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The water we locate is running in fissures of impervious rock and, as long as we bring the water straight up, it should give a good clean supply, though Cornwall is rich in minerals so y[r]
(1)LESSON 19 – April 21st, 2016 WORD FORMS SUPPORTING THE MUSEUM’S WORK Behind the scenes at the museum, over three hundred (1) are engaged in vital research into areas of (2) significance, (1) SCIENCE addressing issues such as water pollution, tropical disease, and (2) GLOBE the management of (3) systems Research at the museum is (3) ECOLOGY partly funded by your (4)….fee, but if you would like to make an (4) ADMIT (5)….donation, please so You can also support our work with (5) ADD a Museum Credit Card (6) SUBSCRIBE Please complete an application form at the Information Desk A (7) MEMBER further way to support our work is to become a member of the (8) REDUCE Museum by paying a small annual (6) fee The advantages of (7) include free entry, a free magazine, considerable (8) on prices in the Museum Shop and an exclusive programme of special events WRITING Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given Do not change the word given You must use between three and six words, including the word given Here is an example (0) I’ve never been at all interested in learning to play a musical instrument SLIGHTEST I’ve never had the slightest interest in learning to play a musical instrument Anna’s fed up with the company and she’s intending to leave work as soon as she can NO Anna’s fed up with the company and she’s got longer than she has to Susan picked the baby up gently, because she didn’t want to wake him TO Susan picked the baby up gently so him They were able to creep away unobserved because it was very dark OWING They were able to creep away unobserved .it was very dark The car was redesigned and, as a result, sales rose rapidly RESULTED The successful redesigning of the car in sales Despite improving his performance, Smith is still not in the top three for the 10,000 metres LED The improvement in Smith’s performance in the top three for the 10,000 metres We should leave about six, otherwise we might not get there in time for dinner SET If six, we might not get there in time for dinner You should make the sauce thicker if you want to improve the flavour THICKEN You’ll order to improve the flavour After several years, heavy traffic caused the bridge to collapse DUE The collapse several years of heavy traffic READING Read the following magazine article and answer questions Give only one answer to each question Margaret And Her Liquid Assets Margaret Wilkins is said to have a 'sixth sense' She can hold a forked haze rod above the ground and detect water She is increasingly in demand by farmers whose wells have dried up Together with her husband, Margaret Wilkins runs a welldrilling business, using technology such as drilling rigs and air-compressed hammers But when it comes to locating water, she needs nothing more than a forked hazel stick The couple's success rate is higher than 90 per cent Dowsing - the ability to locate water, minerals and lost objects underground - is a so-called 'sixth sense' There are many theories about how it is done, ranging from the physical, such as magnetism, to the spiritual One of the most credible is based on the knowledge that everything on this planet vibrates, water more than other matter It is suggested that dowsers have an acute ability to sense vibrations while standing on the Earth's surface; some dowsers say that they can 'sense' water, others that they can smell it, smell being the most acute sense For the Wilkins, the drought years of recent times have been busy, with an almost sixweek-long waiting list at one stage Most of Margaret's customers are farmers with wells that have dried up: 'We will see customers only once in a lifetime because wells last for a long time.' Other customers own remote cottages or barns, now holiday homes, where the expense of running water pipes for great distances is prohibitive Others are golf-course developers with clubhouse facilities to build Margaret tries to locate water between 50 and 70 metres down 'You can't drill a well where there is the slightest risk of farm or other waste getting into the water supply The water we locate is running in fissures of impervious rock and, as long as we bring the water straight up, it should give a good clean supply, though Cornwall is rich in minerals so you have to watch out for iron.' Another necessity is electricity to drive the pump; this is too expensive to run across miles of fields so ideally the well should be near to existing power supplies After considering all this, Margaret can start to look for water On large areas, such as golf courses, she begins with a map of the area and a pendulum 'I hold the pendulum still and gently move it over the map It will swing when it is suspended over an area where there is water.' After the map has indicated likely areas, Margaret walks over the fields with a hazel stick, forked and equal in length and width each side 'Once I'm above water I get a peculiar feeling; I reel slightly When it subsides I use the stick to locate the exact spot where we should drill.' Gripping the two forks of the stick with both hands, she eases them outwards slightly to give tension 'When water is immediately below, the straight part of the stick rises up It's vital to drill exactly where the stick says A fraction the wrong way, and you can miss the waterline altogether My husband will dowse the same area as me; usually, not always, we agree on the precise place to drill If we disagree, we won't drill and will keep looking until we agree.' Margaret Wilkins is not in isolation, carrying out some curious old tradition down in the west of England Anthropologists and writers have long been fascinated by this inexplicable intuition Margaret calls it an 'intuitive perception of the environment' and that is the closest we can get to understanding why she locates water so accurately If she did not have this 'sixth sense', how else could the family live off their well-drilling business year after year? What does the writer say about the theory of vibration and dowsers? A It has only recently been accepted B There are limits to its application C There might be some truth in it D It is based on inaccurate information One reason why people employ Margaret to find water is A the isolated position of their