Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Cicero, Classicism, and Popular Culture www.Ebook777.com THE HAWORTH PRESS Other Titles by Marshall W Fishwick Great Awakenings: Popular Religion and Popular Culture Popular Culture: Cavespace to Cyberspace Popular Culture in a New Age Probing Popular Culture: On and Off the Internet Cicero, Classicism, and Popular Culture Marshall W Fishwick, PhD, DPhil Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com First published by The Haworth Press, Inc 10 Alice Street Binghamton, N Y 13904-1580 This edition published 2011 by Routledge Routledge Taylor & Francis Group 711 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 Routledge Taylor & Francis Group Park Square, Milton Park Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN © 2007 by The Haworth Press, Inc All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilm, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher PUBLISHER’S NOTE The development, preparation, and publication of this work has been undertaken with great care However, the Publisher, employees, editors, and agents of The Haworth Press are not responsible for any errors contained herein or for consequences that may ensue from use of materials or information contained in this work The Haworth Press is committed to the dissemination of ideas and information according to the highest standards of intellectual freedom and the free exchange of ideas Statements made and opinions expressed in this publication not necessarily reflect the views of the Publisher, Directors, management, or staff of The Haworth Press, Inc., or an endorsement by them Cover design by Kerry E Mack Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fishwick, Marshall William Cicero, classicism, and popular culture / Marshall W Fishwick p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 978-0-7890-2591-3 (case-13 : alk paper) ISBN-10: 0-7890-2591-4 (case-10 : alk paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-7890-2592-0 (soft-13 : alk paper) ISBN-10: 0-7890-2592-2 (soft-10 : alk paper) Cicero, Marcus Tullius—Influence Statesmen—Rome—Biography Orators— Rome—Biography Rome—Politics and government—265-30 B.C Rome—Intellectual life Civilization, Modern—Roman influences I Title DG260.C5F57 2007 937’.05092—dc22 [B] 2006016529 www.Ebook777.com To Miss Sally Lovelace, scholar, teacher, lovely lady who taught generations of students Latin, with special attention to Cicero and Virgil In thirty years at Roanoke’s Jefferson High School she not only taught, but inspired, encouraged, and opened our eyes to the classical world She made Cicero our lifelong friend Also to many students, past and present, who kept me young, questioning, and anxious in and out of class The gods were generous when they allowed me to teach and befriend them Also to Bear, Edward, and Dylan, whose barks warmed my heart Note on Dogs: Bear, Edward, and Dylan Marshall loved dogs When we married in 1995, I brought two dogs (as well as two daughters!) to the marriage: Bear, an Akita-Labrador mix, and Edward, a golden retriever Marshall adored Bear, a handsome, huge, lovable beast, but when Bear died in 1999 at the age of thirteen, Edward, whom we called the happy dog, became, along with Cicero, Marshall’s guide for how to live the good life and how to age gracefully Edward served as Marshall’s Philosopher Dog from 1999 until his death at the ripe old age of fifteen in 2005 In September 2001 we adopted Dylan, a large Bear golden retriever puppy Dylan and Edward were inseparable Both Dylan and Marshall looked to Edward for guidance Edward was the Daddy Dog for Dylan, the Philosopher Dog for Marshall Both of them took Edward’s death in April 2005 very hard, but Dylan stepped in to become Marshall’s constant companion from April 2005 until Marshall’s death in May 2006 Dylan was by Marshall’s side at meals, while he worked, and as Marshall sat in his favorite wing chair looking out at the trees and the sunsets and contemplating his life The good life for Marshall and Dylan included endless rounds of Frisbee, and when Marshall became too frail for the sport, he watched Dylan play with me When Marshall passed away in the early morning hours of May 22, 2006, Dylan was lying right beside his bed Dylan was not mature enough to take Edward’s place as the Philosopher Dog, but he was Marshall’s closest friend durPhilosopher Dog, Edward, with Dylan ing the last year of his life Remembering Marshall by Searching for Cicero In June 1991 Marshall gave me a most unusual gift as I left for a research trip to France and Italy: a 1970 red Guide Michelin for Italy I wondered what use this outdated book could possibly have I thanked him and