Ly Thuyet: Indefinite pronouns: đại từ bất định Pronouns ones, someone, no one, anyone, everyone - One : thay cho 1 danh từ số ít đã được đề cập ở trước nhưng không muốn nhắc lại Eg : [r]
(1)TRƯỜNG THPT VÕ NGUYÊN GIÁP ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP ANH VĂN 11- HKI NĂM HỌC 2015- 2016 UNIT 1: FRIENDSHIP A Ly Thuyet: I Infinitive with TO and Infinitive without TO Infinitive with TO : + is used to express a purpose (chỉ mục đích) Ex : I’m learning English to get a good job + is used after adjectives (sau tính từ) Ex : I’m happy to see you + is used after interrogative pronouns:(sau Wh-words) what, who, where, why, how, Ex : Tell me what to + is used after indefinite pronouns: (sau các đại từ) something, nothing, anybody,… Ex : He has nothing to + is used after some verbs: want, need, decide, refuse, offer, hope, fail, agree, tend, plan, arrange, learn, promise, afford, care, manage, attempt, expect, Ex : I want to buy that house Infinitive without TO (V bare) + is used after some verbs : make, let, have ; and see, hear, watch, feel,… + Object + (V bare) Ex : Nothing can make him cry./ I saw the man get into the car + is used after modal verbs: will, shall, could, can, should, must, may, ….and after: had better, would rather,… Ex: I must speak to manager /You should go to bed early / He cannot anything but smile B Practice: * Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form: You mustn’t (use) _ phone in class I often go to the market (buy) food She promised (not be) there again I want (see) the house where our president was born He told me (try) _ (come) early You’d better (be) on time He always makes me (smile) Would you like ( go ) to the cinema now? I wish to have someone (talk) with 10 I don’t know where (go) now UNIT 2: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES A Ly Thuyet: I Tenses Simple present (Hiện đơn): khẳng định phủ định nghi vấn He / she / it + V-s /es He / she / it + doesn’t + V Does + he / she / it +V? I / You / We/ They +V I / You / We / They +don’t + V Do + I / you / we / they +V? Trạng từ thường gặp: usually, often, always, sometimes, as a rule, normally, ever, never… Ex: My father usually gets up at a.m Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) khẳng định phủ định nghi vấn S+ V-ed / V2 S+ didn’t + V Did + S + V? Trạng từ thường gặp : yesterday, ago, last… Ex : - I went to Ho Chi Minh city three days ago (2) Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) : S+ was/ were + Ving Ex: - I was watching TV at p.m yesterday - When he came, we were doing our homework at 7a.m yesterday morning Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành) S+ had + PP Use: Diễn tả hành động xảy và hoàn thành trước hành động khác quá khứ S + V2 / didn’t + Vinf + after + S + had + Vpp S + had + Vpp + before + S + V2 / didn’t + Vinf - By the time - When + Vsimple past, S + had + Vpp - Until B Practice: I (see) her last year I (do) _ my homework at p.m yesterday Before she (watch) _ TV, she (wash) _ her clothes The light (go) out while we (have) _ dinner As we (cross) _ the street, we (see) an accident Before Alice (go) _ to sleep, she (call) _ her family The bell (ring) while Tom (take) _ a bath Daisy (agree) with other members in the last meeting She (win) _the gold medal in 1986 10 I (be) _ very tired because I (work) _ all day yesterday 11 While my father (read) a newspaper, I (learn) my lesson and my sister (do) _ her homework at p.m yesterday 12 What you (do) _ yesterday? 13 Yesterday when she (come) to his house, I (do) my homework 14 David (be) born after his father (die) _ 15 After John _ (wash) his clothes, he began to study UNIT 3: PARTY A Ly Thuyet: INFINITIVE AND GERUND 1.1 Verbs followed by To-inf: V + (O) + To-inf - decide - expect - try / attempt - would like / love - agree - advise - tend - ask / want - refuse - intend - be willing - fail - desire / wish - order / require - demand - hope - tend - hesitate Ex: I expect to meet him tomorrow 1.2 Verbs followed by the gerund V + (O) + V-ing - avoid - mind - appreciate - practise - consider - finish - deny - delay / - miss - enjoy - keep - dislike/ hate / detest * Expressions: - look forward to - be worth - can’t help / bear / stand - be accustomed to - There’s no point in - be busy - It’s no good / use - be / get used to * Adj phrase with preposition + V-ing Ex: He is good at solving mathematical problems PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND 2.1 Examples: Examples: - She expects to be invited to Minh’s birthday party V to be + PP (3) - She enjoys being invited to Minh’s birthday party V being + PP 2.2 Form: Passive infinitive: To be + Past Participle Passive gerund: Being + Past Participle B Practice: Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct form: gerund or infinitive He tried (explain) but she refused (listen) At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) between two courses He avoided _ (see), so he wore a big false bear Would you mind (show) me how (work) the lift? He enjoyed (invite) to her wedding party He didn’t want (see) by Mary at the airport UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK A Ly Thuyet: GERUND AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE: (Danh động từ và phân từ) Form: V - ING Use a To form continuous tenses.