đại học cần thơ đại học cần thơ đại học cần thơ đại học cần thơ - - khoa nông nghiệp khoa nông nghiệp khoa nông nghiệp khoa nông nghiệp giáo trình giảng dạy trực tuyến QJ7S&ĂQ7K7HO)D[ :HEVLWHKWWSZZZFWXHGXYQNQQHPDLOGPLQK#FWXHGXYQYWDQK#FWXHGXYQ Giáo trình dinh dỡng gia súc chơng 8 tiêu hóa và trao đổi chất khoáng Chủ biên: PTS. Lu Hữu Mãnh Tham gia biên soạn: Th.S. Nguyễn Nhựt Xuân Dung và PTS Võ Văn Sơn Tháng 1 năm 1999 &KQJ 7,¥8+2±$9$®75$2¤¦º,&+£¼7.+2$±1* ,i$,&ml1* 0FGXKXKWFDFFKWNKRDQJWPWK\WURQJWQKLQXFRPWWURQJFDFP FXDQJYWYFKXQJFRWURQJWKFQ7X\QKLQNKQJSKDLFKWNKRDQJQDR FXQJFRYDLWURWURQJWUDRLFXDFWK7KXWQJNKRDQJWKLW\XGXQJ GLQWDQKQJFXWWKDPJLDYDRTXDWUQKWUDRLFXDFWKi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mv&1g1*&8t$&+h7.+2$v1* ;\GQJYDWXEFXWUXFFWK &D30J iLXKSKRDWQJFWK DiLXKRDDSVXWWKPWKXFXDWEDR. Г 1D Г &O 32 E&QEQJDFLGED]FLXKRDELFKWNKRDQJYDSURWHLQ .KRDQJ. Г 1D Г &O 32 3URWHLQDFLGDPLQ &+ 1+ Г &22 %DQJ7QJVLRQFXDFWKJLDVXFPHT &QJ %D] 1D Г . Г &D Г 0J Г $FLG 32 &O +&2 ) , 9WKQRLFKXQJWKGFKFRWLQKEDVHQKPDXFRS+OD FiLXKRDWDFQJFXD(Q]\PH&RIDFWRUFXD(Q]\PQK0J&X)H 0Q=Q&D0R&R G7DFQJWUQFKFQQJFXDESWKW&D Г NFKWKFKWLPYD1D Г . Г FRWDFGXQJLNKDQJYL&D Г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iQJODPWFWFRWQK WFKOX\QXFXQJFSFKRFRQYWPWVOQJQKRQKQJTXDWURQJNKX SKQFRQYWKDQJQJD\VHJ\UDQKQJWULXFKQJQJF9Y\NKQJQQ VGXQJFKWNKRDQJQKWODFDFFKWYLOQJPWFDFKEDEDL ,,,&+mv&1g1*7ms1*&+h7.+2$v1* &DOFLXP D&KFQQJ &DODFKWNKRDQJTXDQWURQJQKWWURQJFWKFRQYW/DWKDQKSKQ TXDQWURQJQKWFXDE[QJYDUQJWFKF[QJFWKDQKOSGRTXD WUQKKRDFWWLQKDQKVXQWLSKSX[QJ&DFWEDRVXQWKRDLKRDYD ELQPWYDFWKD\WKGQEQJFWEDR0DRTXDQKX\WSKQQKDQKYDRYD FWEDREWXNWWX&DWKDQKWFKF[QJ4XDWUQKQD\WLQKDQKOLQWXF YDFWEDROXQOXQSKDWVLQK &DJLXS[QJWQJWUQJGRRFXQJODPFWKWQJWUQJ ,RQ&D Г FQFKRSKDQQJQJKX\WYDQJVD ГiQJKX\W 3URWKURPELQГ\XWQJKX\WГ&D Г 7KURPELQ (Q]7KX\JLDL&+2 )LEULQRJHQГ7KURPELQ )LEULQSKQWQГ SHSWLG$ГSHSWLG%Г&+2Г1+ .WWS )LEULQSKQWQ )LEULQDKSFXFKX\W ГiQJVD 5HQQLQ &DVHLQ 3DUDFDVHLQ 3DUDFDVHLQ Г&D Г 3DUDFDVHLQDW&D FXFVD &D FR WDF GXQJ KRDW KRD QKLX HQ]\P QK OLSDVH VXFFLQLF GHK\GURJHQDVH$GHQRVLQWULSKRVSKDWDVHYDQKLXHQ]\PSURWHRO\WLF &DWKDPGWUFWLSYDRTXDWUQKFVYDGQWUX\QOXQWKQNLQK &DODPJLDPWKPWQKFXDPDQJWEDR 7DFGXQJKRDO\FXD&DWURQJYLFLXKRDDSVXWWKPWKXYDFQ EQJDFLGED]NKQJP\TXDQWURQJYDKLQGLQWURQJFDFWKGFKYLW\O UWWKSVRYLFDFLRQNKDFFRWDFGXQJLXKRDSKDQQJ\QK1D Г . Г &O YD+&2 E7KDQKSKQFXDE[QJ %[QJFRFXWUXFUWSKFWDSWKDQKSKQYWFKWNKFXDE[QJ [S[QKVDXFKWNKRDQJFKDJNJJSURWHLQNJJPNJ7X\ QKLQKDPOQJQ\WKD\LWX\WKHRWXLYDWQKWUDQJGLQKGQJ&DYD3OD KDLWKDQKSKQUWSKRQJSKXWURQJ[QJKLQGLQGLGDQJK\GUR[\DSDWLW &D 32 &D2+ ODQKQJWKUWFQJNKQJWDQ%[QJFKDNKRDQJ J&DNJJ3NJYDJ0JNJ 7URQJ[QJW\O&D3OD 7KDQKSKQKRDKRFFXDE[QJOXQELQQJELYFRPWOQJ OQ&DYD3FRWKFJLDLSKRQJEQJVKX\QJFXDFWKi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i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Г WKDFXQJFRDQKKQJQKWKD32 7V&D3WKFKKSFKRJLDVXFQKWODYDPFGXFR\NLQFKR UQJFRQYWQKDLODLFRWKFKXQJWOFDRKQi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dgQE\e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s oni tol P=O | OH | OH _ O _ = P C C CC C C | | | | | || | | | | H P P H H P P | P H P H H $FLGSK\WLF 6R YL SKRVSKDWHYFQKSKRVSKDWGLFDOFLXPWKPFVGXQJ SK\WDWFDOFLODJDFRQJDHKHRYDQKDLODLJQ %RVGXQJFQKLXSK\WDWQKFRSK\WDVHFXDYLVLQKYWFRQKHRJD FKVGXQJFPWWYFKFRPWWSK\WDVHO\WWKFQWKFYW G9DLWURFXDYLWDPLQ' %D\XWFKQKFXDSKQYPW&DYD3OD /QJ&DYD3SKDLX 7LV&D3SKDLWKFKKS 3KDLXYLWDPLQ' 9LWDPLQ'FRWDFGXQJODPWQJKSWKXFXD&DYDKX\QJ&DYDRPDX DQFDFWFKFWURQJFWKFXQJFSOQJ&DFQWKLW 1DWULXPYDFKORULGH D&KFQQJFXD1DWURQJFWK 1D Г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Г KRDWKRD . súc chơng 8 tiêu hóa và trao đổi chất khoáng Chủ biên: PTS. Lu Hữu Mãnh Tham gia biên soạn: Th.S. Nguyễn Nhựt Xuân Dung và PTS Võ Văn Sơn