put it on the bookshelf, bemused by the man who would become my husband four years later I did not look at it again until October 13, 2006, when it miraculously re-emerged while I was going through Marshall’s books and papers with his son, Jeff, and his grandson, Jamie Our beloved Marshall had died May 22, 2006, and now we were retracing Marshall’s amazing life as we read through his writings both academic and personal Finding the 1970 Guide Michelin was fortuitous, for I had just agreed to write a short memorial for this book Taped to the book was a little note on which Marshall had written: “My very best trip to Italy—je pense—was in 1970 I couldn’t find the English edition of Michelin when we went SEARCHING FOR CICERO—one of the great adventures of my life—so we took this one, the French.” He continued—and these words now ring out loud and clear—“Perhaps years hence—once you have seen my ashes picked up in the DustBuster— you will take the SAME adventure—using the very same book.” I have just embarked upon the Cicero adventure, but not the way Marshall did, by spending many summers in Italy, as well as a Fulbright year, but by taking as my guide this long-awaited Cicero book Not only Cicero—but also Marshall— comes alive in these pages, for the book is as much about Marshall as it is about Cicero Indeed, on a Fulbright in Italy in 1980, Marshall wrote many comments in his diary about searching for Cicero, but he realized that his search for Cicero was also a search for himself He noted “Such a simple insight: I didn’t come to ‘discover Italy’—but instead MWF [his initials]!” (April entry) and “SURPRISE! Only superficially is the ‘search’ for CIC—it’s for MWF!” (April 25 entry) Marshall concluded the Guide Michelin’s inscription to me: “THIS IS AN HEIRLOOM TREASURE IT.” At the time I thought, Is he kidding? It turns out that his words were prophetic, but this book—not the Guide Michelin—is the heirloom In so many ways Cicero, Classicism, and Popular Culture is a personal memoir in the form of a journey with the author as our guide Marshall tried to write his memoirs—at my urging—but never completed them The genre didn’t suit him But he did leave us this book, and I shall treasure it, as will his family, friends, and colleagues I referred to Marshall’s diary to see what he had written about the summer of 1970 Curiously, there was nothing about Cicero, but what was clear was his love for both Rome and Italy He wrote: “And yes, I DO love Rome its spirit, laughter, sweat, and smells .” He continued: England bred me— America trained me—BUT Rome redeemed me! So, gentle reader, please join Marshall’s family, friends, and colleagues on an adventure as we join Marshall in searching for Cicero And as we read and search, we will remember Marshall Ann La Berge Fishwick October 21, 2006 Blacksburg, Virginia Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Marshall: De Amicitia I first met Marshall in the spring of 1970 when I was in graduate school Having fallen in love with Marshall’s daughter, Susan (I was the TA in one of her classes), I seized every opportunity to be with her One day Susan asked me if I would help her dad move some books At the time I had no idea who Marshall was or, more significantly, how many books he had But if Susan was going to be there and I was going to meet her dad, it didn’t matter I had already made up my mind to marry Susan so meeting her dad and helping him was a double stroke of luck I also quickly learned how much Marshall loved his children If you were lucky enough to have been part of Marshall’s life you have an idea as to the lifting and hauling I did that Saturday afternoon By sundown the structural supports in the storage space over the garage heaved, quivered, and creaked from the weight With every box Marsh assured me, “Just a few more, Jimbo, and we’ll be done.” I would respond “the sun’s gettin’ low,” and he would break out in Old Man River complete with sound effects It was an unusual and exciting day on many levels Moving books was the least of it I was with Susan But conversing with Marshall (nonstop) on topics such as—whether North Carolina was “really” more Southern than Virginia, sourcing the etymology of the term “dirt farmer,” the failure of Democratic politics, religion versus the church versus theology, the revival in Southern history, the role of the “new novel” in America, old Southern schools, why TV is more important than the press, the influence of popular music on art, the perils of government funded academia, Robert E Lee, why a PhD would be better than a law degree, why regional studies are critical for historians, the place of fast food in our culture, why men need dogs, the evilness