Past Participle Phrase: V-ED phrases replace relative clauses Có thể dùng một ngữ tính từ V-ED để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu động từ chính của mệnh đề đó ở thể bị động..?. The man [r]
(1)PHẦN I – STRESS – TRỌNG ÂM RULES TO MARK STRESS – QUI TẮC ĐÁNH TRỌNG ÂM TIẾT Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I Definitions: Phoneme: The smallest part of sound (vowel and consonant sounds) Âm tố - là thành phần nhỏ âm (gồm nguyên âm và phụ âm) Syllable: The sound made when one or clusters of phoneme are articulated Âm tiết – là tiếng phát nhiều âm tố phát âm Stress: The degree of the loudness or prominence with which a sound ort a word is pronounced Độ lớn hay thống trị âm âm tiết chùm âm từ (có từ hai âm tiết trở lên) đọc, nói hay phát âm II Rules to mark stress: Di-syllable words: a Usually on the second syllable if it is a verb whose second syllable doesn’t contain the vowel sounds of /ә/, /I/, and /әu/, on the first syllable of the other words (trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ động từ - trừ các âm tiết thứ chứa nguyên âm /ә/, /I/, /әu/, rơi vào âm tiết thứ các từ loại còn lại) As: mother, ready, color, palace, student, teacher, tonight, afraid, people, money, enjoy, paper, begin, provide, summer, abroad, noisy, success, enter,… b Usually on the root syllables with words having suffixes or prefixes(đối với từ có mang tiền tố, hậu tố, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết gốc) As: become, react, foretell, unpleasant, begin, failure, threaten, daily, treatment, ruler, unknown, builder, lately, quickly,… c Be careful with words with different word-class (đối với từ mà thân có nhiều chức từ vựng ta áp dụng qui tắc a) As Verb Other words Verb Other words Verb Other words rebel rebel record record conflict conflict progress progress export export permit permit suspect suspect conduct conduct 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 PRACTICE EXERCISE - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Find the one whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group A paper B tonight C lecture D story A money B army C afraid D people A enjoy B daughter C provide D decide A begin B pastime C finish D summer A abroad B noisy C hundred D quiet A passion B aspect C medium D success A exist B evolve C enjoy D enter A doctor B modern C corner D Chinese A complain B machine C music D instead A writer B baker C builder D career A provide B adopt C happen D inspire A result B region C river D robot A constant B basic C irate D obvious A become B carry C appoint D invent A engine B battle C career D rabies A attract B destroy C level D occur A spaceship B planet C solar D surround A brilliant B daily C extreme D protein A appoint B gather C threaten D vanish A button B canal C failure D monster (2) TIẾT RULES TO MARK STRESS – QUI TẮC ĐÁNH TRỌNG ÂM Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / Words with more than two syllable: a Usually on the 3rd syllables from the end (trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thư ba kể từ âm tiết cuối): As family, cinema, regular, singular, international, satisfactory, recognize, demonstrate, qualify, psychology, biologist, biology, democracy, responsibility… b Usually on the 2nd syllables from the end with words ending in “ian”, “ic”, “ience”, “ient”, “al”, “ial”, “ual”, “eous”, “ious”, “iar”, “ion”(đối với các từ có tận cùng đã liệt kê, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết liền trước các tận cùng này – thứ kể từ âm tiết cuối) As: physician, experience, expedient, parental, essential, habitual, courageous, delicious, familiar,… (Except for: Television) c Usually on the suffixes “ese”, “ee’, “eer”, “ier”, “ette”, “oo”, “esque” (đối với các từ có tận cùng liệt kê, trọng âm thường rơi vào chính các âm tiết chứa các tận cùng này) As: Portuguese, refugee, employee, engineer, volunteer, adequate, picturesque, cigarette,… 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Notes: PRACTICE EXERCISE - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Find the one whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group A interesting B surprising C amusing D successful A understand B engineer C benefit D Vietnamese A aP.Plicant B uniform C yesterday D employment A dangerous B parachute C popular