3 THÌ ĐỘNG từ và sự PHỐI THÌ

3 THÌ ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ SỰ PHỐI THÌ 3.1 Tóm tắt cách dùng động từ Thì động từ Thì Cách dùng Cơng thức - diễn tả hành động thường xuyên xảy nhiều - diễn tả thói quen đơn - diễn tả thời gian biểu, lịch trình, thơng báo S+V - diễn tả thật, chân lí Từ nhận biết V(bare): I/ số - seldom/ rarely/ hardly - sometimes/ occasionally V V(S/es): số often/ frequently Am: I - always/ constantly be is: số Are: số nhiều - diễn tả nghề nghiệp, sở thích, nguồn gốc, Thành lập phủ định nghi vấn: bình phẩm * V(do/does): usually/ - ever - never - every (-): S + do/does + not + V(bare) (?): Do/does + S + V (bare)? * Be (am/ is/ are): (-): S + am/is/ are + not +………… (?): Am/is/are + S +………….? Thì khứ đơn - diễn tả hành động xảy chấm dứt S + V q khứ, khơng cịn liên quan tới Ved/V(cot 2) was: số Be - ago - last - yesterday were: số nhiều - diễn tả hành động Thành lập phủ định nghi vấn: xảy nối tiếp * V(did): khứ (-): S + did+ not+ V(bare) - diễn tả hồi ức, kỉ (?): Did + S+V (bare) +? niệm - in + mốc thời gian khứ (in 2000 ) * Be (was/were): (-): S+ was/were + not +…… (?): Was/were + S+ …….? Thì - diễn tả hành S + will + V(bare) tương động xảy Thành lập phủ định nghi vấn: tai đơn tương lai (-): S + will + not + V(bare) - diễn tả dự (?): Will + S + V (bare)? đoán - tomorrow - next - soon - in + khoảng thời Thì tiếp diễn - diễn tả lời hứa gian (in an hour ) - diễn tả hành động S+ am/is/are + V-ing xảy thời Thành lập phủ định nghi vấn: điểm nói (-): S + am/is/are + not + V-ing - diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai (?): Am/ is/ are+ S + V-ing? (có kế hoạch từ trước) - now - at the moment - at present - right now - look /hear (!) - diễn tả thay đổi thói quen - diễn ta ca thán, phàn nàn Thì khứ tiếp diễn - diễn tả hành động S + was/were + Ving xảy Thành lập phủ định nghi vấn: thời điểm xác định (-): S+ was/ were + not + V-ing khứ - diễn tả hành động (?): Was/ were + S+ V-ing? - + trạng từ khứ (at pm yesterday ) - at this/that time + trạng từ khứ ( at this time last week ) xảy có hành động khác xen vào, hành động xảy trước chia khử tiếp diễn, hành động xảy sau chia khứ đơn Thì tương tai tiếp diễn - diễn tả hành động S + will + be + Ving diễn vào Thành lập phủ định nghi vấn: thời điểm cụ thể (-): S + will + not + be + Ving tương lai - diễn tả hành động (?): Will + S + be + Ving? xảy tương lai có hành động khác xen vào, hành động xảy trước chia tương lai tiếp diễn, hành động xảy sau chia đơn Thì hồn thành - diễn tả hành động S + have/ has + V(pp) xảy khứ (have: I/ số nhiều khơng rõ thời Has: số ít) gian - diễn tả hành động lặp Thành lập phủ định nghi vấn: - + trạng từ tương lai (at pm tomorrow ) - at this/that time + trạng từ tương lai (at this time next week ) - for - since - ever - never lặp lại nhiều lần (-): S+ have/ has + not + V(pp) khứ (?): Have/ Has + S + V(pp)? - diễn tả hành động xảy khứ để lại dấu hiệu hậu - so far - diễn tả trải nghiệm - yet - recently - lately - before (đứng cuối câu) - up to now/ up to present/ until now - just - diễn tả hành động xảy khứ kéo dài tới cịn có khả tiếp diễn tương lai - already Thì q khứ hồn thành - diễn tả hành S + had + V(pp) động xảy hoàn Thành lập phủ định nghi vấn: thành trước hành động (-): S + had + not + V(pp) khác khứ (?): Had + S + V(pp)? Thì tương lai hồn thành - diễn tả hành động S + will + have + V(pp) hoàn thành trước Thành lập phủ định nghi vấn: hành động (-): S + will + not + have + V(pp) khác xảy đến (?): Will + S + have + V (pp)? 10 - nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian hành động xảy khứ tiếp tục tới (có thể tiếp diễn tương lai) S + have/has + been + Ving nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian hành động xảy khử kết thúc trước hành động khứ khác S + had + been + Ving - until then Thành lập phủ định nghi vấn: - prior to that time Thì hồn thành tiếp diễn 11 Thì q khứ hồn thành - before/by the time (trước chia khứ hoàn thành, sau chia khứ đơn) - after (trước chia khứ đơn, sau chia khứ hoàn thành) - all day/week Thành lập phủ định nghi vấn: - almost every day this (-): S + have/has + not + been + V- week ing - in the past year (?): Have/has + S+ been + V-ing? (-): S + had + not + been + Ving (?): Had + S+ been + Ving? tiếp diễn 12 Thì tương lai hồn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian hành động xảy tương lai kết thúc trước hành động tương lai khác S + will + have + been + Ving Thành lập phủ định nghi vấn: (-): S + will + not + have + been + Ving (?): Will + S+ have+ been + Ving? 3.2 Sự phối Trong QUÁ KHỨ: WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ đơn) diễn tả hành động xảy nối tiếp Eg: When he saw me, he smiled, at me Trong TƯƠNG LAI: WHEN + S + V (hiện đơn), S + V (tương lai đơn) Eg: When I see him, I will remind him to call you Trong QUÁ KHỨ: WHEN diễn tả hành động