of the Vietnam war, whether the civil rights movement would survive woman’s lib, and the nature of friendship—wore me out At the end of the day I remember thinking to myself: What an interestingly complex guy this Fishwick is and what a lovely daughter he has Books began my thirty-six year friendship with Marshall and this, his last, helps bring it to a close My friendship with Marshall was as full and rich as any man could ever have asked for I don’t recall www.Ebook777.com Notes 211 Cicero and Community Eugene Ionesco, The Chairs (first produced in 1952) in The Bald Soprano and Other Plays (New York: Grove Press, 1969), p 111 Tony Schwartz, The Responsive Chord (New York: Anchor, 1973), p 126 John Hague, “Whither American Cultural Studies?” in An American Mosaic, edited by Marshall Fishwick (New York: Thompson Learning, 2001), p Parker J Palmer, The Company of Strangers: Christians and the Renewal of America’s Public Life (New York: Crossroad, 1981) Marshall Fishwick, Seven Pillars of Popular Culture (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985), p 27 See also Riall Nolan, Communicating and Adapting Across Cultures: Living and Working in the Global Village (Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1999) Two Pivotal Essays Anthony Everitt, Cicero: The Life and Times of Rome’s Greatest Politician (New York: Random House, 2001), pp 43-44 Charles P Sherman, Roman Law in the Modern World (New Haven, CT: Tuttle, Morehouse, and Taylor, 1942), Chapter Reputation David Thompson, The Idea of Rome (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1971), p 52 For more on Cicero’s reputation, see Donald R Dudley, The Civilization of Rome (New York: Signet Classics, 1962), Chapters V and VI Off to Arpinum At the time of Marcus Tullius Cicero’s birth on January 3, 106 BC, a third of the peninsula was incorporated in the Roman state For more details, see Elizabeth Rawson, Cicero: A Portrait (London: Penguin Books, 1975), Chapter 1, “Arpinum and Rome,” pp 1-11 In addition to ground crops, timber was a valuable commodity Oak was a useful source of acorns for pigs See Anthony Everitt, Cicero: The Life and Times of Rome’s Greatest Politician (New York: Random House, 2001), p 23 Ibid Everitt stresses the need provincial families had for patrons in Rome, who could guide and advise them Cicero’s family was successful in this regard See D R Shackleton Bailey, Cicero’s Letters to His Friends (Middlesex, UK: Penguin Books, 1978) J L Strachan-Davidson, Cicero (New York: Fred DeFau, 1804), p Cicero, the author points out, centered on manhood, not childhood, in troublesome times Of the accounts of Cicero’s childhood in Arpinum, that of G C Richards is among the best See Cicero: A Study (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1970), Chapter 212 CICERO, CLASSICISM, AND POPULAR CULTURE Urbino Hugh Thomas, World History: The Story of Mankind from Prehistory to the Present (New York: Random House, 1996) Other European authors disagree They think that America’s influence will be challenged, even rejected Several McDonald’s in France, for example, have been ransacked and burned in recent months Anti-Americanism is widespread The literature about style is vast, and as an Internet search shows, increases rapidly Heinrich Wölfflin’s work is still essential, as are books by Joseph Margolis and Helmut Hatzfeld George Kubler’s The Shape of Time: Remarks on the History of Things (New Haven; Yale University Press, 1962) has new insights My own thoughts have appeared in earlier books, especially Common Culture and the Great Tradition (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1962) Many journals feature articles and pictures related to style Michael von Albrecht, Cicero’s Style: A Symposium (Leyden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers, 2003), p 246 Good-Bye Roma Anthony Everitt, Cicero: The Life and Times of Rome’s Greatest Politician (New York: Random House, 2001), p 318 See also G C Richards, Cicero: A Study (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1970), pp 208-211 Everitt, Cicero: The Life and Times, p 319 Conflicting information is found in several accounts of Cicero’s last days The one here seems to me to be most accurate Hail, Caesar! Short, well-written, and comprehensive, John Buchan’s Julius Caesar (London: Daily Express Publications, 1932) gives a good introduction to this famous man Warde Fowler’s Julius Caesar (New York: n.p., 1891) may still be the best biography in existence For additional entries, see my biographical note in Buchan’s book, cited previously L P Wilkinson, The Roman Experience (New York: Alfred A Knopf/Random House, 1974), p 82 Edith Hamilton, The Roman Way (New York: W W Norton, 1932/1993), p 72 Hamilton, The Roman Way, p 73 M L Clarke, The Noblest Roman: Marcus Brutus and His Reputation (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981), p 79 Rise and Fall of the Roman Republic Polybius, History I, 1-5 Quoted by Michael Grant in The World of Rome (Cleveland, OH: World Publishing Co., 1960), p Grant, The World of Rome, p Notes 213 See John Buchan, Julius Caesar (London: Daily Express Publications, 1932), Chapter L P Wilkinson, The Roman Experience (New York: Alfred A Knopf/Random House, 1974), pp 53-54 Anthony Everitt, Cicero: The Life and Times of Rome’s Greatest Politician (New York: Random House, 2001), p 321 W K Lacey, Cicero and the End of the Roman Republic (New York: Barnes and Noble, 1978) Ronald Syme, The Roman Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1939), p 145 Does Cicero Still Speak? These thoughts were first brought into focus in my graduate years at Yale University when Professors Ralph Linton, George Kubler, Ralph Gabriel, and Norman Pierson gave me the intellectual grounding I have used ever since Their voluminous works supply many new ideas Peter Laslet, The World We Have Lost (New York: Scribners, 1965), p 58 See also Peter Laslet and Richard Wall, Household and Family in Past Time (London: University Press, 1972) G C Richards, Cicero: A Study (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1970), Chapter 13 Michael Grant, The World of Rome (Cleveland, OH: The World Publishing Company, 1960), pp 293-294 Michael Grant, Cicero: On the Good Life (New York: Penguin Books), Chapter As Grant points out, On Duties is a work on adult topics for readers with adult tastes America: The New Rome Standard histories of the United States explain the Roman influence in greater detail In this way Roman ideas are passed down in schools and universities throughout the land For greater details and examples, see Charles P Sherman’s Roman Law in the Modern World (New Haven, CT: Tuttle, Morehouse, and Taylor, 1942) I allude to Edward Gibbon’s monumental The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1781 to 1788) It conceives of the Roman Empire as a single entity through a long and diversified course A main theme is a vindication of intellectual freedom, which was always foremost with Cicero Cicero’s Fate John Lukacs, At the End of an Age (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002), p 130 Mike Davis, Planet of Slums (New York: Verso, 2005) 214 CICERO, CLASSICISM, AND POPULAR CULTURE Kenneth Burke, A Rhetoric of Motives (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969) Robert Hariman, Political Style: The Artistry of Power (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), p Harry Frankfurt, “On Bullshit,” Raritan (Fall 1986): 81-100; James E Combs and Dan Nimmo, The New Propaganda: The Dictatorships of Palaver in Contemporary Politics (New York: Longman, 1992), pp 238-240 Stephen Toulmin, Cosmopolis: The Hidden Agenda of Modernity (New York: The Free Press, 1990) Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962) Cicero, quoted in James L Golden et al., The Rhetoric of Western Thought (Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1978) Deborah Tannen, The Argument Culture: Stopping America’s War of Words (New York: Random House, 1998) 10 Neil Postman, Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1992) 11 James Combs, Phony Culture: Confidence and Malaise in Contemporary America (Bowling Green, OH: Popular Press, 1994); see the thoughtful discussion of the problems of practicing eloquence today in Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Eloquence in an Electronic Age (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), pp 3-30 12 Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 2004) 13 Paul Zanker, The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1989) 14 Robert Heibroner, An Inquiry into the Human Prospect (New York: W W Norton, 1974), pp 172-173 15 James Combs, unpublished paper, “The Appeal of Reform Stalinism,” 2002 16 Jacques Barzun, From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 1500 to the Present (New York: HarperCollins, 2000), p 801 Some Final Thoughts George Ritzer, Enchanting a Disenchanted World: Revolutionizing the Means of Consumption (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2005) Bibliographic Bibliographic Essay: An Electronic Essay: Search for Cicero An Electronic Search for Cicero When Dr Fishwick mentioned that he was planning a book on Cicero, the Roman statesman and philosopher, he asked me to a computer search to determine what had been written from 19902004 The point of the exercise was to establish the relevance and extent of