+ Example: She is reading book now b As adjectives + Example: I love the noise of falling rain c Present participle is used after verbs of sensation (see, hear, smell, feel, listen to, notice, watch…) + Example: I see him passing my house everyday d Present participle is used after verbs: catch, find, leave + Object + Example: I caught them stealing my money e Present participle is used after verbs: go, come, spend, waste, be busy + Example: Tom is busy practising for the school concert PERFECT GERUND AND PERFECT PARTICIPLE ( Danh động từ hoàn thành và phân từ hoàn thành) Form Having + Past Participle Use 2.1 Perfect gerund: a is used instead of the present gerund form when we are referring to a past action.( đề cập đến hành động quá khứ) + Example: He was accused of having deserted his ship b is fairly usual after “deny” : + Example: He denied having been there 3.2 Perfect participle: a can be used instead of the present participle to replace a main clauses, (when one action is immediately followed by another with the same subject) b emphasizes that the first action is complete before the second one starts.( hành động hoàn thành trước hành động 2) + Example: Having finished his homework, Tom watched TV B Practice: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets (4) 1/ The boy was accused of…………………… (take) the car 2/ (Complete)……… …… the book, he had a holiday UNIT 6: COMPETITIONS A Ly Thuyet: Reported Speech with gerund a/ Having object: S + V + Object + preposition + V-ing * Verbs: accused …of, congratulate … on, prevent … from, thank … for, warm … against, stop… from * Example:- “You are not telling the truth, you are a liar!” They accused me of telling lies b/ Having no object: S + V + preposition + V-ing * Verbs: dream of, approve/ disapprove of, insist on, apologize for, think of, look forward to, deny, admit,+ V-ING B Practice: Write the following sentences using the words given “Let’s meet outside the cinema,” he said He suggested……………………………………………… “You didn’t pay attention to my lesson, Ha”, the teacher said The teacher accused …………………………………………… John spent his own money I can’t prevent him from that I can’t prevent ………………………………………………… 4.”Congratulations! You’ve succeeded in the interview, Kate,’’ Jane congratulated ……………………………………………… “ Thank you for helping me, Mary” he said He thanked ………………………………………………… UNIT 7: WORLD POPULATION A Ly Thuyet: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) Điều kiện loại : IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) If + S + Be am/ is/are V[-s/es]/ V don’t / doesn’t + V(inf) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính) S + will + V(inf) S + will not + V(inf) Will + S + V(inf)…? Unless = if…….not Ví dụ Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam - Sau Unless không dùng dạng phủ định (Ví dụ: không viết Unless you don’t write) Điều kiện loại 2, loại : (5) TYPE IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) II If + S + Be were S + V-ed/2 S + didn’t + V(inf) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính) S + would / could + V(inf) S + wouldn’t / couldn’t +V(inf) Would / Could + S + V(inf)… ? S + would / could have + V-ed/3 S + wouldn’t / couldn’t have + VIf + S + had + Vpp III ed/3 Would / Could + S + have + Ved/3…? Điều kiện loại : diễn tả việc không có thật Điều kiện loại : diễn tả việc không có thật quá khứ II CONDITIONAL IN REPORTED SPEECH Ex: 1.“If I have a lot of money, I’ll build houses for the poor.”, John said John said if he had a lot of money, he would build houses for the poor “ If today were Sunday, we wouldn’t go to school” they said to me => They told me if that day were/ had been Sunday, they wouldn’t go/ wouldn’t have gone to school B Practice: Put the verbs into the correct form If he (eat) all that, he will be ill If I (know) his address, I’d give it to you I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be) you If the rain (stop) _, I would have gone for a walk If he had done his homework last night, he (not/get) _ bad marks now Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech 1/ “ If I had any money I’d buy you a drink”, she said to me >…………………………………………… 2/ “ If I catch the plane I ‘ll be home by five” he said >…………………………………………………… 3/ “If I have enough time, I will write a letter to you” Nga said >………………………………………… 4/ “ If I’d had my mobile yesterday, I could have contacted you,” Tom said>…………………………… 5/ “ If I were you, I’d stop smoking” she said to her brother >………………………………………… Rewrite these sentences by using “If”: She will fail in the examination because she is lazy………………………………………… We don’t have holiday because we don’t have any money……………………………………… I don’t know the answer so I can’t tell you……………………………………………………… The little boy couldn’t eat the cake because it was very hot……………………………………… UNIT 8: A Ly Thuyet: Indefinite pronouns: ( đại từ bất định) Pronouns one(s), someone, no one, anyone, everyone - One : thay cho danh từ số ít đã đề cập trước ( không muốn nhắc lại) Eg : I don’t like the red shirt; I prefer the blue one.