D magazine A beautifully B intelligent C redundancy D discovery A comfortable B employment C important D surprising A variety B irrational C industrial D characterize A colorful B equality C dictionary D vegetable A elegant B regional C musical D important A difference B suburban C internet D character A beautiful B effective C favorite D popular A attraction B government C borrowing D visit A difficulty B individual C population D unemployment A biology B redundancy C interviewer D comparative A conversation B isolation C traditional D situation A capital B tradition C different D opera A inventor B physicist C president D gardener A biology B interviewer C redundancy D America A encourage B consider C constitute D inhabit A industry B holiday C adventure D certainty - Trên thực tế không có qui tắc bất biến cho việc xác định vị trí trọng âm từ - Việc xác định trọng âm cần thực cùng cách phát âm, dựa nhiều vào kinh nghiệm - Những bài tập cung cấp là bài tập có tần suất sử dụng lớn để soạn đề thi TIẾT + Ngày soạn: PRACTICE EXERCISE - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH / / Ngày giảng: / / Find the word whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group: 10 11 12 13 14 A continue A altogether A professor A mathematics A evolution A another A evaporate A gravity A abandon A activity A disease A remedy A pneumonia A persuade B disaP.Pear B capacity B digestion B biology B development B energy B temperature B professor B discover B epidemic B humor B exercise B activity B reduce C imagine C eventually C mechanic C experiment C discovery C centigrade C impossible C pyramid C imagine C philosopher C cancer C pollution C psychiatrist C offer D inhabit D particular D engine D philosophy D philosopher D gravity D experiment D remedy D satisfy D significance D treatment D surgery D ordinary D apply (3) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 A expression A farmer A cattle A money A borrow A government A paper A interesting A element A damage A biology A ancient A person A eternal A ruler A revolution A sentence A bacteria A attack A pyramid A accompany A provide A cinema A design A exercise A excellent A beautiful A theatre A amuse A especially A policeman A advice A prepare A famous A vacation A theatre A picture A museum A performance A yesterday A memory A sorry A interest A policeman A vegetable A homework A uncle A every A produce A vegetable A coffee A eleven A preparation A leather A mirror A discovery A descendant A resounding A difference B successful B farewell B country B machine B agree B condition B police B important B enormous B destroy B intelligent B attack B purpose B enormous B river B responsible B suggest B dangerous B defeat B pharaoh B responsibility B improve B telephone B garage B example B exactly B elephant B unknown B imagine B beautifully B performer B beauty B practice B curious B colleague B career B business B cinema B unknown B tonight B article B tractor B remember B semester B interesting B lesson B machine B evening B money B university B farmer B elephant B decoration B paper B invent B calculator B environment B recompense B deficit C physical C factory C canal C many C await C parliament C people C increasing C animal C demand C environment C alive C possess C enemy C retire C renovation C species C government C believe C animal C environment C contain C department C market C holiday C dangerous C already C absence C interest C quickly C engineer C picture C prevent C anxious C pupil C cinema C stranger C hospital C visit C today C newspaper C police C assemble C exercise C volleyball C detect C rubber C potato C improve C Wednesday C paper C energy C television C iron C wallet C aero-plane C ornamental C reconcile C reference D prevention D fairy D cover D mother D prepare D fortunate D purpose D implying D elephant D deny D infrastructure D across D pirate D Egyptian D rapid D regulation D system D interesting D happen D possession D parliament D borrow D restaurant D village D stadium D wonderful D usually D dinner D surprise D lately D assistant D postcard D provide D delicious D teacher D gallery D return D concert D confirm D tomorrow D edition D fireman D resemble D attendance D detective D tennis D butter D factory D because D television D deliver D envelope D exhibition