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By: Hussain Al-Baharna METABOLIC ALKALOSIS Definition:  A Primary increase in serum HCO3, which leads to increase in pH >7.45. By: Hussain Al-Baharna METABOLIC ALKALOSIS Chloride loss Hypokalemia Volume contraction Loss of Acid Metabolic alkalosis  Causes: By: Hussain Al-Baharna By: Hussain Al-Baharna METABOLIC ALKALOSIS The Value of urine electrolytes:  In severe vomiting urine CL <10 mEq/L.  In diuretics Urine K >20 & CL>20mEq/L.  Corticosteroids & hyperaldosteronism Urine K >40 mEq/L.  Contraction alkalosis Urine Na<10 mEq/L. By: Hussain Al-Baharna METABOLIC ALKALOSIS Treatment:  Treat the underlying cause.  Replace the Fluid deficit.  Replace K deficit.  Hyperaldosteronism – K sparing diuretics as spironolactone or amiloride. By: Hussain Al-Baharna RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS Definition:  A “Primary” drop of paCO2 leading to increase in arterial “pH”> By: Hussain Al-Baharna RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS  Causes: 1. Hypoxia: pulm disease, anemia, heart failure, high altitude. 2. Respiratory center stimulation: CNS disorders, liver failure, sepsis, drugs, salicylates, etc. 3. Pulmonary disease: pneumonia, edema, emboli 4. Mechanical hyperventilation. 5. Hysterical. By: Hussain Al-Baharna RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS-ACUTE OR CHRONIC  Acute Respiratory Alkalosis: 1. A decrease in PaCO2 by 10 mmHg Increases pH by 0.08. 2. A decrease in PaCO2 by 10 mmHg Decreases HCO3 by 2 mEq/L.  Chronic Respiratory Alkalosis: 1. A decrease in PaCO2 by 10 mmHg Increases pH by 0.03. 2. A decrease of PaCO2 by 10 mmHg Decreases HCO3 by 4 mEq/L. By: Hussain Al-Baharna RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS  Treatment: Treat the cause. By: Hussain Al-Baharna . Al-Baharna METABOLIC ALKALOSIS Definition:  A Primary increase in serum HCO3, which leads to increase in pH >7.45. By: Hussain Al-Baharna METABOLIC ALKALOSIS Chloride. Volume contraction Loss of Acid Metabolic alkalosis  Causes: By: Hussain Al-Baharna By: Hussain Al-Baharna METABOLIC ALKALOSIS The Value of urine electrolytes:  In

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