of civil servants in Savanakhet province, Lao PDR, and then it proposes some solutions to improve the activities of training and fostering of civil servants and public servants in Savannakhet province, Lao PDR 2.2 Tasks of the study - An overview of scientific works related to the thesis topic - Systematizing and clarifying the scientific basis for the activities of civil servants training - Analyzing, evaluating and clarifying the current situation of training activities for civil servants in Savanakhet province, Lao PDR - Proposing some solutions to improve training activities for civil servants in Savanakhet province, Lao PDR nowadays Objects and scope of the study - Objects of the study is activities of training and fostering of cadres and officers - The thesis has scope of study is in Savanakhet province, Lao PDR from 2010 to the present vision for the following years Methodology and research methodology - The thesis is based on the method of dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marxism-Leninism - In terms of theoretical research, there are methods of practical summaries, statistics, synthesis, comparative analysis, expert, sociological investigation Scientific hypotheses and research questions 5.1 Scientific hypothesis - How does training and fostering cadres and officers proceed based on scientific basic in Lao People's Democratic Republic? - What are the results and limitations of fostering and training cadres and civil servants in Savanakhet province, Lao PDR? Why? - How to improve the quality and efficiency of public service of training activities in Savanakhet province, Lao People's Democratic Republic in the current period? 5.2 Research question There are still many problems in training and fostering cadres and officers in Savanakhet province, therefore they not only affects the quality of the province's civil servants but also costs money and time If there are perfect solutions of training and fostering cadres and officers, they will bring great efficiency, making an important contribution to improving the quality of Savanakhet province's civil servants New contributions of the thesis - Providing concept, characteristics and content to consolidate and further clarify the scientific basis for training and fostering cadres and civil servants - Contributing to some reference values that Savannakhet, Lao PDR can learns experiences from other countries in the world - An overview of a relatively comprehensive picture of training and fostering civil servants in Savanakhet, Lao PDR - Providing some solutions to improve activities of civil servants training in Savanakhet, Lao PDR Scientific and practical significance of the thesis - The thesis clarifies and supplements a number of theoretical issues on training and fostering activities for cadres and civil servants - Research results can become a reference source for individuals and organizations in Lao PDR in general and in Savanakhet province, Lao PDR in particular Chapter OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1 The scientific research thesis related to the dissertation Some research works which are related to the thesis topic have achieved inheritable results They are affirming the role and importance of the quality of civil servants in socio - economic development process of each country; Moreover, these researches provide concept, characteristics, role, the formation, development of training and fostering cadres and officers They indicate the process including basic steps Moreover, researches clarify the current status of training activities for civil servants in some localities and countries They propose directions and a system of specific solutions to improve the quality of public servants performance in the new period; Researches propose solutions to strengthen international cooperation on the training civil servants, especially cooperating with good friendship countries to learn from experience They affirm that the training civil servants should be associated with remuneration policies 1.2 General comments on the research related to the thesis Firstly, clarifying the perception of the Ruling Party on training and fostering cadres and civil servants Secondly, focusing on training skills, knowledge and qualities Thirdly, proposing a model and a way to coordinate while doing the task of training civil servants between the Party Central Committee, ministries of the Government and local governments Fourthly, solutions to mobilize financial resources to serve in cadres and officers training activites nowadays and in the future Although there are pretty many researches on training and fostering of civil servants, there are not many researches on carders and officers training especially fundamental studies in the locality of Lao PDR Accordingly, the thesis research does not duplicate and ensures the novelty CHAPTER THEORETICAL BASIS FOR TRAINING AND FOSTERING CADRES AND OFFICERS 2.1 The concept, characteristics and role of training and fostering of cadres and civil servants 2.1.1 The concept of training and fostering of cadres and civil servants Training and fostering of cadres and civil servants is a planned process of transforming the attitudes, knowledge or skills of cadres and civil servants through learning and training to tasks effectively 2.1.2 Characteristics of training and fostering of cadres and officers - Be compulsory by law - Must be implemented synchronously, associated with specific plans - Must be associated with the rank and position of officers - Must be comprehensive - Foster training is both right and mandatory requirement for each officer 2.1.3 The role of training and fostering of cadres and officers Firstly, cadres and officers need equipting knowledge, skills and methods to work Secondly, building civil servants is capable of creating an advanced and modern administration Thirdly, foster training activities are developmental tool 2.2 Content, methods and subjects of training and fostering of cadres and