7 SNiP 2 03 01 84 concrete and reinforced concrete structures

911RWIGIUIRIESS SNIP 2.03.01-84 1997 Edition National Building Codes Of Russia Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures SNIP 2.03.01-84 SNIP 2.03.01-84 Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures This publication is a compilation of building codes and regulations of the Russian Federation and may be used for educational and reference purposes only Information in this document is subject to change without notice Each chapter of this publication carries its own numerical index No part of this index must be considered in any sense as the official wording or interpretation of the original document Although every care has been taken to ensure accuracy of translation, the publisher can not accept responsibility for any errors or omissions that may occur in the publication This material shall be used in conjunction with applicable requirements of the laws, codes, ordinances and regulations of federal, stale, municipal and other authorities having jurisdiction SNIP Register Inc makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material SNIP Register Inc shall not be liable for any errors, damages or losses, in connection with use of this material To ensure that you have latest revision of this document, please contact us: In North America: SNIP Register Inc P.O.Box 81048 Chicago, IL 60681 -0048 U.S.A In Europe: Russian National Institute of Progressive Technologies and Information for Construction 125047 Moscow 1st Tverskaya-Yamskaya RUSSIA ISBN 1-57937-049-7 57 370 1996-1997 by SNIP Register, Inc All rights reserved, No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic mechanical or other, for any purpose, without the express wntten permission of SNIP Register, Inc Copyright SNIP and SNIP Logo are registered trademarks of SNIP Register, Inc All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners Printed in U.S.A Recycle S5200184 SNIP BUILDING CODES OF RUSSIA Contents SNIP CUSTOMER SERVICE AND SALES At Your Service Contacts Change of Address Terms Catalogs Payment Discounts Shipping SUMMAR Y Introduction To SNIP Phonetic Equivalents CHAPTER GENERAL ECCENTRICALLY COMPRESSED MEMBERS WITH RECTANGULAR AND ANNULAR SECTIONS 49 III MEMBERS IN CENTRAL TENSION III Ill 54 RECTANGULAR MEMBERS IN ECCENTRIC TENSION54 III III III III III III IV IV BASIC PROVISIONS BASIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED STRUCTURES BASIC RULES OF CALCULATION OF PLANE AND MASSIVE STRUCTURES WITH REGARD TO NONLINEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE TYPICAL CASE OF DESIGN (FOR ANY SECTION, EXTERNAL FORCES AND REINFORCEMENT) 56 STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF SECTIONS INCLINED TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF A MEMBER 59 STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL SECTIONS (MEMBERS IN BENDING AND TORSION) 64 RECTANGULAR MEMBERS 65 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS FOR LOCAL LOADS 67 STRENGTH UNDER LOCAL COMPRESSION 67 STRENGTH UNDER PUNCHING 70 BREAKING-OFF STRENGTH 71 DESIGN OF INSERTS 72 FATIGUE STRENGTH OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS 74 14 CHAPTER MATERIALS FOR CONCRETE AND 17 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES CHAPTER CALCULATION OF MEMBERS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES BY GROUP TWO LIMIT STATE 75 CONCRETE 17 DESIGN FOR CRACKING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS SPECIFIED AND DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE 21 CRACKING NORMAL TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF A MEMBER 75 REINFORCING STEEL 22 SPECIFIED AND DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS OF REINFORCEMENT 32 CHAPTER CALCULATION OF MEMBERS OF CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES BY GROUP ONE LIMIT STATE 41 STRENGTH DESIGN OF CONCRETE MEMBERS 41 ECCENTRICALLY COMPRESSED MEMBERS 42 BENDING MEMBERS 45 STRENGTH DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS 45 STRENGTH DESIGN OF SECTIONS NORMAL TO THE 45 LONGITUDINAL CE! JTER LINE OF A MEMBER RECTANGUALR T-SHAPED I-SHAPED AND CIRCULAR MEMBERS IN BENDING nom BUILDING CODES OF RUSSIA 75 CRACKING INCLINED TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF A MEMBER 79 CALCULATING THE CRACK WIDTH OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS 79 THE WIDTH OF CRACKS NORMAL TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF A MEMBER 80 THE WIDTH OF CRACKS INCLINED TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF A MEMBER 82 CALCULATING THE CLOSURE OF CRACKS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS 83 CLOSURE OF CRACKS NORMAL TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF A MEMBER 83 CLOSURE OF CRACKS INCLINED TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF A MEMBER 84 CALCULATING DEFORMATIONS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS 84 47 S5200184 - I CALCULATING THE CURVATURE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS IN AREAS WITHOUT CRACKS 54 IN THE TENSION ZONE CALCULATING THE