By: Hussain Al-Baharna
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
Definition:
A Primary increase in serum HCO3, which leads
to increase in pH >7.45.
By: Hussain Al-Baharna
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
Chloride loss
Hypokalemia
Volume contraction
Loss of Acid
Metabolic alkalosis
Causes:
By: Hussain Al-Baharna
By: Hussain Al-Baharna
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
The Value of urine electrolytes:
In severe vomiting urine CL <10 mEq/L.
In diuretics Urine K >20 & CL>20mEq/L.
Corticosteroids & hyperaldosteronism
Urine K >40 mEq/L.
Contraction alkalosis Urine Na<10 mEq/L.
By: Hussain Al-Baharna
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
Treatment:
Treat the underlying cause.
Replace the Fluid deficit.
Replace K deficit.
Hyperaldosteronism – K sparing diuretics as
spironolactone or amiloride.
By: Hussain Al-Baharna
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
Definition:
A “Primary” drop of paCO2 leading to increase
in arterial “pH”>
By: Hussain Al-Baharna
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
Causes:
1. Hypoxia: pulm disease, anemia, heart failure,
high altitude.
2. Respiratory center stimulation: CNS disorders,
liver failure, sepsis, drugs, salicylates, etc.
3. Pulmonary disease: pneumonia, edema,
emboli
4. Mechanical hyperventilation.
5. Hysterical.
By: Hussain Al-Baharna
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS-ACUTE OR CHRONIC
Acute Respiratory Alkalosis:
1. A decrease in PaCO2 by 10 mmHg Increases pH by
0.08.
2. A decrease in PaCO2 by 10 mmHg Decreases HCO3
by 2 mEq/L.
Chronic Respiratory Alkalosis:
1. A decrease in PaCO2 by 10 mmHg Increases pH by
0.03.
2. A decrease of PaCO2 by 10 mmHg Decreases HCO3
by 4 mEq/L.
By: Hussain Al-Baharna
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
Treatment:
Treat the cause.
By: Hussain Al-Baharna
. Al-Baharna
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
Definition:
A Primary increase in serum HCO3, which leads
to increase in pH >7.45.
By: Hussain Al-Baharna
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
Chloride.
Volume contraction
Loss of Acid
Metabolic alkalosis
Causes:
By: Hussain Al-Baharna
By: Hussain Al-Baharna
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
The Value of urine electrolytes:
In