D ceramics D engine D difficulty D delivery D recognize D deficiency (4) 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 TIẾT + A devilish A arithmetic A honorable A militarism A suP.Port A apology A oblivious A librarian A architect A utterance A ferocious A occurrence B transparent B aristocrat B intimacy B infected B colleague B apparent B ferocious B respectable B pioneer B attendance B adventure B particular C glorify C artificial C participate C eventual C bilingual C adverbial C scandalous C terrific C military C performance C Orient C spectator D luxury D argument D interviewer D community D evaluate D advocate D victorious D terrorist D principal D reluctance D achievement D preference PHẦN I - PRONUNCIATION CHART – BẢNG PHIÊN ÂM QUỐC TẾ (5) Ngày soạn: / / Sounds Letters Words Vowel sounds (nguyên âm) / I/ i sit e pretty a village y happy /i:/ ea lead ee meet /e/ e send ea head a many / æ/ a land /o/ o pot a wash /o:/ or fork aw saw // a cash u shut o some ou tough /a:/ ar card ear heart /u/ u pull ou could oo good /u:/ u pollution oe shoe oo moon ui fruit / ә/ er reader or actor / з:/ er prefer ir shirt ur hurt or word ear heard Diphthongs (chùm nguyên âm) / ei/ a case ei eight maid ay say / ai/ i kite y sky / oi/ oi soil oy employ / au/ ou mouse ow now / әu/ o cold ow slow ew sew Ngày giảng: Notes Đọc i ngắn, gần với Đọc i dài Đọc e tròn môi Đọc o tròn ngắn Đọc o tròn vang họng Đọc a, ă, â ngắn bật Đọc a rộng miệng Đọc u tròn môi, ngắn âm, gần Đọc u ngân dài, vang âm Đọc ngắn vòm Đọc dài, âm họng và vòm miệng Đọc ê hay ây, âm kép dài Đọc âm Việt Đọc oi âm Việt Âm au âm Việt Đọc Việt âu âm / / Sounds Letters Words Notes Gần ch / t∫/ ch choice Gần c / k/ k kitchen c concert âm ch chemist Việt q conquest Gần h / h/ h hike wh whoop Voiced consonants (phụ âm hữu thanh) Gần b / b/ b boy Gần v / v/ v visit f of Gần d // th them Gần đ / d/ d done ed lived Gần gi / z/ z zebra s visit Không s vision / Ʒ/ Không /dƷ/ g germ Gần g / g/ g gift Gần l /l/ l little Gần m /m/ m monk Gần n /n/ n name Gần ng / ŋ/ n think ng sing Gần r /r/ r rural Không /w/ w with wh when Gần /j/ j jam gi y young u music Âm /ф/ h honest câm, k knight không b comb có âm p pneumo Clusters of consonants (chùm phụ âm) Chùm /s+/ /sp/ spray phụ /st/ start âm với /sk/ school s /sf/ sphere /sm/ small /sn/ snow /sw/ sweet /sj/ super Chùm /p+/ /pl/ plump phụ /pr/ proud âm p+ /pj/ pure Chùm /t+/ /tr/ train phụ /tw/ twice âm t+ /tj/ tube (6) Đọc ia hear âm Việt here Âm e-ơ / eә/ there ngân, âm fare lưỡi họng hair Đọc ua / uә/ tour Nguyên /aiә/ tire âm ba ai-ơ tyre buyer Đọc âu-ơ / әuә/ slower Đọc ao-ơ / auә/ shower hay au-ơ flour Đọc ây-ơ / eiә/ prayer hay ê-ơ greyer Đọc oi-ơ / oiә/ employe âm Việt r oyal loyal Voiceless consonants (phụ âm vô thanh) Gần p Việt / p/ p pen Gần ph / f/ f five âm ph physics Việt gh laugh Gần // th throw Gần t bật / t/ t teach ed looked Gần x, âm / s/ s site sát nhẹ c centre Gần s, âm /∫/ sh sheep tắc sát bật ch machine s sugar / iә/ ear ere ere are air our ire yre yer ower ower our ayer eyer oyer Chú ý: - /b+/ /g+/ /d+/ /f+/ /+/ Các kết hợp khác /kl/ /kr/ /kw/ /kj/ /bl/ /br/ /bj/ /gl/ /gr/ /dr/ /dw/ /dj/ /fl/ /fr/ /fj/ class cream quite cure blow bring burial glass grow dream dwell duty flow fry furious /r/ /w/ /vj/ /mj/ /∫r/ /nj/ /spr/ /spl/ /skr/ /str/ /skj/ /stj/ /spj/ /skw/ throw thwart view mute shrimp nude spread splash scream stream scuba student spume square Chùm phụ âm k+ Chùm phụ âm b+ Âm g+ Chùm phụ âm d+ Chùm phụ âm f+ Âm + Các ví dụ mang tính minh họa, học sinh cần nhớ chư đại diện âm Các biểu tượng cấu âm các từ điển khác có khác biệt nhỏ Âm biến đổi phụ thuộc vào ngữ cảnh và chức từ vựng, chức biểu cảm âm Hiện tượng các từ khác phát âm giống gọi là đồng âm khác nghĩa “homonym” TIẾT + Ngày soạn: /k+/ PRACTICE EXERCISE – BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH / / Ngày giảng: / / Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the same group 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 A candy A earning A pays A given A cough A accident A this A gas A bought A spear A forks A handed A car A within A has A drunkard A kites B sandy B learning B stays B risen B tough B jazz B thick B gain B naught B gear B tables B booked B coach B without B bag B postcard B catches C many C searching C says C ridden C rough C