CURVATURE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS IN AREAS WITH CRACKS IN THE TENSION ZONE 86 CALCULATION OF DEFLECTIONSI CHAPTER STRUCTURAL DETAILING 89 93 MINIMUM SECTION SIZE 93 PROTECTIVE LAYER OF CONCRETE 93 MINIMUM SPACING OF REINFORCING BARS 95 ANCHORAGE OF ORDINARY RdINFORCEMENT 96 APPENDIX PRINCIPAL TYPES AND APPLICATION OF REINFORCING STEEL IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES 115 APPENDIX APPLICATION OF CARBON STEEL FOR INSERTS 117 APPENDIX PRINCIPAL TYPES OF WELDED CONNECTIONS OF REINFORCEMENT 118 APPENDIX PRINCIPAL TYPES OF WELDED CONNECTIONS OF BAR REINFORCEMENT WITH ROLLED STEEL MEMBERS 122 LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT OF MEMBERS 98 TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT 100 APPENDIX SYMBOLS 125 KEY WORDS 128 WELDED CONNECTIONS OF THE REINFORCEMENT 102 AND INSERTS LAP CONNECTIONS OF NON-PRESTRESSED REINFORCEMENT (WITHOUT WELDING) 103 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 106 LIST OF REFERENCE DOCUMENTS FOUND IN TEXT 130 SPECIAL REQIREMENTS TO PRESTRESSED CONCRETE MEMBERS 107 CONVERSION TABLES JOINTS OF PRECAST STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS104 CHAPTER ASSESSMENT OF CONCRETE 109 STRUCTURES GENERAL 109 THE ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE 110 Graphic Scales SI Prefixes Si Units, Derived Units and Symbols Unit Conversion Factors SI Units Length St Units Area 131 131 131 132 133 135 135 THE ANALYSIS AND DETAILING OF STRUCTURES TO 112 BE STRENGTHENED S 0000 000 - 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111 Summary This Code shall be applied to the design of plain concrete• and reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures of various types constructed in areas with temperatures not exceeding +50 °C and not lower than -70 °C This Code establishes standards for the design of concrete and reinforced concrete of normal-weight concrete, fine-aggregate concrete, lightweight, cellular, aerated and self-stressed concrete This Code shall not be applied to concrete and reinforced concrete members of hydraulic structures, bridges, transportation tunnels, culverts, pavements of roads, highways and airfields, structures of feoccement, structures of concrete with an average density lower than 500 kg/m3 and higher than 2500 kg/m , polymer modified concrete, with gypsum and special-purpose binders, concrete containing with special and organic aggregates, and porous concrete The design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures operated under special conditions (seismic, corrosive environment, high humidity, etc.) shall meet additional requirements set by the appropriate regulatory documents This Code is using classification of concrete by design strength established by ST SEV 1406-78 List of symbols (in compliance with ST SEV 1565-79) used in the text can be found in Appendix a is used to define concrete that is unreinforced or contains less rernforceinent than the Ptain concrete hereinafter referred to as "concrete "(vs 'reinforced concrete minimum specified for reinforced concrete by appropriate federal standards - Editor Introduction To SNIP SNIP is a uniform system of national construction regulations of the Russian Federation SNIP includes building, structural, mechanical, electrical, and codes; fire and life safety codes; standards for building materials and products; technical specifications; codes of practice; cost estimate methods Unlike ANSI, NEPA, or BOCA, SNIP is not an organization for code development, administration, or enforcement It is a system of standards, collectively developed by over 60 professional research institutes and laboratories under the supervision of the State Committee for Housing and Construction Policy of Russia (formerly, the Ministry of Construction), which is responsible for SNIP code enforcement throughout the Russian Federation Designed to protect public health, safety and welfare, the Russian codes-use a different organizational structure in comparison to the classification used for codes of the United States and other developed countries SNIP indexing system was substantially reformed in 1994 It is based on the eight Divisions and consists of three sets of digits First set indicates a Group of documents in the Division Then after a dash - an ordinal number of the document in the Group_ And two last figures represent a year of the document approval All documents issued after 994 follow the new indexing system Documents issued before 1994 will retain their original indexing until next revision SNIP is dedicated to helping architects, engineers, construction professionals, developers and facility managers better serve the world by providing them access to the essential information they need to successfully perform their work in Russia Phonetic Equivalents Russian English A Russian A a English a b B V B v r G r A D A d E E 3K ZH o e )K zh Z Z H I N I K K x k II L n I M M M m H N H n 0 o o n P n p P R p r C s c s T T T t y U y u F CI3 X x x x 14 C - tt c w - w - W - W - 61 - bl - - - 10 - lo - 11 - 13 000000 - IV I - BUILDING CODES OF RUSSIA EMI CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES SNIP 2.03.01-84 Chapter GENERAL BASIC PROVISIONS Section 1.1 Concrete and reinforced concrete structures shall provide required reliability to prevent all types of limit states by introducing appropriate structural analysis, selection of materials, sizing, and design in accordance with ST SEV 1406-78 Section 1.2 The selection of structural solutions shall be based on technical specifications and financial conditions of a particular project to ensure reduced s umption of materials, -energy, labor and implication of cost-saving methods to be achieved by: • using efficient building materials and structures; • reducing weight of structures; • full utilization of physical and mechanical characteristics of materials; • using domestic building materials; • complying with requirements for economic use of major building materials Section 1.3 Structural design shall ensure the required strength, stability and 3-dimensional stiffness of buildings and structures as a whole and of individual members in particular at all stages of construction and maintenance Section 1.4 Members of precast structures shall meet specifications for fabrication at.specialized facilities The selection of precast elements shall give preference to pre-stressed members of highstrength concrete and steel as well as to members of light-weight and cellular concrete where their use is not limited by other regulations It is advisable to fabricate precast elements as large as possible considering load capacity of lifting mechanisms, fabrication specifications and transportability of elements to construction site Section 1.5 Standard sizes shall be used for the design of cast-in-place structures to allow use of standard framework assemblies Reinforcement elements shall be used in enlarged assemblies if possible Section 1.6 The connections of precast structures shall be designed for proper strength and durability The connection elements of precast structures shall be designed and fabricated so that they can safely transfer forces, sustain loads, and provide reliable adhesion of the joint filling concrete with the precast components Section 1.7 Concrete members shall be used: a) mostly in structures working under compression with low eccentricities of longitudinal force not exceeding values given in Section 3.3; b) particularly in structures working under compression with highet eccentricities and in flexible structures when their failure does not endanger human life or equipment (members sitting on the solid foundations, etc.) MEM BUILDING CODES OF RUSSIA S5200184 - SNIP-2.03.01-84 CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Note: Section 1.8 Concrete structures shall be defined as the ones, for which strength in the process of use is solely ensured by concrete Design winter temperature of outdoor air shall be assumed to be the average temperature measured during five coldest days in a row depending on the region of the site in accordance with SNIP 2.01.01.82 Climatology and Geophysics Design temperatures for the structural performance shall be established in the Assignment for Design The outdoor air humidity shall be assumed as the average relative humidity of the hottest month depending on the region as the relative humidity inside heated room in accordance with SNIP 2.01.01.82 Climatology and Geophysics Section 1.9 Symbols and their indexes for basic parameters used for calculation of structures used in the text are in compliance with ST SEV 1565-79 BASIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Section 1.10 Concrete and reinforced concrete shall meet design requirements for structural calculations for load-carrying capacity (Group ultimate limit state) and for suitability for ordinary use (Group ultimate limit state) a) The Group ultimate limit state design shall protect structures against: brittle, ductile or any other mode of failure (strength design taking into account deflection of a structure before failure where necessary); buckling of a structure (design for stability of thin-walled members, etc.) or stability of position (design for tilting or slipping of retaining walls, for floating of submerged or underground tanks, pump plants, etc.); fatigue failures (fatigue design of members under alternating loads, moving or pulsing, such as crane beams, sleepers, frame foundations and floors for some unbalanced mechanisms, etc.); failure under combined action of force factors and unfavorable impacts of the environment (periodic or continuous action of a corrosive environment, alternate freezing and thawing, fire, etc.); b) The Group serviceability limit state design shall protect structures against: formation of cracks and their excessive or prolonged development (if cracking or their development is inadmissible during the use of structure); excessive displacements (deflections, skewing and rotation angles, and oscillations) Section 1.11 The limit state design of a structure as a whole or of structural elements shall be carried out for all stages, including fabrication, transportation, erection and service