PASSAGE 16 Aging is the process of growing old It occurs eventually in every living thing provided, of course, that an illness or accident does not kill it prematurely The most familiar outward signs of aging may be seen in old people, such as the graying of the hair and the wrinkling of the skin Signs of aging in a pet dog or cat include loss of playfulness and energy, a decline in hearing and eyesight, or even a slight graying of the coat Plants age too, but the signs are much harder to detect Most body parts grow bigger and stronger, and function more efficiently during childhood They reach their peak at the time of maturity, or early adulthood After that, they begin to decline Bones, for example, gradually become lighter and more brittle In the aged, the joints between the bones also become rigid and more inflexible This can make moving very painful All the major organs of the body show signs of aging The brain, for example, works less efficiently, and even gets smaller in size Thinking processes of all sorts are slowed down Old people often have trouble in remembering recent events One of the most serious changes of old age occurs in the arteries, the blood vessels that lead from the heart They become thickened and constricted, allowing less blood to flow to the rest of body This condition accounts, directly or indirectly, for many of the diseases of the aged It may, for example, result in heart attack Aging is not a uniform process Different parts of the body wear out at different rates There are great differences among people in their rate of aging Even the cells of the body differ in the way they age The majority of cells are capable of reproducing themselves many times during the course of a lifetime Nerve cells and muscle fibers can never be replaced once they wear out Gerontologists - scientists who study the process of aging-believe this wearing out of the body is controlled by a built-in biological time-clock They are trying to discover how this clock works so that they can slow down the process This could give man a longer life and a great number of productive years Question What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A Signs of aging are easier to detect in animals than in plants B Aging occurs in every living thing after it has reached maturity C Not all signs of aging are visible D The outward signs of aging may be seen in old people Question What does the word "it" in line refer to ? A aging B a living thing C an illness D an accident Question All of the followings may be the outward signs of aging EXCEPT _ A the graying of the hair B the wrinkling of the skin C the decline in hearing and eyesight D the loss of appetite Question When does the human body begin to lose vigor and the ability to function efficiently? A Soon after reaching adulthood B During childhood C Early adulthood D Past middle age Question What happens to memorization when the brain begins to age? A It works less B It becomes forgetful C It declines D It slows down Question What does "aging is not a uniform process" mean? Page A Not all living things age B Not all people age at the same age C Not all people have signs of aging D Aging doesn't occur in all people Question The word "brittle" as used in the second paragraph means _ A soft and easily bent B hard and endurable C hard but easily broken D rigid and inflexible Question According to the passage, what condition is responsible for many of the diseases of the old? A the arteries have become thickened and constricted B the blood vessels lead from the heart C the brain gets smaller in size D bones become lighter and brittle Question What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A Gerontologists have controlled the process of aging B Gerontologists are working hard to help people live longer and more healthily C Gerontologists are trying to give people an eternal life D Gerontologists are now able to slow down the process of aging Question 10 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A All living things grow old B Aging is unavoidable in any living things C Plants show less signs of aging than any other living things D Most body parts wear out during the course of a lifetime ĐÁP ÁN 1-B 2-B 3-D 4-A 5-C 6-B 7-C 8-A 9-B 10-C LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT Question 1: Thông tin câu: It occurs eventually in every living thing provided, of course, that an illness or accident does not kill it prematurely Question 2: Từ “it” thay cho từ đoạn văn? -> Thay lựa chọn vào vị trí “it” xem xét nghĩa câu -> “Aging is the process of growing old It occurs eventually in every living thing provided, of course, that an illness or accident does not kill it prematurely.” = Lão hóa q trình già hóa Lão hóa (it) xảy thể sống dĩ nhiên điều kiện thể sống (IT) không bị bệnh tật hay tai nạn làm chết sớm Question 3: Những trường hợp khác thấy câu: The most familiar outward signs of aging may be seen in old people, such as the graying of the hair and the wrinkling of the skin Signs of aging in a pet dog or cat include loss of playfulness and energy, a decline in hearing and eyesight, Page Question 4: Thông tin câu: They reach their peak at the time of maturity, or early adulthood After that, they begin to decline Question 5: Thông tin câu: Old people often have trouble in remembering recent events Question 6: “Lão hóa khơng phải trình diễn cách đồng bộ” nghĩa gì? “Different parts of the body wear out at different rates There are great differences among people in their rate of aging” => Lão hóa phần khác thể diễn với tốc độ khác Và có khác tốc độ lão hóa người khác => Khơng phải người lão hóa tuổi Question 7: Từ “ brittle” có nghĩa gì? Brittle có nghĩa giịn - tức cứng dễ vỡ vụn Question 8: Thông tin đoạn: One of the most serious changes of old age occurs in the arteries, the blood vessels that lead from the heart They become thickened and constricted, allowing less blood to flow to the rest of body This condition accounts, directly or indirectly, for many of the diseases of the aged It may, for example, result in heart attack Question 9: Thông tin câu: They are trying to discover how this clock works so that they can slow down the process This could give man a longer life and a great number of productive years Question 10: ” Plants age too, but the signs are much harder to detect.” Signs plants harder to detect plants show vật thể khác Page ... B hard and endurable C hard but easily broken D rigid and inflexible Question According to the passage, what condition is responsible for many of the diseases of the old? A the arteries have... life D Gerontologists are now able to slow down the process of aging Question 10 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A All living things grow old B Aging is unavoidable