4 design of concrete structures a h nilson 14th ed comment

• Design of DESIGN CONCRETE STRUCTURES of DESIGN of CONCRETE STRUCTURES Fourteenth Edition Arthur H Nilson Professor Emeritus College of Engineering Cornell University David Darwin Deane E Ackers Distinguished Professor of Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering University of Kansas Charles W Dolan H T Person Professor of Engineering University of WYoming II Higher Education Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA New York San Francisco St Louis Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto II Higher Education DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOURTEENTH EDmON Published by McGraw-Hili, a business unit of The McGraw-Hili Companies Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas New York NY 10020 Copyrighl 2010 by The McGlllw-HiII Companies loc All rights reserved Previous editions 2004 1997 and 1991 No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any fonn or by any means or stored in a database or relricval system wilhoul thc prior wrillen consent of The McGraw-Hili Companies., loc., incllXling, but not limited 10 in any network or other electronic $IOr1Ige or lI1lns.mission or broadcasl for distance kaming Some ancillaries including ekctronic and print cornpooenlS., may 001: be available to customers the United Slates OUlSide (i)This book is printed on recycled acid-fTtt paper containing lOll> polilcoosumer waSte 1234567890 QPDlQPD09 ISBN 97&-0-07-329349-3 MHlD 0-07-32934~ Global Publisher Ragholhomon Srinivasan Sponsoring Editor: lkbra B HtJ.Jh Direclor of Drevelopment: Kristinc n~tts Developmental Edilor: wrrainc K Buack Senior Marketing Manager CUT1 Re)'nolds Project Manager Melissu M Leid Lead Production Supervisor Sandy Uldovissy Associate Design Coordinator Bfl!fIl1a A RQlwe~ Cover Designer Studio Montage St Louis, Missouri (USE) Coyer Image: Getty Im"gt!~ Lead Photo Research Coordinator: Carrie K Burger Compositor lAserwords Pri~'CItt! Umited Typeface: 1O.5//17imes ROf/llHl Printer: Qlfl!lMcor World Dubuque IA All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nilson, Arthur H Design of concrete structures I Arthur H Nilson David Darwin Charles W Dolan.-14th ed p.em Includes index ISBN 97S (} {)7-329349-3-ISBN Q 07-329349-0 (hard copy; a1k paper) I Reinforttd ~te construction Prestressed concrete construction I Darwin David II Dolan Charles W (Charles William) 1943- Ill litle TA6S3.2.NSS 2010 624.I'SJ4.-k22 2009006344 www.mhhe.com A Jut the Authors Arthur H Nilson was engaged in research, teaching, and consulting relating to structural concrete for over 40 years He has been a member of the faculty of the College of Engineering at Cornell University since 1956, in charge of undergraduate and graduate courses in the design of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures until his retirement in 1991 He served as Chairman of the Department of Structural Engineering from 1978 to 1985 Dr Nilson has served on many professional committees, including Building Code Subcommittee 3l8-D of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) His pioneering work on high-strength concrete has been widely recognized He was awarded the ACI Wason Medal for materials research in 1974, the ACI Wason Medal for best technical paper in 1986 and 1987, and the ACI Structural Research Award in 1993 Professor Nilson is an Honorary Member of ACI and a Fellow in the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) He has been honored by the civil engineering student body at Cornell for outstanding teaching He was elected Professor Emeritus in 1991 He has held research appointments or lectureships at the University of Manchester, Salford University, and the Technical University of Milan He is a registered professional engineer in several states and, prior to entering teaching, was engaged in full-time professional practice He received the B.S degree from Stanford University in 1948, the M.S from Cornell in 1956, and the Ph.D from the University of California at Berkeley in 1967 David Darwin has been a member of the faculty at the University of Kansas since 1974 and has been director of the Structural Engineering and Materials Laboratory since 1982 He was appointed the Deane E Ackers Distinguished Professor of Civil Engineering in 1990 Dr Darwin served as President of the American Concrete Institute in 2007-2008 and is a member and past chair of ACI Committees 224 on Cracking and 408 on Bond and Development of Reinforcement He is also a member of ACI Building Code Subcommittee 318-B on Reinforcement and Development and of ACI-ASCE Committee 445 on Shear and Torsion Dr Darwin is an acknowledged expert on concrete crack control and bond between steel reinforcement and concrete He received the ACI Arthur R Anderson Award in 1992 for his research efforts in plain and reinforced concrete, the ACI Structural Research Award in 1996, and the ACI Joe W Kelly Award in 2005 for his contributions to teaching and design He has also received a number of awards from the American Society of Civil Engineers, including the Walter L Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize in 1985; the Moisseiff Award in 1991; the State-of-the-Art of Civil Engineering Award in 1996 and 2000; the Richard R Torrens Award in 1997; and the Dennis L Tewksbury Award in 2008 He has been honored for his teaching by the civil engineering students at the University v vi About the Authors of Kansas He is past editor of the ASCE Journal ofStructural Engineering Professor Darwin is a Fellow of ACI and ASCE He is a licensed professional engineer and serves as a consultant in the fields of concrete materials and structures He was honored with the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the University of Illinois Civil and Environmental Engineering Alumni Association in 2003 Between his M.S and Ph.D degrees, he served four years with the U.S Army Corps of