Calculation methods shall correspond to the structural solutions It is allowed not to perform the design for the crack width and for deformation if it is determined by the test or proved by practice that the crack width in the given concrete structure does not exceed critical values and the stiffness of the structure is sufficient during its operation Section 1.12 S5200184 - Value of loads and stresses, reliability factors for loads, combination coefficients, and classification of loads as of permanent and temporary, shall be assumed in accordance with SNIP 2.01.07-89 Loads and Stresses BUILDING CODES OF RUSSIA SNIP CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES SNIP 2.03.01-84 The loads shall be multiplied by specified reliability factors depending on the significance of buildings and structures in accordance with the requirements established by the federal building authorities The loads to be considered in the Group limit state design (service loads) shall be assumed as specified in Sections 1.16 and 1.20 Sustained loads shall include a part of the total of live loads specified in SNIP 2.01.07-89 Loads and Stresses Total live load shall be reduced by the value already included in the sustained load The load combination coefficients and the load reduction coefficients shall be related to the total of short-term loads For structures exposed to solar radiation and constructed in climatic sub-region IVa, the calculations shall take temperature effects into account in accordance with SNIP 2.01.01.82 Climatology and Geophysics Fire resistance of concrete and reinforced concrete structures shall be provided in accordance with appropriate regulatory documents Section 1.13 Calculations of forces imposed on precast elements by lifting, transportation and erection, shall consider dead load to be applied with a dynamic coefficient as follows: for transportation 1.60; for lifting and installation 1.40 For the specified coefficients it is allowed to assume reduced values under certain circumstances but not lower than 1.25 Section 1.14 Section 1.15 Strength, cracking, crack width and deformations of mixed (cast-in-place and precast) and cast-in-place structures with load-bearing steel shall be calculated for the following two stages of structure's behavior: a) for the effects of the weight of concrete places at the site and for other loads imposed at this stage of erection before a specified strength is attaied by concrete; b) for loads imposed at this stage of erection and during service after the specified strength is attained by concrete Forced is statically indeterminate reinforced concrete structures caused by loads and forced displacementsidue to temperature changes, moisture content of concrete, displacement of supports etc.), and those on statically determinate structures when the latter are calculated according to the deformation mode, shall be determined with regards to inelastic deformations of concrete and steel and to the presence of cracks For statically indeterminate structures and for intermediate design stages with respect to inelastic properties of reinforced concrete, forces can be defined on the assumption of their linear elasticity, if design procedures for statically indeterminate structures have not been developed yet with respect to inelastic properties of reinforced concrete Section 1.16 Crack resistance of structures or parts thereof shall meet specifications of appropriate categories according to their service environment and to the type of the reinforcement used therein as follows: a) Category 1: cracking is not permitted; bl Category 2: brief cracking with a limited width cracks are closed (compressed) securely later; e) Category brief Nidth ,.k„ : are permitteu SHIPPF BUIL:ING :GEES OF RUSSIA -vith a limited width is permitted provided that a and prolonged cracking with 55200184 - SNIP 2.03.01-84 CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Continued Welding method 26 Manual arc welding continuous welds with round caps Connection diagram Location of rods during welding Horizontal and vertical /-_ f i — 1,:t Diameter of rods (in mm) Class and grade of reinforcing steel Remarks 10-40 A-I 10-80 A-Il 10-40 A-Ill 10-22 At-IlIC Connections of reinforcement steel of class AIV and A-V shall be done with shifted caps it is allowed to use doublesided weld connections for steel of classes A-I, A-IL A-Ill, 10-22 A-IV 10-28 At-IVC 10-22 A-V iii -ap-v.-c1ded c.