writing about Cicero in today’s cultural climate, and to reveal recent scholarship The first database examined was Bowker’s Global Books in Print We looked for books written between 1990 and 2004 with the keyword “Cicero.” The status was in print in the United States, Canada, and Great Britain A basic search produced 666 results Some of the titles were not relevant; many were An advanced search in Bowker’s found seventy-six results by limiting the audience to adult, college, and the format to books In this case we searched Cicero as a subject Next, we searched the Expanded Academic Index database Using the keyword “Cicero” and dates 1/11/90 to 8/11/04 This search produced 565 citations The final database used was WorldCat, where we searched Cicero as a subject, the years 1990-2004, language English, books or articles We found 185 items The outcome of these searches seems to indicate great continuing interest in Cicero scholarship Dr Fishwick incorporated much of this new material in his book Anita Haney College Librarian for Humanities Virginia Tech Cicero, Classicism, and Popular Culture © 2007 by The Haworth Press, Inc All rights reserved doi:10.1300/5333_27 215 Index Page numbers in italics indicate photos or illustrations Abeken, B R., Abelard, Peter, 64 Academics, 30, 34 Action, 27, 60, 172-173, 178-179, 186 Adams, John, 37 Adaptability, 103-109 Aging, 18-20 Agrarianism idealized, 40-41, 58, 96 real life, 110-111, 198 Alienation, 51 Ambrose (Saint), 71, 146 Antiochus, 26 Antonius, Marcus, 134, 155-156, 164, 202 and Cicero death, 87, 156, 164, 202 quip about, 134 Shakespeare play, 188 Aquinas, Thomas (Saint), 50, 147 Argumentation, 188-190, 194 Aristotle, 33 Arpinio, 81, 93 Ascham, Roger, 137 Asconiua, Athens, 22, 26 Athletics, 52, 58-59 Atticus, Titus Pomponius, 34, 56-57, 58 Auden, W H., 6-7 Augurs, 27 Augustine (Saint), 27, 146 Augustus Caesar, 35, 63, 154-155, 192, 199 Barrow, R H., 64 Bellah, Robert, 52 Bembo, Cardinal, 61 Benedict (monk), 207 Boissier, Gaston, 9, 10 Bologna, 116, 117-120, 126-128 Buddhism, 112-115 Burke, Edmund, 51 Caesarii, Vesta (Contessa), 83-84, 86-91, 120 Caesars, 17, 88, 154 See also Augustus Caesar; Julius Caesar Carcopin, Jerome, 64 Castigiolone, Baldasare, 112, 137-139 Catilina, Lucius Sergius (Cataline), 26, 27, 104, 200 Cato, 58-59, 64 Change, 185, 198-199 Christianity, 61-62 See also Roman Catholicism Churchill, Winston, 18, 113 Ciaceri, E., Cibber, Colley, Cicero, Marcus Tullius aging, 18-20, 36, 58-60, 61 See also On Old Age appearance, 28, 38 body of work, 10-11, 30, 62 career, 24-28, 30-31, 36, 86, 95-97, 198 Cicero, Classicism, and Popular Culture © 2007 by The Haworth Press, Inc All rights reserved doi:10.1300/5333_28 217 218 CICERO, CLASSICISM, AND POPULAR CULTURE Cicero, Marcus Tullius (continued) in Christian view, 61-64, 147 death, 63, 154-156, 156, 197-198, 202, 207 exile, 28, 57, 155 family marriage, 26, 36 of origin, 94, 96-97 friends, 27-28, 34, 56-57, 58 See also Friendship; On Friendship influence, 121-128, 177-180, 184, 197-199 monuments, 89, 93, 156, 198 name, 94 personality, 17-19, 24, 30, 36, 62, 204 poetry, 23, 94, 95, 110 political party, 96, 168 in pop culture, 198 relevance, 139 See also Twentyfirst century on religion, 26-27, 30, 33, 96, 147-148 reputation, 35, 36-37, 61, 63-64, 170, 173 sources, 32-35, 58, 110 See also Greek influence study of, 3-10, 64, 147, 204-205 times, 16, 17, 21, 30, 36-37, 63, 198-199 travels, 26, 32 values, 29, 170, 172, 178-180, 198-200, 205 youth, 22-24, 61, 93-97 Cicero syndrome, 18 Ciceronianism, 137 Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, 183 Collins, W Lucas, Community, 50-53, 175-177 Consumerism, 206 Cosmology, 110, 178 Crassus, Licinius, 24, 27-28, 161, 162 Crawford, Michael, 64 Culture See also Popular culture argumentation role, 189 definitions, 34-36 Culture (continued) democratic, 190 and Greeks, 49 of masses, 52 and Romans, 49 styles, 131-138 and tradition, 175-176 and words, 188, 190 D’Annunzio, Gabriele, 124 Dante, 147 Dark Ages, 63-64, 82-83, 146-147 De Battaglia, Franco, 197-202 De Inventione, 10, 25 De Republica, 26, 109-110, 170 De Tocqueville, Alexis, 134 Death of Cicero, 63, 154-156, 156, 197-198, 202, 207 views on, 59, 95, 112, 172-173 See also Reincarnation Debate, 188-190, 194 Declamation, 23 Defense of Marcus Caelius Fugus, 11 Defense of Titus Annius Milo, 11 Demetrius of Syria, 26 Devil theory, 104 Dialogue format, 34, 135 Diogenes, 207 Divination, 27, 33 Douglas, A E., The Dream of Scipio, 34, 109-110, 147 Dreams, 205, 109-112 Education, 22-23 Enlightenment, 64 Epicureans, 34 Epigrams, 135 Erasmus, 137 Erikson, Kai, 52 Ethics, 30 Everitt, Anthony, 10, 64, 156, 172 Evil, 147, 172 Index Florence history, 99, 