civil servants 2.2.1 Content of training and fostering of cadres and civil servants - Identifying the needs of foster traning - Preparing plan for training and fostering of cadres and officers - Organizing the implementation of training and fostering of civil servants - Checking and evaluating foster training 2.2.2 Methods of training and fostering of cadres and civil servants - Passive method - Student-centered method - Practical guide 2.2.3 Subjects of training and fostering of cadres and civil servants - State management of foster training cadres and officers - Facility of training and fostering cadres and civil servants 2.3 Factors affecting training and fostering of cadres and civil servants - Leaders awareness of training and fostering of cadres and officers - Institutions and policies on training and fostering of cadres and civil servants - Programs and documents for foster training civil servants - Teaching staffs - Fostering training establishments - The development of science and technology - International cooperation in foster training 2.4 Experience in training and fostering of cadres and civil servants of some countries in the world and reference value for Savanakhet province, Lao PDR 2.4.1 Experience in training and fostering of cadres and civil servants of some countries in the world - Training of civil servants has always been focused by the Party and Goverment of Vietnam with the following highlights: training focuses mainly on two subjects: administrative civil servants and grassroots civil servants; The training program focuses on two basic contents: equipping political theory knowledge and state management knowledge; Ministries and localities have focused on training and building a team of leaders and managers; they change the content of training and fostering civil servants especially foreign languages and IT; a number of ministries are creative and proactive in bringing new contents which are suitable to the characteristics of the ministries in training civil servants; foster training of knowledge and skills according to tittle - China is one of the countries that has made great efforts to improve the quality of civil servants to achieve the goal of professionalism and modernity according to international standards: It focuses on investing in developing the system of foster training institutions associated with the goal of building a contingent of civil servants that are capable of meeting job requirements in reform period and international integration; Moreover, China converts foster training model, which is according to the plan and targets, turns into the requirements of practice, ; constantly innovating the content and methods of foster training civil servants in a practical and effective manner, both meeting the job requirement and study of officers; Futhermore, there is implement innovation in structure and remunerative regime for lecturers participating in foster training civil servants; Besides,Chinainstitutionalizes the learning of officials and public servants of the Party and government; conducting foster training associated with self-training 2.4.2 Reference value for Savanakhet province, Lao PDR First, there is raising awareness of cadres and officers 10 - The People's Committee of Savanakhet province elaborates, promulgates and organizes the implementation of the plan of land acquisition under its management - Savanakhet Provincial Party Committee advises to the study regime of the provincial officers - Savanakhet Department of Home Affairs advises and helps the Provincial People's Committee to manage the state management of training and fostering civil servants - The political and administrative school of Savanakhet province implements foster training officers - The political training centers of district carry out political theory programs training 3.2.2 Result 3.2.2.1.Determining the needs of public service providers Every year, in order to determine the needs for training and fostering the contingent of civil servants, the Provincial People's Committee advertises The agencies determine the needs, making statistics and sending to the Department of Home Affairs for summarization The Department agrees on the survey form and agencies determine the demand for training and fostering the contingent of civil servants Besides, Sanavakhet province also creates a registration form for a number of training and retraining courses to orient civil servants to complete the standards according to their titles and clearly specify people to be sent for training 3.2.2.2 Planning the training and fostering of civil servants When implementing foster training, Sanavakhet province achieved some results For example, about fostering political theory: In the period from 2010 to 2017, the whole province had 376 civil servants participating in advanced theory training courses For intermediate political classes, there were 150 officers attending the training course in 2010, so the total number of civil servants with 13 intermediate level of political theory was 2545 people Then, 235 people had participated in the intermediate training course in political theory in 2017 so the total number of civil servants with intermediate level of political theory was 4445 people From 2010 to 2017 Sanavakhet province cooperated with Lao National Academy of Politics and Administration to open 08 advanced level courses in Political - Administrative Theory (376 students with 288 students that were graduated); 58 classes of Intermediate Political Theory Administration The province has organized 15 training courses of the Specialist program and 07 training courses of the Master program for years with state management knowledge so the total number of specialists was 12376 people, (increasing 3820 people compared to 2010) The number of pricipal specialists raises 13.2% in 2017, go up 4% compared to 2010 Besides, Sanavakhet province has sent 45 leaders at Department level and equivalent to train state management knowledge of