- onnc:- tions _ -1— II 411 gir Same as above 10-40 10-25 10-25 10-22 SNIPe EiLJILS G _U < 'c, 'cQ 27 Manual arc welding continuous welds It is allowed to use doublesided weld connections for steel of classes A-1, Ac-I1 of group 10GT S5200184 - 121 CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES SNIP-2.03.01-84 Appendix PRINCIPAL TYPES OF WELDED CONNECTIONS OF BAR REINFORCEMENT WITH ROLLED STEEL MEMBERS Welding method Connection diagram Location of rods during welding Min ratio of thickness of flanges(webs) of rolled steel elements to diameter of rods Diameter of rods (in mm) Class reinforcing steel Remarks T-shaped connection Vertical Automatic using flux without filler 0.50 8-40 A-I 0.55 10-25 A-II 0.65 28-40 /5 8-25 0.65 28-40 10-18 Vertical 0.75 A-Ill At-ItIC 8-16 10-16 < Manual using flux without filler - , 8-16 Elrilta Vertical Vertical 0.50 12-25 0.50 12-25 0.55 12-25 0.55 12.18 0.75 8-40 0.75 10-18 —= •c'(a -7 Resistance projection welding Vertical _ =E rk,k Manual with bead welds 7' Semiautomatic in CO2 0.40 10-20 A-I; A-II 0.50 10-20 A-III 0.50 8-40 0.65 10-40 It is recommend ed to use this method for fabrication of inserts of type "closed table" Same as above Thickness of flange (web) shall be not less than mm (Continued) S5200184 - 122 BUILDING CODES OF RUSSIA SNIFte SNIP 2.03.01-84 CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Continued) Welding method Connection diagram Semiautomatic in CO2 in deeppressed opening i Location of rods during welding Min ratio of thickness of flanges(webs) of rolled steel elements to diameter of rods Vertical _(/ Vertical 1- Class reinforcing steel Remarks 0.30 10.36 A-I; A-II 0.40 10-36 A-Ill Same as above 0.40 10-18 At-IIIC 0.40 8-25 0.40 10 25 S./ kJ 8-25 d11111/4., Horizontal 0.50 = 10 Horizontal I A-II 0.50 Vertical 0.50 8-16 (c.L = 25-85°) 0.55 10-16 Same as 10-16 Vertical 0.50 18-25 r/.= 60-85°) 0.55 18-25 0.55 18-25 - `':( B-16 0.65 '-774 0.65 to flange(wet) of rolled steel element A-Ill -2( filler at an angle 17 32-40 Welding i n shall performed standard forms above 10 Automatic usfig flux without 11 Same as above, at an angle to facet of flange(web) of rolled steel element 16-40 A-I Manual arc welding with multilayer welds • - 10-18 Weldpool welding using single electrode Same as above tEL Automatic using flux over orojp ,-.tion without filler Diameter of rods (in mm) - Vertical 0.50 8.16 A-I (cr = 5-251 0.55 10-16 A-II 14• 11" 0.65 8-16 A-Ill 0.65 10-16 At-MC - II Lap connection 12 Resistance Horizontal 0.30 I 1% 6-14 10-14 -o welding over single projection 6-14 10-14 _.4- „xi' / _ Horizontal 0.30 6-16 10-16 6-16 10-16 = 1-12= velding over double projection < 13 Resistance Thickness of flange (web) shall be not less than mm Same as above • Conunue7., SNIPS 55200184 - 123 CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES SNIP-2.03.01-84 Continued Welding method 14 Manual arc with longitudinal fillet welds Connection diagram , F_ _ J Location of rods during welding Min ratio of thickness of tlanges(webs) of rolled steel elements to diameter of rods Diameter of rods (in mm) Class reinforcing steel Remarks Horizontal and vertical 0.30 10-40 A-I;A-11; Same as above A-111 10-22 At-111C; 10-28 At-IVC 10-22 A-V A-1V S5200184 ' DUILDMG CODES OF RUSSIA SNIPS CONCRETE AND RENEORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES SNIP 2.03,01-84 Appendix SYMBOLS Stresses caused by outside loads and forces M - bending moment; N longitudinal force; Q - lateral force; T- turning moment Parameters of pre-stressed element P - force of prestressing, found using formula (8), with the account of losses of "'omen, work; prestressing force at any - prestressed forces m reinforcement S and S' before prestressing of concrete or , at the moment of minimizing of stress in concrete by applying outer factual or relational forces, calculated in accordance with Sections 1.23 and 1.28, with the account of losses of losses of prestressing force in reinforcing steel at any given moment of work; cs bp - compression stresses of concrete at the stage of prestressing, calculated in accordance with Sections 1.28 and 1.29, with the account of losses of losses of prestressing force in reinforcing steel at any given moment of work; ysP coefficient of accuracy of tensioning of reinforcement, calculated iu.accordance with Section 1.27 - Characteristics of material Rh , Rh - rated resistance of concrete to axial compression for limit stake Group I and Group 2, respectively; Rh' - Re, r - rated resistance of concrete to axial tension for limit state Group and Group respectively: Rh • - rated resistance of concrete to crush calculated using formula (1021; - strenzth of L:onerete defined in accordance with Section 2.6: R, R, „cr rated resistance of reinforcement to tensioning for limit states of Group and - Group 2, respectively; - rated resistance of reinforcement to tensioning, calculated in accordance with Section 2.28: • R - rated resistance of reinforcement to compression limit states of Group 1; • - initial modulus of elasticity of concrete for compression and tension: E, - moduluc, at elasticity of reinforcement Parameters of location of reinforcement in the element S - ymhol fr,r longitudinal reinforcement: 01 ' , cat , :c1 in tensi;.n zone for zones compressed or tensioned by outside loads; c , ,rnore,sed edge of section in fully cr;;rnpresseci zone: by outside loads: SNIPS OF S5200184 - 125 CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES SNIP-2.03.01-84 • located near most tensioned edge of section for eccentrically tensioned elements; • all reinforcement for centrally tensioned elements; S' - symbol for longitudinal reinforcement: a) located in compressed zone for zone compressed or tensioned by outside load; b) located near most compressed