property B the failure of their own efforts C the low fees she charges for her work D the speed at which she operates Margaret is cautious about new finds of water in Cornwall because they may be (2) A unfit for human consumption B too insignificant to be worthwhile C too deep to bring to the surface D expensive to locate with certainty When Margaret and her husband use the dowsing stick to locate places to drill, they A are unlikely to achieve the same result B have regular differences of opinion C employ different techniques D are unwilling to take risks What does the writer suggest as proof of the effectiveness of Margaret's dowsing? A the interest shown in it by anthropologists and writers B the regular income which can be made from it C people's appreciation of the tradition behind it D people's description of it as a 'sixth sense REAGING THE ITALIAN CITY OF VENICE The Italian city of Venice is unique in its position as an island city The upload.123doc.net separate islands on which the city stands lie in a huge lagoon, the waters of which are protected (1) .the seaward side by a line of sandbanks with three gaps in them These gaps (2) .the tides to come in and out, (3) .with the city’s maritime traffic The lagoon, which was (4) .created by the interaction of Adriatic tidal (5) and the waters of several Alpine rivers, (6) careful protection and maintenance (7) prevent flooding of the very city it (8) The present urban structure of the city dates (9) .to the 7th century, (10) .a system of canals and bridges was built to link all the islands together The Grand Canal, the main waterway of Venice, divides the city (11) two parts It is (12) .with palaces, churches, hotels and other fine, historic buildings and (13) .the center of a network of more than 200 canals which branch off it on (14) side The gondola (15) one of the symbols of Venice; however, there are (16) than 400 of these boats left today and the cost of maintenance is impossibly (17) .There is also a variety of motor-powered boats on the canals, ranging (18) public water buses to private motorlaunch taxis Automobiles are (19) from the city but you can get everywhere you need to go (20) .foot, making use of the 400 or so canal bridges A for B in C on D with A pull B allow C let D leave A floating B along C also D combined A originally B firstly C formerly D surely A cliffs B ponds C shores D currents A wants B asks C needs D brings A in B by C to D for A covers B surrounds C floats D surfaces A back B long C before D years 10 A where B when C which D but 11 A at B by C to D into 12 A lining B joined C lined D full 13 A draws B is C has D shows 14 A either B every C has D consists 15 A remains B stays C has D consists 16 A hardly B few C least D fewer 17 A large B increased C big D high 18 A with B from C about D of 19 A refused B cut off C banned D allowed 20 A using B on C with D of READING Match the words on the left with the words on the right to form collocations, and then put them into the gaps in the text below heavy a ship high b attention fully c of aware d rain headed e for at f sea abandon g winds pay h equipped SURVIVORS OF THE STORM Few of the passengers had bothered to (1) .to the weather forecast on the radio before they boarded the car ferry for the short trip from the mainland to the island Minutes after they left port, though, the ship was hit by (2) and huge waves Then the ship came to a terrifyingly sudden stop It had run aground on a sandbank, and it would soon break up The captain ordered everyone to (3) immediately The lifeboats, full of frightened passengers, (4) the coast, which was several kilometres away and invisible owing to the (5) .that was falling Everybody was (6) the danger, but they also knew that the boats they were in were solidly-built and (7) .There was a ship-to-shore radio, as well as plenty of drinking water and food in case they had to spend some time (8) PHRASAL VERBS Fill the gaps in these sentences with an appropriate particle If you drop me on the corner, I can walk the rest of the way Why don't you take your coat and make yourself comfortable? I was woken by a rumble of thunder directly overhead 'Could you give me a lift to the airport tomorrow?' ~ 'Sure I'll pick you around 7.' If we set early, we'll miss the rush Don't throw your glass bottles Recycle them I haven't looked forward a holiday so much in years While she was pregnant, her husband waited her hand and foot These advertisements are specifically aimed young people 10 We've lived here so long we look Madaguoil as my home ONE-WORD FILLING Read the passage then think of ONE word that best suits each blank Why Climb Mountains? There’s (0) nothing more likely to irritate a mountaineer or explorer than to ask them why they it, or why they are so willing to put (1) .with danger and discomfort In 1924 when George Mallory was asked why he wanted to climb Mount Everest, he replied: ‘Because it’s there.’ It may be that, having been asked the same question several hundred times, Mallory just didn’t care any more and this was the first phrase to (2) Into his head Then again, for (3) .we know, it was simply his way of saying, ‘Why not?’ This might seem self-evident (4) .someone like Mallory You climb Everest because you can One way to look at people like mountaineers or explorers, or successful ones at any rate, is to see them (5) people who have realised what they are good at When you read their books, more often than (6) .they will come across as people who are (7) ease with their environment, (8) .alien it might seem to an outsider (3) KEY TO LESSON 19 WORD FORMS scientists global ecological admission additional subscription membership reduction(s) WRITING had the slightest interest no intention of working there / staying (any) as not to wake owing to the fact that resulted in a (rapid) rise/increase has not led to him /his being we don’t / not set off about need/have to thicken the sauce in of the bridge was due to READING 1 C - A - A - D - B READING C on B allow B along A originally D currents C needs C to B surrounds A back 10 B when 11 D into 12 B joined 13 B is 14 A either 15 A remains 16 D fewer 17 D high 18 B from 19 C banned 20 B on READING – d (heavy rain) – f (high winds) – h (fully equipeed) – c (aware of) – e (headed fro) – f (at sea) – a (abandon ship) – b (pay attention) PHRASAL VERBS off off up up off away to on at 10 on ONE-WORD FILLING NOTHING - up - come / pop - all - to - as - not – at - however (4)