senior specialist programs which is organized by the National Academy of Politics and Administration in Vientiane City Fostering defense and security knowledge: From 2010 to 2017, Sanavakhet province sent 2445 civil servants to participate in national defense and security knowledge training to implementation of a number of ordinances and decrees of the state Professional level: with foster training officers at a high level such as Doctorate, Master, Specialization I, and Specialization II at home and abroad (There were 281 post-graduate people training in the country, 18 people training abroad in Vietnam, Thailand, the United States, Korea, China, in 2017 ) and 29 people went to university by election 3.2.2.3 Organizing training and fostering of civil servants - The training facility: 14 School of Politics - Administration of Sanavakhet province is a non-business unit directly under the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial People's Committee Every year, Sanavakhet Provincial People's Committee approved training and retraining plan after that School of Politics - Administration meets with agencies to discuss some contents such as object of training, fostering enrollment, how to learn program content, class opening time, number of school days From 2010 to 2017, the School of Politics - Administration of Sanavakhet province has organized many training and retraining courses for example training intermediate classes in Political Administrative Theory, with 1701 students; Organized training courses for specialist, with 3271 students; Organized training courses for principal specialist with 871 students; Organized training courses on teaching methods of political theory for lecturers of politicaladministrative center of district and the Party Committee of the province; Fostering Party and Union work with 06 classes with 635 students - Regime and funding for training of civil servants Unit: million kip Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Funding 2946 3862 3980 4091 4204 4327 4419 4787 (Source: Sanavakhet Provincial Department of Home Affairs, 2018) - Teaching staff In addition to improving the qualifications and skills for officers, the People's Committee of Sanavakhet province also pays great attention to create favorable conditions to improve teaching skills and professional qualifications of the School of Politics and Administration in Sanavakhet province The survey shows that 789 officers (equivalent to 31.8%) think that lecturers from universities and colleges will be the most suitable and effective choice when 15 participating in teaching training classes Central experts are 29.9% (743 votes) and local rapporteurs are 26.3% (654 votes) In addition, some civil servants also suggested that training and retraining content is combined by lecturers and experts in each field - Curricula and materials for training and fostering Through the author's survey with 2500 civil servants from departments and districts in Sanavakhet province, it was found that 1588 people (equivalent to 63.9% of officers) who say that materials and curriculum of training courses are updated regularly Training and retraining materials and contents are also prepared meticulously When conducting the survey, with the question on the criterion "Quality of documents (photocopy, printing)", the author received the following results: very good rating with 768 votes; good level of 876 votes 1644 people (66.5%) rated it as very good and good about the quality of photocopying, printing of documents, content of training and fostering courses for public servants Only 11.3 officers (287 people) said that they found the preparation activities of documents, photocopying and printing is still weak Besides, there were 36.5% and equivalent to 908 officers said that the textbooks of training and retraining are highly practical - Regarding the implementation of regimes and policies for training and fostering of officers From 2010 to 2017, the city dealted with 786 postgraduate students with fee allowance After graduating from training programs 753 civil servants were approved by the city so they were raised their salary according to regulations Moreover, they were received their salary according to the qualifications that they have been trained According to the surveys, 35% officers said that Sanavakhet province had very good remuneration for public servants participating in training and retraining courses, and 40% respondents said that Sanavakhet province has good remuneration And only 5% 16 civil servants rated weakly, poorly on the province's remuneration for public servants 3.2.2.4 Inspection and evaluation of civil servants The Organizing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and the Department of Home Affairs are two agencies that evaluate the quality of public service training First, they are evaluation form of students about the training content, the quality of the teaching staff, materials, and facilities for learning, organization and management of the classroom; second, it is collected by opinions of agencies that send public servants to study The evaluation of civil servant training in Sanavakhet province is using assessment methods through analysis of the evaluation forms of civil servants sent to cadres after the course in order to collect evaluation information from learners nowadays At the end of the course, the class manager will summarize the students' votes based on the evaluation scale and the students' comments That will be the foundation for summarizing, drawing experience and improving the quality of civil service training courses in Sanavakhet province 3.2.3 Some limitations and reasons 3.2.3.1 Some limitations First, the identification of training and retraining needs of civil servants of agencies in the province has not been seriously implemented and still heavy on formality in terms of planning for training and retraining of public servants Second, the contingent of civil servants is not synchronized