edge of section for zone fully compressed by outside load; c) located near least tensioned edge of section for fully tensioned sections of eccentrically tensioned elements; Geometric parameters b - width of the rectangular section; width of web of T and H-shaped sections; b' - width of flange of T and H-shaped sections in tension and compression zones, respectively; h - height of rectangular, T or H-shaped sections; hr ,h' , r - width of flange of T or H-shaped sections in tension and compression zones, respectively; a, a' - distance from resultant of stresses in reinforcements S and S', respectively, to nearest edge of section; ho h' o - working height of section equal to h - a and h a', respectively; x - height of compression zone of concrete; - relative height of compression zone of concrete, equal to x / h o ; - distance between brackets measured along the length of an element; eo - eccentricity of longitudinal force N relative to gravity center of section, defined in accordance with Section 1.21; cop - eccentricity of prestressing P relative to gravity center of section, defined in accordance with Section 1.28: eo „, - eccentricity of resultant longitudinal force N and prestressing P relative to gravity center of section: e, - distance from point of application of longitudinal force N to resultant stresses in reinforcement S and S', respectively / - structural span; - specified length of the element affected by longitudinal compressive force; value l o shalbedfinugT32adSection.5; i - radius of inertia of cross section of an element relative to gravity center of section; d - nominal diameter of rods of reinforcing steel; 4, A', - ,ectifmal area of unstressed and stressed reinforcement S and S', respectively; also for prestressing P: area of unstressed zone of reinforcement S and 5', - S5200184-126 area of •!res ,, ;_: zone of reinforcements and S - respectiveh.: BUILDING ODES OF RUSSIA SNIPe SNIP 2.03.01-84 CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES A,, - sectional area of brackets located in the same plane perpendicular to axis of an element at the paint of intersection with the inclined section; A, - sectional area of bent-out rods, placed in the plane inclined to axis of an element at the point of intersection with the inclined section; Fr - coefficient of reinforcement, defined as ratio of sectional area of reinforcing rod S to sectional area of element bh without consideration of overhanging compressed and tensioned flanges; A - overall cross-sectional area of concrete element; Ab - sectional area of compression zone of concrete; sectional area of tension zone of concrete; Ab, A„d - A sectional area of an element defined in accordance with Section 1.28; - area of crush of concrete; Sbo , S' bo - static moments of sectional areas of compression and tension zones of concrete relative to line of origin; S,0 , S',0 - static moments of sectional area of reinforcement S and S' relative to line of origin; 1- moment of inertia of section of concrete relative to gravity center of an element; ITS - moment of inertia of section of an element relative to its gravity center and defined in accordance with Section 1.28; IS - moment of inertia of sectional area of reinforcement relative to its gravity center; 4,0 - moment of inertia of sectional area of compression zone of concretd.relative to line of origin; /,o , /',0 - moment of inertia of sectional area of reinforcement S and S' relative to its gravity center: W, ed - moment of resistance of section of an element for edge fiber in tension, defined as for elastic material in accordance with Section 1.28 SNIPOO'` BUIL:P.G C'DDES C a U5SiF 55200184 - 127 SN1P-2.03.01-84 CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Key Words Index is not all inclusive of code items A E Aggregate • IV, 8, 11, 12, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 35, 43, 44, 46, 51, 52, 54, 59, 60, 61, 67, 70, 72, 73, 79, 80, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 93, 95, 96, 98, 100, 105, 106, 107, 110 Anchorage 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 20, 33, 37, 40, 58, 60, 64, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79, 93, 94, 96, 97, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 113 Elasticity • 3, 13, 22, 31, 40, 41, 43, 54, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 83, 86, 87, 96, 106, 125, 127 Electrode • 117, 119, 123 Expansion - 17 B Beam • 2, 14, 58, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, 94, 101 Bending 38, 44, 45 47, 48, 49, 53, 54, 56, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 72, 75, 76, 77, 80, 81, 84, 85, 87, 89, 90, 96, 98, 99, 100, 105, 125 F Fabrication 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 17, 21, 22, 33, 93, 102, 103, 109, 113, 122 Failure - I, 2, 16, 35, 41 Foundation 1, 2, 58, 94, 106, 114 Freezing • 2, 17, 21, 22, 23, 25, 28, 30 Frost - See Freezing G C Cantilever • 48, 59, 62, 63, 71, 102 Cast-in-place - 1, 28, 54, 93, 94, 99, 114 Coating - 37, 39, 119, 120 Column • 20 28, 54 58, 59, 62, 93, 94, 99, 102 106, 135 Compression 1, 5, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16 