xảy có hành động khác xen vào WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ tiếp diễn) Eg: When I came to see her, she was cooking dinner Trong TƯƠNG LAI: WHEN + S + V (hiện đơn), S + V (tương lai tiếp diễn) Eg: When you come in, your boss will be waiting for you there Trong QUÁ KHỨ: WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) diễn tả hành động xảy xong trước hành động khác Eg: When I arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off Trong TƯƠNG LAI: WHEN + S + V (hiện đơn), S + V(tương lai hoàn thành) Eg: When you return to the town, they will have finished building a new bridge AS SOON AS diễn tả hành động xảy nối tiếp Trong QUÁ KHỨ: AS SOON AS + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ đơn) Eg: As soon as she saw a mouse, she shouted and ran away Trong TƯƠNG LAI: AS SOON AS + S + V (hiện đơn/hiện hoàn thành), S + V (tương lai đơn) Eg: I will call you as soon as I have finished / finish the work SINCE diễn tả nghĩa “từ khi’’ S + V (hiện hoàn thành) + SINCE + V (quá khứ đơn) Eg: We have known each other since we were at high school Trong QUÁ KHỨ: BY + TIME diễn tả hành động kết thúc tính đến điểm khứ/tương lai BY + trạng từ khứ + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) Eg: By last month, we had worked for the company for years Trong TƯƠNG LAI: BY + trạng từ tương lai + S + V (tương lai hoàn thành) Eg: By next month, we will have worked for the company for years Trong QUÁ KHỨ: AT THIS/ THAT TIME diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm xác định khứ/tương lai AT THIS/THAT TIME + trạng từ khứ + S + V (quá khứ tiếp diễn) Eg: At this time last week, we were preparing for Tet Trong TƯƠNG LAI: AT THIS/THAT TIME + trạng từ tương lai + S + V (tương lai tiếp diễn) Eg: At this time next week, we will be having a big party in the garden Trong QUÁ KHỨ: BY THE TIME + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) BY THE TIME diễn tả nghĩa “vào lúc” Eg: By the time she got home, everyone had gone to bed Trong TƯƠNG LAI: BY THE TIME + S + V (hiện đơn), S + V (tương lai hoàn thành) Eg: By the time she gets home, everyone will have gone to bed Trong QUÁ KHỨ: AFTER diễn tả hành động xảy xong tới hành động khác AFTER + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành), S + V (quá khứ đơn) Eg: After she had done her homework, she went out for a walk Trong TƯƠNG LAI: AFTER + S + V (hiện hoàn thành), S + V (hiện đơn) Eg: After she has done her homework, she goes out for a walk Trong QUÁ KHỨ: diễn tả hành động xảy xong trước BEFORE có hành động khác tới BEFORE + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) Eg: Before she went to bed, she had locked all the doors Trong TƯƠNG LAI: BEFORE + S + V (hiện đơn), S + V (tương lai hoàn thành) Eg: Hurry up or the film will have ended before we go to the movie UNTIL/ TILL diễn tả nghĩa “cho tới khi” S + V (tương lai đơn)/ V(bare)/DON’T + V(bare) + UNTIL/TILL + S + V (hiện đơn/hiện hoàn thành) Eg: I will wait for you until it is possible Wait here until I come back BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG Only after she _ from a severe illness did she realize the importance of good health A would recover B has recovered C had recovered D was recovering The children _ to bed before their parents came home from work A were all going B had all gone C had all been going D have all gone Paul noticed a job advertisement while he _ along the street A was walking B would walk C walked D had walked I haven’t met him again since we _ school ten years ago A have left B leave C left D had left Mr Pike _ for this company for more than thirty years, and he intends to stay here until he _ A worked/retires B works/is retiring C has worked/retires D is working/will retire When he _ us to go in, we _ outside the exam room for over half an hour A let - are standing B let - have stood C let - had been standing D let - have been standing When I _ her, I _ her your regards A met/was sending B meet/will send C met/had sent D meet/sent When we enter the room, our boss _ for us here A will wait B will be waiting C was waiting D will be waited When I got home I found that water _ down the kitchen walls A ran B was running C has run D had been running 10 Mike _ his favorite program on TV when the lights went out A was watching B is watching C watched D watches 11 When the first child was born, they _ for three years A have been married B had been married C will been married D will have been married 12 We _ in silence when he suddenly _ me to help him A walked - was asking B were walking - asked C were walking - was asking D walked - asked 13 By the time the software _ on sale next month, the company _ $2 million on developing it A went - had spent B will go - has spent C has gone - will spend D goes - will have spent 14 When Carol _ last night, I _ my favorite show on television A called / was watching B had called / watched C called / have watched D was calling / watched 15 I'll call you as soon as I _ in Paris A will arrive B am arriving C arrive D will have arrived 16 Many of the people who attended Major Gordon’s funeral _ him for many years A didn't see B wouldn't see C haven’t seen D hadn’t seen 17 Jane _ her homework when her friend asked her to his as well A did B would C was doing D had done 18 Mr Pike _ English at our school for 20 years before he retired last year A was teaching B had been teaching C is teaching D has been teaching 19 When I return to my hometown, everything _ a lot A changes B will be changing C will have changed D will change 20 My parents have left for English since I _ at primary school A have been B was C had been D am 21 I was angry when you saw me because I _ with my sister A have been arguing B had been arguing C argued D would argue 22 By the time I finish the final term exams, I _ my first two years' study at university A have completed B will be completed C will complete D will have completed 23 I wanted to say goodbye to Jerry, but he _ when I arrived A was already left B already left C had already been leaving D had already left 24 I saw a terrible accident while I _ on the beach A am walking B walked C was walking D had walked 25 When we see Mr Minh tomorrow, I _ him of that A will remind B remind C have reminded D reminded 26 As soon as I _ a good look at the designs, I _ them back to you A have had/ sent B have had/ will send C have/ send D will have/ send 27 His English has improved a lot since he _ an English course by Mr John A was taking B takes C took D will take 28 We’ll be able to leave for the airport as soon as the taxi _ A arrived B will arrive C arrive D arrives 29 Tom often watches TV after his parents _ to bed A had gone B have gone C go D went 30 When I last saw him, he _ in London A is living B has been living C was living D lived 31 By the time he arrives here tomorrow, they _ for London A would have left B will have left C will left D are leaving 32 When I _ to the airport, I realized that I _ my passport at home A got/had left B got/left C had got/had left D got/was left 33 Call me as soon as you _ your test results A get B will get C will have got D got 34 I _ along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me A was walking B am walking C walk D walked 35 The boy fell while he _ down the stairs A run B running C was running D runs 36 I will come and see you before I _ for America A leave B will leave C have left D left 37 She hurt herself while she _ hide-and-seek with her friends A is playing B had played C played D was playing 38 Only after the bus _ for a few miles did Jane realize she was on the wrong route A was running B had run C has run D runs 39 While I _ at the bus stop, three buses went by in the opposite direction A was waiting B waited C had waited D were waiting 40 By the end of last March, I _ English for five years A had been studied B had been studying C will have been studying D will have studied 41 By the end of next March, I _ English for five years A had been studied B had been studying C will have been studying D will have studied 42 Linda took great photos of butterflies while she _ in the forest A was hiking B is hiking C hiked D had hiked 43 When I _ for my sister in front of the supermarket, a strange man came to talk with me A was waiting B waited C had waited D were waiting 44 When I came to visit her last night, she _ a bath A is having B was having C has had D had had 45 John _ in the same house since he left school A lived B had lived C was living D has lived 46 He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he _ dinner A finish B has finished C will finish D finished 47 The phone _ suddenly while Joanna was doing the housework A rang B was ringing C had rung D is ringing 48 A fire-fighter was injuried severely while he _ to put out a fire A would help B helped C has helped D was helping 49 By the time I came here all the better jobs _ taken A have been B were C are D had been 50 While Peter _ the rose bush in the back yard, the phone rang A had been watering B watering C watered D was watering ... tả hành động (?): Will + S + be + Ving? xảy tương lai có hành động khác xen vào, hành động xảy trước chia tương lai tiếp diễn, hành động xảy sau chia đơn Thì hồn thành - diễn tả hành động S +... diễn tả hành động (?): Was/ were + S+ V-ing? - + trạng từ khứ (at pm yesterday ) - at this/that time + trạng từ khứ ( at this time last week ) xảy có hành động khác xen vào, hành động xảy trước... vào, hành động xảy trước chia khử tiếp diễn, hành động xảy sau chia khứ đơn Thì tương tai tiếp diễn - diễn tả hành động S + will + be + Ving diễn vào Thành lập phủ định nghi vấn: thời điểm cụ thể