103-106 in 21st century, 92, 100-103, 107, 109 France, Anatole, 36-37 Franklin, Benjamin, 16, 39 Freedom, 176 Friendship, 90, 103, 120, 200-202 See also On Friendship Gallus, Quintus Roscius, 24 Gelzer, M., Gladiators, 52, 58-59 Global Village, 138, 181, 206 Gorgias, 43 Gospel of Success, 37 Gracchus, Tiberius, 168 Grant, Michael, 8, 10, 177-178, 205 Great Tradition, 176 Greek influence and Cicero, 23-24, 26, 33-34, 96, 134, 145, 155 conduit, 29, 31, 43-49, 112, 135-136, 175-177 and Rome, 33, 69, 170 Hamilton, Edith, 10, 161, 164 Hariman, Robert, 186 Harris, B F., 10 Haskell, Henry, 10, 19 Heilbroner, Robert, 192 Historical cycles, 186, 203-204 Homer, 23 Hortensius, 146 Hortensius, Quintus, 25 Human nature, 33, 177 Humor, 134-135 219 Internet, 194-195 Invective, 36 Ionesco, Eugene, 51 Italy maps, 68, 80, 98, 116, 130 radical’s view, 121-128 in 21st century, 99-100, 205-206 See also under Rome; Twenty-first century under Mussolini, 84-85 James, Henry, 88 Jeans, G E., Jefferson, Thomas, 16, 39-42, 89, 199 Jerome (Saint), 146 Jones, A D., Julius Caesar biography, 159-164, 169 and Cicero, 27-28, 35, 161-162, 163, 165 death of, 87 empire under, 166 and Florence, 103 Mommsen view, 63 Jurisprudence, 185 Justice, 147, 176 Kluckhohn, Clyde, 34 Knights (equites), 96, 168, 170 Knowledge, theory of, 30 Kroeber, A L., 34 Lacey, W K., 64 Latin, 22, 31, 137, 177 Lee, Robert E., 199-200 Legal writings, 11, 25 Letters, 11, 154, 165, 172 Lincoln, Abraham, 62 Literacy, 189 Little Tradition, 176 Illusions, 59 Immortality, 30 See also Reincarnation Logos, 43-48 Loneliness, 51 Individual, role of, 33 Lovelace, Sally, 3, Information Revolution, 201 220 CICERO, CLASSICISM, AND POPULAR CULTURE Machiavelli, Niccolo, 104-106 Marrou, H I., 43, 45 Martini, Father Martino, 201 Marxism, 121-128 Mass culture, 52 Mass tourism, 107, 109 Mayor, J B., McDonald’s, 132, 138 McGregor, Horace, 10 Media, 15, 63, 190, 200 Meier, Christian, Melanchthon, Philipp, 62 Merivale, Charles, Middle Ages, 63-64, 82-83, 146-147 Middleton, Conyers, Moda interview, 132-139 Molo, 26 Mommsen, Theodor, 62-63 Monuments, 89, 93 Morality, 145, 147, 172, 180 Movies, 124-125 Multiculturalism, 134 Munk, Eduard, Mussolini, Benito, 84-85, 104, 107, 123-124 Myths, 203-204, 207 Napoleon, 62 Nature, 40, 60, 94 See also Agrarianism The Nature of the Gods, 30 Nielsen, K Hvidtfelt, 45 Now generation, 52 Obedience, 145 Octavian See Augustus Caesar On Divination, 27 On Duties, 36, 146, 147, 172-173 On Friendship, 19, 36, 55-57, 201 On Invention, 10, 25 On Old Age, 19, 58-60, 64, 94-95 On the State, 26, 109-110, 170 On Virtues, 10 The Orator, 44 Oratory, 44-46, 136, 173, 186-191 Orwellianism, 191-194 Palmer, Parker J., 53 Patriotism, 33, 39, 40-41, 147 Patrons, 24, 25, 28 Petrarch, 64 Philippics Against Marcus Antonius, 11, 155-156, 164, 187 Philo, 22 Philosophy, 33-35, 95 Plato, 22, 34, 110 Pliny, 146 Pompey the Great, 24, 28, 161, 163, 169 Pope, Alexander, 177 Popes, 64, 83, 141, 142, 146 See also Roman Catholicism Popular culture, 34-37, 52, 63, 198 Power of Cicero, 36-37, 95-96 and discourse, 186, 192 and fame, 15 in future state, 192-195 Machiavelli, 105-107 and religion, 26-27 in Rome, 21-25, 155, 168, 170 Printing press, 189 Pro Roscio Amerino, 25 Propaganda, 139, 190-195 Protestants, 62 Proto interview, 143-149 Public life, 95-96 Purser, L C., Pythagoras, 34 Quintilian, 173 Rambaud, M., Rawson, Elizabeth, 18-19, 64 Read, Herbert, 34 Index Reid, J S., Reincarnation, 34, 110, 112-115 Religion See also Roman Catholicism and future state, 192-193 in modern Rome, 75-78 and oratory, 187-188 utility, 26-27, 33, 147 Renaissance, 137, 178 Reputation of Cicero, 35, 61, 63 on reputation, 61, 179 Rhetoric and change, 185 for Cicero, 44-48, 134-135 importance, 16-17, 23, 173, 186 and Machiavelli, 106 in 21st century, 15, 46-48 versus propaganda, 191 Richards, G C., 45 Ritzer, George, 206 Roman Catholicism Benedict story, 207 and Cicero, 61-62, 145-148 interviews about, 121, 148-149 and Latin, 137 in Rome today, 75-78 Vatican, 141-146, 206 Roman history Cataline See Catilina, Lucius Sergius early times, 21 empire, 69, 71, 160, 166, 167-169 fall, 82-83, 198-199 Julius Caesar role, 161-165 overview, 47 Republic, 63, 167-172, 186, 198-199 Second Triumvirate, 154-156 Rome for Cicero, 96-97 Forum, 69-70, 89, 123, 139, 153-154, 154 History See Roman history influence, 36-37, 47 jurisprudence, 185 language, 22, 31, 177 and Machiavelli, 105, 106-107 221 Rome (continued) radical’s view, 122 ritual, 33 society, 24, 25, 167-169 in 20/21st centuries, 71-78, 82, 84-89, 151-154 Ross, John M., 10 Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 51 Scaurus, M Aemilius, 23 Schwartz, Tony, 52 Scipio (the Younger), 110 Secularism, 