17 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26 27 28 30, 31 33 35, 36 37, 40 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 47, 48 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 56 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 65, 67 69, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77 78 79, 80, 81 82, 83, 84 85 86 87, 88 91 92, 93 96 97 98 99 100, 101, 103 105 106 110, 112, 113 114 125, 126, 127 Connection 54.58 68, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123 Corrosion IV 2, 14, 21, 23, 32, 47, 112, 113 Cracking 2, 4, 6, 8, 14, 15, 16, 23, 29, 41 43, 45, 53, 54, 59, 60 61.63- 75, 76, 77 78, 79 80, 81 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87 89, 90_ 96, 97, 98, 99, 105 106 107, 109, 110, 112, 113 Creep • 8, 11 12 13, 14, 75, 85, 89, 90 D Gravity 42, 43, 45, 50, 56, 57, 65, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78 79, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 88, 91, 92, 126, 127 H Humidity • IV, 2, 7, 8, 24 25, 28, 85, 86, S7 J Joint • 1, 6, 12, 21, 23, 29, 35, 47, 54, 74, 77, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107 L Load 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 28, 29, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 52, 53, 54 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89 90, 96, 99, 101, 106, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 125, 126 Deflection • 42 49, 52, 53, 84 89 90 I69 Deformation 3, 12, 14 16 22 28 43 54, 75, 78 83, 8-1 85 "86 89 91 92, 107 11 ,, i , Di,tortirm 10 \1,2•h 30 1, 5', :04, 1r15 17 26 27 29 S5200184 - 128 BUILDING CODES OF RUSSIA SNIPS SNIP 2.03.01-84 CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES O Oscillation • P Permafrost • 23, 28 Pile • 24, 70, 100 Precast • 1, 3, 5, i 9, 21, 23, 29, 32, 54, 93, 94, 99, 103, 104, 105, 106 107 Pressure 4, I 1, 12, 18, 30, 31, 32, 41 Punching • 45, 70, 71, 102, 113 R 110, l 1,112, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126 Stiffness • I, 2, 16.53 Strength • IV, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, '71, 72, 74, 78, 79, 83, 88, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, Ill, 112, 113, 114, 116 117, 125 Stress • IV, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, I I, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, -15, 46, 47, 49, 50, 53, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61, 64, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 113, 114, 125, 126, 132 T Rebar • 5, 6, 16, 21, 23, 32, 33, 50, 52, 95, 96 97, 99, 102, 105, 107 Relaxation • 7, 11 Reliability • 1, 2, 3, 6, 17, 21, 25, 32, 33, 34 96, 99, 111 Renovation • 109 Repair • 109 Resistance - 3, 4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21 22, 23 24 25, 30, 41, 42, 53, 74, 76, 81, 107, 112, 125, 127 Rotation • 2, 76, 84 S Seismic • IV 29 Shear 16, 22 36, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65 72 - 74 83, 90 96 97, 100 101, 102, 108 Shnnkao.e 12, 13, 75, 76, 85 69 Skewing • Slab 14, 16 76 90 93, 94, 98 99 101 102 107 Soil • 2_8 106 Spacer 106 Steel • 1, 7, ••s 9, 10, 13, 15 16, 2r) :I 22 23, 30 32, 33, 35, 38, 39 40, 46 51, 53, 61, 63 64_ 72 74, 85, 93, 94, 95.96 101 102 103 104, 105 106 107 108, 109, ," )DEL OF ,L- ijsz-,; - Temperature IV 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 32, 93, 116, 117, 118 Tensile • See Tension Tension - 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50 53, 54, 55, 56, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66 67, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 111, 113, 125, 126, 127 Thawing - 2, I7 22, 23, 28, 30 Thickness - 29, 73 74, 93, 94 95, 99, 100, 102, 106, 113, 114, 117, 122, 123, 124 W Weight • 1.3 10 Welding • 23 30 35 36, 37 39 47, 51 52 69 72, 73 74, 94 95, 96 97_ 99 100, 101, 102, 103 104 105, 106, 107 108 11 116 117, 118 119, 120 121, 122 123, 74 Wire • 5, 6, 8, 11 20, 21 , 23, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 47, 78, 80, 89, 102 105, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113, i lo, 119, 120 S5200184 - 129 SNIP-2.03.01-84 CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES List of Reference Documents Found In Text SNIP Reference 17 2, 2, 112, 117 IV, I IV, GOST 25192-82 SNIP 2.01.01.82 Climatology and Geophysics SNIP 2.01.07-89 Loads and Stresses SNIP II-23-81 Steel Structures ST SEV 1406-78 ST SEV 1565-79 S5200184 - 130 BUILDING CODES OF RUSSIA SNIPS SNIP 2.03.01-84 CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Conversion Tables SI - System International Metric Also available online at hup://www.snip.com/bcodes/sysinter/ Graphic Scales IMPERIAL SCALE METRIC SCALE Full Size 1:1 Halt Size 1:2 3"=1'-0" 1:5 (1:4) 1/2"=1'-0" 1:10 (1:8) 1/2"=V-0" 1:25 (1:21 1/4"=1'-0" 1:50 (1:48) 1/8"=1'-0" 1:100 (1:96) 1116"=1'-0" 1:200 (1:192) 1/2"=.10'-0" 1:250 (1:240) 1/4"=10'-0" 1:500 (1:480) 1/8"=10'-0" 1:1000 (1:960) 1116"=10'-0" 1:2000 (1:1920) Metric scales rounded to reflect numbers used in construction practice Accurate conversion shown Note: in brackets SI Prefixes Factor , Prefix Symbol exa E 000 000 000 000 000 000 — = 10 