stamp C maths C germ C plough C fear C beds C translated C century C clothing C dad C remark C oranges D handy D clearing D plays D whiten D enough D watch D thin D good D thought D pear D windows D visited D cooperate D strengthen D made D discard D buzzes (7) 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 A student A wealth A brilliant A flouride A surgeon A feather A geology A idiom A children A both A helped A name A blood A deaf A comb A thick A flour A dictation A dew A asked A smells A chooses A decided A head A blood A height A through A fought A moon A any A height A book A pan A table A host A there A dear A work A name A page A count A noon A how A harm A brought A call A measure A alone A timid A trousers A whisper A cleaned A churched A church A push A lamb A winding A machine A stay B stupid B cloth B trip B hidden B agent B leather B psychology B ideal B child B myth B booked B natural B food B of B plumb B though B hour B repetition B knew B helped B cuts B pauses B hatred B break B tool B fine B them B country B pool B apple B like B blood B woman B lady B most B chair B beard B coat B flame B game B sound B tool B town B wash B ought B curtain B decision B home B tidy B route B waste B played B chimney B choir B pull B comb B windy B washing B pay C study C with C tripe C arid C engine C feature C classify C item C mild C with C hoped C native C moon C leaf C climb C thank C pour C station C sew C kissed C opens C rises C sacred C bread C moon C tidy C threaten C bought C door C hat C buy C look C sad C labor C cost C clear C beer C go C man C go C found C blood C power C call C thought C cell C pleasure C go C timer C shout C husband C snowed C check C choice C rush C lumber C finish C brush C cake D studio D marathon D tip D lid D regard D measure D photography D identical D wild D sixth D waited D nation D pool D wife D disturb D think D sour D question D few D played D plays D horses D warned D breath D spool D cliff D thunder D ought D cool D cat D hair D foot D man D captain D post D hair D heard D know D fame D gift D shouted D spoon D slow D talk D though D contain D permission D foul D kite D amount D inspiration D brushed D cholera D chess D butcher D debt D spin D chin D quay (8) 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 A find A wanted A booked A wants A rakes A briefcases A theme A hot A that A fat A name A bear A last A page A find A bush A clothes A wrong A food A why A cure A corn A brother A here TIẾT + 10 Ngày soạn: PHẦN III / B style B provided B canned B says B boats B oranges B there B got B make B hate B fame B clear B fast B game B bite B push B gone B watch B look B myth B tube B cup B breathing B mere C tonight C painted C begged C looks C pens C judges C thin C mode C take C had C man C fear C taste C go C since C pull C drove C shop C took C type C amuse C can C either C there - PARTS OF SPEECH - / Ngày giảng: D mid-term D opened D bottomed D laughs D traps D rules D thank D shot D cake D mad D frame D hear D task D gift D drive D brush D ghost D love D good D psychology D pull D cede D death D atmosphere BỘ PHẬN NGÔN NGỮ (TỪ VỰNG) / / I NOUNS (N): DANH TỪ Definition: To call out the names of things, objects, actions, or movements… (dùng để gọi tên vật, tượng) Functions: (chức năng) Subject (S)(chủ ngữ): Gender of a verb (A teacher usually works at school) Object (O)(tân ngữ): Follow verbs or prepositions (He buys some cakes for his birthday party) Complement (C)(bổ ngữ): Make the complementation (She was a famous singer) Compounds (Co)(danh từ ghép): summer holiday, birthday cakes,… Possessive cases (Pc)(dạng sở hữu cách): the boss’s car, his teacher’s remarks,… Noun phrases (Np)(cụm danh từ kết hợp tự do): Free words combination or compounds Plural forms: dạng thức biến đổi số nhiều 3.1 Adding “s” to almost count-nouns: thêm ‘s’ vào sau hầu hết các danh từ, đọc /s/ và /z/ a table a student a house tables student s houses a dog an orange a cat dogs orange s cats an apple an umbrella an egg apples umbrella s eggs 3.2 Adding “es” to the count-nouns that end in “ s, ss, sh, ch, o, x ” with /iz/ or /z/ sound: thêm ‘es’ a bus a dish a watch 3.3 buses dishes watches potatoes boxes tomatoe s a class a wish a torch classes wishes torches Adding “ies” to the count-nouns that end in “y” with