176 Seneca, 60 Shackleton Bailey, D R., 8-9, 10, 64 Slaves, 57, 171 Social order community, 49-53, 175-177 and Jefferson, 41 language role, 177 in Rome, 24, 25, 33, 167-171 Socrates, 34 Spheres, 110 Sports, 58-59 Stalinism, 193 State, emerging role, 190-195 Stockton, David, 10 Stoicism, 30, 34, 172 Strabo, Pompeius, 24 Strachan-Davidson, J L., 9, 10 Style, 131-138, 186 Success, 37 Superstition, 27, 33, 187-188 Syme, Ronald, 172 Technopoly, 190-195 Television See Media Thomas, Lord Hugh, 132 Thomas Aquinas (Saint), 50, 147 Thompson, David, 64 Tiro, 57, 173 Tourism, 107, 109 Toynbee, Arnold, 50 222 CICERO, CLASSICISM, AND POPULAR CULTURE Tradition, 175-177 Trials, 11 Trollope, Anthony, 19 Trust, 60 Truth, 188, 189, 190-191 Tuscany, 98, 99-100 Tusculan Disputation, 30, 36, 55 Tusculum Villa, 40 Twain, Mark, 88-89, 109 Twenty-first century and Cicero, 197-199 governance, 191-195 Italy, 205-206 Bologna, 116, 117-120 countryside, 99-100 Florence, 100-103, 107, 109 Rome, 71-78, 82, 84-89, 151-154 United States, 206 Tyrrel, R Y., United States (continued) Rome comparisons, 171, 181-184, 192, 199, 206 and success, 37 Universalism, 145, 177 See also Global village Urbino, 130, 131-132, 133 Varro, 62 Vatican, 141-146, 206 Verborosso interview, 120-128 Virgil, 22 Von Albrecht, Michael, 139 Von Herder, Gottfried, 53 Vox populi, 52 Washington, George, 16 Western tradition, 175-176 Wilkinson, L P., 64, 170 Willrich, H., Uncertainty, 59 Wilson, Woodrow, 51 United States See also Adams, John; Franklin, Benjamin; Jefferson, Wit, 134-135 Women, 84, 121, 183-184 Thomas; Lee, Robert Wordsworth, William, 51 and Cicero, 15, 64, 176, 199-200 and community, 51-53 debates, 190 Yankelovich, Daniel, 52 Gettysburg Address, 62 influence of, 131-139, 181 popular culture, 37, 63 Zeno of Citium, 34 propaganda, 139, 190-195 Remembering Marshall: An Editor’s Reflections Marshall Fishwick, longtime Haworth author in the field of popular culture, died at his home in Blacksburg, Virginia, on May 22 at the age of eighty-two That’s a sad fact, and as his editor, one I’m having trouble accepting as this much-loved text of his goes to press I have worked with Marshall since the mid-1990s when his book Great Awakenings: Popular Religion and Popular Culture was in production At first, he got my name turned around and I became Meg Parr instead of Peg Marr Is that a malapropism? Whatever it is, it was an endearing quirk of Marshall’s and one I encountered more than once in the course of editing the books he has published with Haworth: Great Awakenings (1995); Popular Culture: Cavespace to Cyberspace (1999); Popular Culture in a New Age (2002); and Probing Popular Culture: On and Off the Internet (2004) I worked with Marshall most closely on Probing Popular Culture The book has a section called Petit Probes, which are short pieces on current pop culture themes I urged him to write the one titled “Curses, Foiled Again” about the so-called curses of the Boston Red Sox and the Chicago Cubs in their attempts to contend and win a World Series He also used my husband’s pictures of Ground Zero for a photo section for the piece titled “9/11.” During this time he got to know my husband, George, and when I mentioned that George was restoring a wooden sailboat he forever after called George “The Captain,” and communicated with him about sailing via e-mail His nickname for me was “Eagle Eye,” referring to what he deemed my ability to catch errors in his manuscripts That was Marshall — interested in everything and everybody and every subject A prolific writer with little patience for details like references, documenting sources was not his forte Why should he need to when it was all in his head? He was a brilliant scholar, holding degrees from the University of Virginia, University of Wisconsin, and Yale He received eight Fulbright Awards, and introduced popular culture disciplines in universities all over the world He received the Life Achievement Award in Popular Culture in 1998 from the Popular Culture Association, and he wrote dozens of books His accomplishments are myriad and amazing Marshall was the ultimate teacher, and he must have loved his profession, because his books were always dedicated to his students “who have really been my teachers”; “who have taught me more than I have taught them”; and, speaking as a student himself, he dedicated his last book on Cicero to his high school Latin teacher, Miss Sally Lovelace: “she not only taught, but inspired, encouraged, and opened our eyes to the classical world.” I could say the same of Marshall, for I believe he was also such an inspiration and encouragement to his students Certainly he inspired Tom Wolfe (The Bonfire of the Vanities, 