(shirt) - Ones : thay cho danh từ số nhiều đã đề cập trước Eg: Don’t buy the sour oranges Buy the sweet ones (oranges) (6) - Someone (Somebody): thường dùng câu khẳng định, có thể dùng câu nghi vấn người nói muốn nghe câu trả lời ‘yes’ Eg : There’s someone waiting for you in the living room Did someone call me last night ? ( - Yes, Jane did.) - Anyone(Anybody): dùng câu phủ định và nghi vấn Eg : Have you met anyone like him ? Don’t tell anyone my secret - No one (Nobody) : dùng với động từ khẳng định ý tưởng câu mang nghĩa phủ định Eg: No one likes her stories - Everyone (Everybody) : dùng câu khẳng định, đề cập đến người tất người (nhưng động từ chia số ít) Eg : Everyone has been already for the game Phonetics (ngữ âm) * CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S"CUỐI : trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều động từ số ít /s/ Khi sau các phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants): /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,//,/h/ Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books / iz / Khi sau phụ âm rít : /z/, /s/, /dz/, / t∫/, / ∫ /, /z/ Hoặc các chữ cái: s, x, z, ch, sh, ce, ge Ex: washes , kisses , oranges… // z / Không thuộc hai loại trên Ex: bags , kids , days … Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, có ngoại lệ cần nhớ: - Chữ s đọc /z /sau các từ: busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison -Chữ s đọc /'∫/ sau các từ: sugar, sure * CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle: “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : Ex: wanted; decided “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/ chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :.Ex: asked; stopped; laughed “-ed ” pronounced as / d /: Trừ trường hợp trên : Ex: moved; played; raised Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed các tính từ sau phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked, *STRESS - Một số quy tắc để nhận biết trọng âm 1/ Trọng âm thường ít rơi vào các tiền tố (prefix) và hậu tố (suffix) ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather * Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn từ gốc V + ment: ag'ree(thoả thuận) =>ag'reement V + ance: re'sist( chống cự ) =>re'sistance (sự chống cự) V + er : em'ploy(thuê làm) => em'ployer( chủ lao động) V + or : in'vent ( phát minh) => in'ventor V + ar : beg (van xin) => 'beggar( người ăn xin) V + al : ap'prove( chấp thuận) => ap'proval V + y : de'liver( giao hàng)=> de'livery( giao hàng) V + age: pack( đóng gói ) => 'package( bưu kiện) V + ing : under'stand( hiểu) => under'standing adj + ness : 'bitter ( đắng)=> 'bitterness( nỗi cay đắng) (7) 2/ Nói chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn /∂/ hay /i/ * Ex: a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather , pro'duct , for'get , de'sign , en'joy 3/ Một từ hai vần vừa là động từ vừa là danh từ thì Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record, refuse * Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v) 4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes) sau đây vần : -ION, -IC, -IAL , -ICAL, -UAL, -ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -GRAPHY , -NOMY , -METRY EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience, im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography, pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical, po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics, scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television 5/ Trọng âm rơi vào các vần cuối sau đây: -ADE, -OO, -OON, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -ESE, -AIRE, -SELF, -ETTE, -ESQUE Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon *Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon… * Word form and word meaning: Nouns: Danh từ thường đứng các vị trí sau: a Chủ ngữ câu ( S ) b Sau tính từ tính từ sở hữu ( adj + N, her/ his/ my/ their/ ‘s ……… + N ) c Sau mạo từ: a/ an/ the ( a/ an/ the + adj + noun ) d Sau giới từ: ( of, in, on, from, to, about, with ) từ số lượng ( a few/ little, some, any, much, most… Adjectives: Tính từ thường đứng các vị trí sau: a Trước danh từ, bổ nghiã cho danh từ b Sau động từ “ to be” động từ “ linking