between quantity, quality and structure in terms of organization and implementation of training and assessment The current content of foster training is still unbalanced The teaching method is teacher – centered which is still heavy on presentation, students listen and take notes Despite efforts to innovate, there is still a situation that is running after numbers, not sending right students, not studying the 17 right majors that need training The facilities and equipment for training facilities are still limited Third, the assessment and inspection of foster traning activities is still weak and has not been implemented effectively 3.2.3.2 Causes of limitations First, committee member and local governments of the province not really appriciate the importance of training, fostering and improving the quality of cadres and civil servants Second, Sanavakhet province currently lacks regulations on training and fostering public officers Third, facilities serving the training and retraining civil servants in the province are still limited, with little investment in funding, facilities, teaching equipment The teaching staff is not still capable and the teaching method has not been updated in accordance with the current development trend Fourth, domestic and international cooperation in training and fostering officers in Sanavakhet province has not yet been implemented effectively Fifth, training and fostering activities for officers applies science, technology and information slowly CHAPTER ORIENTATION AND SOLUTION FOR TRAINING AND FOSTERING OF CADRES AND CIVIL SERVANTS IN SAVANNAKHET PROVINCE, LAO PDR 4.1 Perfect Orientation of training and fostering of cadres and civil servants in Savannakhet province, Lao PDR 4.1.1 Viewpoint of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party on training and fostering the contingent of cadres and civil servants - Continue consistently and apply Marxism-Leninism and Kaysone Phomvihane's thought 18 - Continue to build and consolidate ideological politics, carry out two strategic tasks along the line of comprehensive and principled renewal - Strengthen consensus of nation under the leadership of the Party; to ensure the preservation of revolutionary achievements and territorial sovereignty of the nation - To consistent to the foreign policy of peace, independence, friendship and co-operation , actively integrate into the international region, and expand relations with neighbor countries - Develop human resource as a decisive factor for national development in the new period In order to improve the effectiveness of the training and retraining of civil servants, the Organization Committee of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Democratic Party has set the task of carrying out cadre planning that must be associated with training and retraining and fostering cadres to improve the level and capacity to perform the tasks of the Lao civil service For the training program, it is necessary to renew the curriculum and teaching materials to suit each officers; suitable for each specific leadership and management position 4.1.2 Direction of training and fostering the contingent of cadres and civil servants in Sanavakhet province Training and fostering of officers must be based on the employment position, standards of ranks, standards of leadership and management positions, titles and human resource of agencies, and must ensure the rights and autonomy in communication activities of management agencies; the combination of decentralization and competition in traning and fostering cadres and officers; uphold the role of self-study and the rights of officers in selecting training programs according to job positions The appointment of public 19 servants to the training center must ensure publicity, transparency and efficiency, and at the same time must be associated with the implementation of priority policies for cadres and civil servants holding leadership and management positions; Public officials are female; cadres and civil servants who are ethnic minorities; Objects in the vicinity, source, young age, capable of development Allocating officers to the training courses must ensure publicity, transparency and efficiency, associated with the implementation of priority policies for cadres and civil servants holding leadership and management positions Officers are female; cadres and civil servants are ethnic minorities; Objects in the vicinity, source, young age, capable of development should be priority 4.1.3 Objectives of training and fostering the contingent of cadres and civil servants in Sanavakhet province + Training: - Training at intermediate, college and university levels for public servants in accordance with the development conditions and requirements of each region - Training at university level for public servants in case the agency that reorganized but they cannot arrange jobs suitable to their previously trained expertise - Post-graduate training is suitable to employment positions, ensuring according to planning and human resource development requirements of agencies and localities - Encourage self-study and post-graduate training in accordance with their expertise, associated with long-term use planning to meet the requirements of building high-quality human resources, industrialization and modernization globalization and international integration + Fostering: 20 ... training and fostering of cadres and officers - Organizing the implementation of training and fostering of civil servants - Checking and evaluating foster training 2.2.2 Methods of training and. .. TRAINING AND FOSTERING CADRES AND OFFICERS 2.1 The concept, characteristics and role of training and fostering of cadres and civil servants 2.1.1 The concept of training and fostering of cadres and. .. foster training cadres and officers - Facility of training and fostering cadres and civil servants 2.3 Factors affecting training and fostering of cadres and civil servants - Leaders awareness of training