1987; The Right Stuff, 1979) one of his students when Marshall taught at Washington and Lee Wolfe called Marshall “the most magnetic teacher I have ever known.” Roger Mudd, the journalist, was also a student of Marshall’s at Washington and Lee Knowing Marshall in an editorial capacity for more than ten years, I can imagine what it must have been like to be a student in one of his classes; it’s an experience I wish I could have shared with those students he remembers so fondly and counted as friends How many TOPNOTCH teachers have you had in your lifetime? How many inspired you with a love for learning, excited you with knowledge, and challenged you to achieve excellence? I can count mine on the fingers of one hand I know I could have included Marshall, had I been afforded the opportunity to sit in one of his classes An excellent teacher generates excitement about his or her subject Marshall was always excited about every project he undertook with Haworth and he was constantly reminding us of this enthusiasm through little notes and letters of encouragement He took a personal interest in each of us he worked with in the book division My colleague, Trish Brown, and I have “Marshall files” of all the letters, articles, and messages he has sent over the years He remembered that I was a nut about Christmas and he sent me an article he wrote for the Roanoke, Virginia, newspaper titled “And all through the house Santa, looking for advice, makes a Christmas Eve call” (The Roanoke Times, December 24, 2000) Santa makes a visit to Marshall seeking advice in this parody of “A Visit from St Nicholas.” Santa has just come down the Fishwick chimney and says “Sorry to disturb you,” he said “But they tell me you teach a course about our new media and technology I need some advice They’re driving me up the wall — or to the mall — instead of up the chimney.” “What’s the trouble?” I asked “First, it was weeks of wasted time while they hand-counted votes in Florida My elves were glued to CNN Then the adults who used to contact us are malling instead I just saw this bumper sticker down the street: ‘If I die, take me to Wal-Mart’s parking lot; I want to be buried next to my wife.’ Then came the slowdown of children’s letters back at the North Pole," he confided “I put my elves on the problem, and they found the answer Children don’t write letters anymore Most are using the Internet — and ordering from catalogs.” “We’re into a new millennium, a new age,” I said “To quote my students — ‘Get a new life Get online.” Would I have liked to have been a student of the teacher who wrote this? Oh yes!!!! Another tidbit from Marshall was a copy of a memo from an individual at the White House Speechwriting Office, asking for help in tracking down a Churchill quote Marshall had cited in one of his articles, in which Churchill referred to the Marshall Plan as “the most generous act in the annals of modern history.” Marshall’s handwritten note to me says “Bush quoting Shakespeare and Churchill: Maybe we ARE on the right track!” I cherish my “Marshall files.” I marvel at the energy of this man, his enthusiasm, his generosity of spirit, his joie de vivre I can’t imagine his life contained many dull moments He was too busy writing, teaching, conversing, LIVING! No wonder his high school classmates at Jefferson High in Roanoke voted him most likely to succeed (Way to go, Class of 1940—you voted for a winner!) Marshall Fishwick touched my life in a special way and I counted him as a friend, albeit one I never met in person He was a Virginian, an oldschool, Southern gentleman akin to his heroes Robert E Lee and Thomas Jefferson, and as a World War II veteran, a member of The Greatest Generation Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Marshall, I am sure, is in his new world conversing with Bobby Lee and Tom Jefferson, but most of all with his pop culture icon and namesake, Marshall McLuhan, and who knows? maybe even Cicero Marshall, Eagle Eye and The Captain celebrate your life We miss you, and wish you peace Peg Marr Senior Production Editor November 21, 2006 www.Ebook777.com ... www.Ebook777.com Cicero, Classicism, and Popular Culture www.Ebook777.com THE HAWORTH PRESS Other Titles by Marshall W Fishwick Great Awakenings: Popular Religion and Popular Culture Popular Culture: ... of Popular Culture and co-founded the Popular Culture Association in the 1960s He founded the journal International Popular Culture and was advisory editor to the Journal of Popular Culture and. .. Popular Culture: Cavespace to Cyberspace Popular Culture in a New Age Probing Popular Culture: On and Off the Internet Cicero, Classicism, and Popular Culture Marshall W Fishwick, PhD, DPhil Free