verbs" ( get, seem, keep, make, become, feel ……… ) c Sau các cấu trúc: so… that, enough…, too… to, dạng so sánh ( more, most, less, as as ) Adverbs: Trạng từ thường đứng các vị trí sau: a Trước sau động từ thường: ( S - V … + adv S + adv + V … ) b Trước tính từ: ( be, seem … + adv + adj … ) c Đầu câu ( sau dấu phẩy ) cuối câu B Practice: I Fill in the blanks with the pronouns: one(s), someone, anyone, no one, or everyone Nearly _on the Internet uses e-mail to communicate with each other _ has left their bag behind I’ve got some stamps here Which is the _you like? Was there _ you knew at the meeting? Goodbye, _ I’ll see you next week There’s _at the door II Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition Children usually are given 'lucky money' _ Tet Banh Chung, which is made sticky rice, is one of Tet's special foods The New Year is celebrated _ night _ January (8) There are usually a lot of party _ New Year’s Eve Vietnamese people prepare _ Tet several weeks beforehand We decorated our Christmas tree _ a lot of colored and shiny little bells Many people go to the pagoda to pray _ a happy year FURTHER PRACTICE I Put out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others A dinner B drink C river D child A young B.use C year D.unhappy A.literacy B minority C library D primary A family B father C market D party A chemistry B children C schooling D character A general B education C secondary D remember A figure B sticky C limit D excite A agrarian B traditional C population D popular A clean B reach C peach D wear 10 A special B express C method D reward II Choose the word that has stress pattern different from that of the other words 1.A number B eager C special D affair A feeling B believe C ready D easy A acquaintance B interest C capable D sympathy A experience B embarrass C floppy D embrace A operation B revision C education D population A opportunity B competition C activity D population A increase B figure C remote D affect III VOCABULARY We should take care of war invalids and family of martyrs A look after B look into C look for D look at Shy people often find it difficult to _ group discussions A take place in B take part in C get on with D get in A person who has been chosen to speak or vote for someone else on behalf of a group A contestant B competitor C examinee D representative One third of the world’s _ consumes two thirds of the world resources A people B men C population D human The practice of controlling the number of children a person has, using various methods of contraception is called _ A family planning B birth control C population D A & B A special event that people organize to memorize something A birthday B wedding C house warning D celebration Banh Chung is made _ sticky rice, green beans and fatty pork A of B from C with D by Many people go to the pagoda to _ for a happy year for themselves and their family A pray B long C desire D ask Schools need to help children to read and write A volunteers B pioneers C engineers D innovators 10 I looked everywhere but I couldn't find _ at all A no one B anyone C someone D somebody 11 A person who decides who has won a competition is called a(n) A referee B judge C investigator D witness 12 Teenagers often have their who they admire very much A ideals B admirers C images D idols (9) 13 A: What’s Tet? B: It’s time when Vietnamese people celebrate beginning of spring A X/ the B the/ the C a/ a D a/ the 14 Good friendship should be based on understanding A give and take B unselfish C loyal to D mutual 15 The population of the world has been _ faster and faster A increasing B decreasing C falling D changing IV Supply the correct form of the word in bold I’ve never felt so ( embarrass ) in my life! They had a really good chance of winning the national (compete) Over 30,000 will run in the New York marathon (compete) We would like to see closer ( cooperate ) .between parents and schools The work of the charity is funded by ( volunteer ) donations They went hiking in a ( mountain) region What’s the (populate) of the world? * Word form and word meaning: Nouns: Danh từ thường đứng các vị trí sau: e Chủ ngữ câu ( S ) f Sau tính từ tính từ sở hữu ( adj + N, her/ his/ my/ their/ ‘s ……… + N ) g Sau mạo từ: a/ an/ the ( a/ an/ the + adj + noun ) h Sau giới từ: ( of, in, on, from, to, about, with ) từ số lượng ( a few/ little, some, any, much, most… Adjectives: Tính từ thường đứng các vị trí sau: d Trước danh từ, bổ nghiã cho danh từ e Sau động từ “ to be” động từ “ linking verbs" ( get, seem, keep, make, become, feel ……… ) f Sau các cấu trúc: so… that, enough…, too… to, dạng so sánh ( more, most, less, as as ) Adverbs: Trạng từ thường đứng các vị trí sau: d Trước sau động từ thường: ( S - V … + adv S + adv + V … ) e Trước tính từ: ( be, seem … + adv + adj … ) f Đầu câu ( sau dấu phẩy ) cuối câu V Reading: units 1-8 ( read carefully) (10) (11)