Engineers He received the B.S and M.S degrees from Cornell University in 1967 and 1968 and the Ph.D from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1974 Charles W Dolan has been on the faculty at the University of Wyoming since 1991, serving as Department Head from 1998 to 2001 He was appointed the H T Person Professor of Engineering in 2002 He is currently chair of Building Code Subcommittee 318-R of the American Concrete Institute He has served as chair of the Technical Activities Committee, of ACI Committee 358 on Transit Guideways, and of ACI-ASCE Committee 423 on Prestressed Concrete In private design practice for nearly 20 years, he was the project engineer on the Walt Disney World Monorail, the Detroit Downtown Peoplemover guideway, and the Dallas-Fort Worth Airport transit system guideway and is responsible for the conceptual design of the Dubai Palm Island monorail He received the T Y Lin Award from ASCE in 1973 for outstanding contributions to the field of prestressed concrete and the Arthur R Anderson award from ACI in 2005 for advancements in the design of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures A Fellow in ACI and the Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI), he is an internationally recognized leader in the development of fiber reinforced polymers for concrete reinforcement He is a registered professional engineer and a consultant in the design of structural concrete He received the B.S from the University of Massachusetts in 1965 and the M.S and Ph.D from Cornell University in 1967 and 1989 Contents v About the Authors xiv Preface Chapter Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 12 15 16 17 1.9 Chapter Concrete, Reinforced Concrete, and Prestressed Concrete Structural Forms Loads Serviceability, Strength, and Structural Safety Design Basis Design Codes and Specifications Safety Provisions of the ACI Code Fundamental Assumptions for Reinforced Concrete Behavior Behavior of Members Subject to Axial Loads References Problems 19 20 26 27 Materials 28 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 28 28 29 31 33 34 38 Introduction Cement Aggregates Proportioning and Mixing Concrete Conveying, Placing, Compacting, and Curing Quality Control Admixtures Properties in Compression Properties in Tension Strength under Combined Stress Shrinkage and Temperature Effects High-Strength Concrete Reinforcing Steels for Concrete Reinforcing Bars Welded Wire Reinforcement Prestressing Steels References Problems 40 46 48 49 52 54 55 61 61 63 65 vii viii Contents Chapter Flexural Analysis and Design of Beams 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Bending of Homogeneous Beams 3.3 Reinforced Concrete Beam Behavior 3.4 Design of Tension-Reinforced Rectangular Beams 3.5 Design Aids 3.6 Practical Considerations in the Design of Beams 3.7 Rectangular Beams with Tension and Compression 3.8 Chapter Shear and Diagonal Tension in Beams 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Diagonal Tension in Homogeneous Elastic Beams 4.3 Reinforced Concrete Beams without Shear 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Chapter Reinforcement Reinforced Concrete Beams with Web Reinforcement ACI Code Provisions for Shear Design Effect of Axial Forces Beams with Varying Depth Alternative Models for Shear Analysis and Design Shear-Friction Design Method References Problems 99 108 115 116 120 120 121 124 131 136 145 150 151 160 164 166 Bond, Anchorage, and Development Length 5.1 Fundamentals of Flexural Bond 5.2 Bond Strength and Development Length 5.3 ACI Code Provisions for Development 168 168 172 of Tension Reinforcement Anchorage of Tension Bars by Hooks Anchorage in Tension Using Headed Bars Anchorage Requirements for Web Reinforcement Welded Wire Reinforcement Development of Bars in Compression Bundled Bars Bar Cutoff and Bend Points in Beams Structural Integrity Provisions Integrated Beam Design Example Bar Splices References Problems 177 181 185 189 190 191 191 192 199 200 204 207 208 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 Chapter Reinforcement TBeams References Problems 67 67 67 69 80 94 97 Serviceability 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Cracking in Flexural Members 213 213 213 Contents 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 Chapter Chapter Chapter ACI Code Provisions for Crack Control Control of Deflections Immediate Deflections Deflections Due to Long-Term Loads ACI Code Provisions For Control of Deflections Deflections Due to Shrinkage and Temperature Changes Moment vs Curvature for Reinforced Concrete Sections References Problems ix 216 219 220 223 226 232 234 238 238 Analysis and Design for Torsion 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Torsion in Plain Concrete Members 7.3 Torsion in Reinforced Concrete Members 7.4 Torsion Plus Shear 7.5 ACI Code Provisions for Torsion Design References Problems 241 Short Columns 8.1 Introduction: Axial Compression 8.2 Lateral Ties and Spirals 8.3 Compression Plus Bending of Rectangular Columns 8.4 Strain Compatibility Analysis and Interaction Diagrams 8.5 Balanced Failure 8.6 Distributed Reinforcement 8.7 Unsymmetrical Reinforcement 8.8 Circular Columns 8.9 ACI Code Provisions for Column Design 8.10 Design Aids 8.11 Biaxial Bending 8.12 Load Contour Method 8.13 Reciprocal Load Method 8.14 Computer Analysis for Biaxial Bending of Columns 8.15 Bar Splicing in Columns 8.16 Transmission of Column Loads Through Floor Systems References Problems 262 Slender Columns 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Concentrically Loaded Columns 9.3 Compression Plus Bending 9.4 ACI Criteria for Slenderness Effects in Columns 9.5 ACI Criteria for Nonsway vs Sway Structures 299 299 300 303 309 310 241 242 245 249 250 258 259 262 265 269 270 273 276 278 279 281 282 285 287 288 291 292 293 294 295 782 DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES - Interaction diagram o o o 1.9 Appendix A II ('c {y ~