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 15 peta 000 000 000 000 = 10 12 tera T 000 000 000 = 102 10 giga G mega M 000 000 000 = 103 kilo k 100 = 102 hecto h 10 = 10' deka da 0.1 = 10 deci d 10 0.01 0.001 = 0.000 001 0.000 000 001 = 0.000 000 000 001 -2 centi 10 - milli 10 micro 10 nano n 10 i2 pica 060 000 000 001 = 10'5 fernio D (300 GrJ0 000 000 00C :01 = 1G alto 000 5011Po 18 :::;OCES OF RUSSIA a S5200184 - 131 CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES SNIP-2.03.01-84 SI Units, Derived Units and Symbols Quantity Length Unit Symbol I Quantity Unit Symbol Area square kilometer km kilometer km meter m square meter decimeter dm square decimeter dm2 centimeter cm square centimeter cm2 square millimeter mm2 hectare ton t • mm millimeter II Volume cubic meter m cubic decimeter dm 3 cm kilogram kg gram g mm milligram mq cubic centimeter cubic millimeter Fluid a liter L milliliter mL kilometers per hour km/h meters per minute m/m meters per second m/s Force, stress newton N Pressure pascal Pa Power watt Energy, work Speed m2 Weight Angle Temperature degree (1) ° minute m; (1)` second s; (1)" radian rad Celsius ° Kelvin K C Electric Current ampere ectlic Potential volt V W Electric Charge coulomb C joule J Electric Resistance ohm Q Illuminance lux lx Capacitance farad F Luminance candela ca Conductance siemens S Luminous flux lumen Im Magnetic Flux weber Wb Nuclear Activity Becquerel Bq Magnetic Flux Density tesla T Absorbed Dose gray Gy Inductance henry H S5200184-132 11ii BUILDING CODES OF RUSSIA SNIPS SNIP 2.03.01-84 CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Unit Conversion Factors LENGTH alliiiii111 statute mile = 1.609344 km km = 0.6213712 statute mile yd = 0.9144 m 1m = 1.0936133 yd ft = 0.304799 m 1m = 3.280851 It in = 2.5399956 cm cm = 0.39370147 in in = 25.399956 mm mm = 0.03937014 in mile2 = 2.589998 km km = 0.3861007 statute mile acre = = 2.4710437 acres acre = 0.4046873 4046.873 m 0.0002471 acres = 0.8361274 m = 1.19599 yd2 ft2 = in2 = 0.09290304 m 2 645.16 mm m2 1m 1m = = 0.0015500 in = 0.0008107 acre ft = 1.307951 yd3 = 4.2377604 board It = 35.3147 ft3 AREA d2 mm 10.7639104 ft2 VOLUME acre ft = 1233.489 M3 m3 yd3 = 0.7645549 m 1m 100 board ft = ft3 = 0.2359737 m in3 = in3 = 0.02831685 m 16387.06 mm 16.3871 cm barrel = 0.1589873 m3 1m 3 m3 - :.4 mm = 0.000061 in cm3 a 1m = 0.061024 in = 6.2898106 barrel- FLUID CAPACITT.I, I re al US = 3.785412 L 1L it US = 946.3529 mL mL = 0.264172 gal (US).;. , 0.0010567 qt (US) ' t US = 473.1765 mL mL = 0.0021134 pt (US) ' fl oz (US) = 29.5735 mL mL = 0.0338141 fl oz (US) gal (US) = 0.003785412 m m3 = 264 1720373 gal (US) barrel (US) = 158.98 L 1L = 0.0062901 barrel (US) , : al , US i=4:- ,:-,-1.:0,:a 0.83333 al (U al, • ox.) , • , • ,:-1•1_-,,:i" ;., , Fra.=1;./0.001:rn, a • rox: PLANE ANGLE - )&,'StrAtit,,.:.c ° degree = 0.01745329 rad rad = 57.2957878° (degree) ° (degree) = 17.45329 mrad mrad = 0.0572958° (degree) 1' minute = 290.8882 urad 1" second = 4.848137 urad ft/m = ft/m ft/s urad - 0.0034377' (minute) urad = 0.2062648' second 0.3048 rn/rn mirr, = 3.2808399 fUrn = 0.00508 m/s m/s = 196.8503937 ft/m = 0.3048 m/s m/s = 3.2808399 ft/s 1mile/h = 1.609344 km/h km/h = 0.6213712 mile/h 1mile/h = 0.44704 m/s m/s = 2.2369363 mile/h SPEED TEMPERATURE = °F Example: -IIIWIIIIIIIIMIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIIPNIIM ,,C f (° F - 32) /1 1"C 60 °F =_L630 - 32) /1.8] = 15.6 °C = Example: (° C x 1.8 + 32 ) ° F 30 °C = (30 x 1.8 4- 32 ) = 86°F j (Continued) SNIAa BUILDING CODES OF RUSSIA S5200184 - 133 CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES SNIP-2.03.01-64 • (uonnnuea) FLOW = 0.02831685 m 3/s m3/s = 35.3146625 ft3/s ft3/min = 0.4719474 Us Us = 2.1188802 ft3/min gal/min = 0.0630902 Lis Us = 15.8503222 gal/min 1gaVmin = 0.0038 m3/min m3/min = 263.1578947 gal/min gal/hour = 1.0515 mUs mUs = 0.9510223 gal/hour = 43.8126 Us Us = 0.0228245 million gad m3/s = 0.0008107 acre ft/s metric ton = 1.102311 ton (short) kg -= 0.0011023 ton (short) ft3/s million gaVd - = acre ft/s - 1233.49 m3Is , MASS (WEIGHTAilist ton (short) = 0.907185 metric ton ton (short) = 907.1847 kg ton (long) = 1016.04706 kg kg = lb = 0.4535924 kq kq = 4; 1,-:"-'?:.,- :.:' ,.= ,'-:28.34952'= 1,7- _.: ; • oi -;:7". _ :.:i'' ,:= -,: 0.035274 az "1:::; • - • :::%::: - '' • i i e;: 41iNiris iori, -4: pPlifil it; r iv ittgal; tifi, 0.9842ton(lg) • 2.2046225 lb MASS PER UNIT AREA r = Y-3 4.882428 kg/m2 !bite _._ oz/yd2 _ = =- 305.1517 • m2 = - 16.01846 kg/m3 ' lb/03 = ton/ d = 0.5932764 kg/m 3 1.186553 Um tonf (ton-force) = kip (1,000 lbf) = , lbf sound-force = ozift2 _- '_ 33.90575 g/m2 _ kg/m = 0.2048161 lb/ft2 g/m2 = 0.0294935 oz/yd2 1• M = 0.0032771 oz/ft2 DENSITY !be '" '- ' ' kg/m3 ' ' 0:062428 lb/ft3 ' ' - - ''' kg/m3 = t/m = 8.89644 kN kN = 0.1124045 tonf (ton-force) 4.44822 kN kN = 0.224809 kip (1,000 lb) 4.44822 N 1N = 0.224809 lbf sound-force i .6855551b/yd3 0.8427 74 ton/ d FORCE MOMENT OF FORCE • lbf•f • = 1.355818 N•m N•rn = 0.7375621 ibf•f lbf•in = 0_1129848 N•m N•m = 8.8507481 lbf•in tont•ft = 2.71164 kN-m kN•m = 0.3687805 tonf•ft ki ft = 1.35582 kN•rn '