its preceding consonants: them ‘ies’ singular a lorry a story 3.4 a potato a box a tomato plural lorries stories singular a lady a baby plural ladies babies Adding “ves” to the count-nouns that end in “f, fe”: đổi ‘f’, ‘fe’ thành ‘ves’ singular a wife a knife plural wives knives singular a leaf a loaf plural leaves loaves (9) 3.5 Irregular changes: dạng biến đổi bất qui tắc singular a man a child plural men children singular a louse a medium plural Singular plural lice a woman women medi an ox oxen a a tooth teeth a mouse mice a goose geese 3.6 Collective noun: crew, family, group, team,…(singular or plural form, either singular or plural verb) danh từ tổ hợp, có thể coi là số ít số nhiều, dùng động từ dạng số ít nhiều 3.7 Always plural form-nouns: luôn tồn hình thức số nhiều clothes police breeches Pants pyjamas trousers scissors pliers (kìm) binoculars glasses scales shears (kéo cắt cỏ) arms damages earnings goods greens (vegetable) outskirts savings pains (trouble, effort) spirits surroundings stairs valuables athletics ethics mathematics physics politics 3.8 Unchanged the names of creatures: deer, sheep, calf, cod, pike, plaice, salmon, squid, trout, turbot (these nouns can take either singular or plural verbs) hình thức số ít, nhiều không đổi 3.9 Plural form but singular verb-noun: news, mumps (bệnh sưng quai hàm), billiards, bowls – hình thức số nhiều sử dụng số ít Uncountable nouns: Danh từ không đếm 4.1 Substances: vật chất bread dust beer gin cloth glass coffee gold cream soap Ice Stone sand water wood jam wine oil paper tea 4.2 Abstract nouns: danh từ không đếm advice fear 4.3 beauty help courage hope death horror experience knowledge information mercy suspicion pity Others: số danh từ khác baggage camping damage Furniture luggage parking shopping work Weather 4.4 Notes: Particular sense of uncountable nouns: số danh từ không đếm lại có mạo từ 4.4.1 a help: A great help to + O (He gave a great help to our family) 4.4.2 a relief: A relief to + V (That gave me a relief to continue my study) 4.4.3 a knowledge: A good/ bad knowledge of + N (Pete has got a good knowledge of history) 4.4.4 a dislike / dread / hatred / horror / love of + …(He had a great love for funny stories) 4.4.5 a mercy / pity / shame / wonder + that…(It’s a pity that I couldn’t come) 4.4.6 a fear/ fears; a hope/ hopes; a suspicion/ suspicions: We have a suspicion / suspicions that no one will agree to help Compound nouns: danh từ ghép 5.1 Noun-noun: Hanoi-capital; hall-door; hitch-hiker; kitchen-table; traffic light; winter clothes; 5.2 Noun-gerund: fruit-picking; weight-lifting; lorry-driving; bird-watching; coal-mining; surf5.3 Gerund-noun: waiting-list; landing card; driving board; dining room; driving license;… 5.4 Free combination: kết hợp tự - shop window; church bell; picture frame; garden gate; college library; gear level;… - city street; corner shop; country lane; … - summer holiday; spring flowers; Sunday paper; dawn chorus; November fog; … - steel door; stone wall; silk shirt;…/ - coffee cup; golf club; chess board; football ground;… - fish-farm; gold-mine; oil-rig; …/ - football match; beauty contest; pop music;… Suffixes: các hậu tố dùng để tạo danh từ 6.1 er/ or/ ist/ ant/ ee/…: teacher, visitor, terrorist, vegetarian, aP.Plicant, employee,… 6.2 ent/ ce/ ion/ ism/ ance/ age/…: government, difference, action, capitalism, assistance, marriage,… 6.3 hood/ dom/ ship/ ness/ iety/…: neighborhood, freedom, friendship, sadness, variety, 6.4 ility/ ing/ al/ our/ y/…: possibility, fishing, refusal, arrival, behavior, difficulty,… II VERBS (V) Definition: To denote action, state, and be the most important part of sentences Classification: phân loại động từ 2.1 Auxiliary verbs: động từ trợ 2.1.1 Primary auxiliary verbs: be/ have/ (These verbs can either be auxiliaries or lexical verbs) 2.1.2 Modal verbs: can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ have to + base form/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ be relief (10) going to + base form/ used to + base form/ ought to + base form/(These are sometimes functional verbs) 2.2 Lexical verbs: động từ mang nghĩa 2.2.1 Intensive verbs: verbs that show the state (She feels tired/ He is selfish) 2.2.2 Extensive verbs: verbs that show the affection (He gets angry/ They are helpful) 2.2.3 Intransitive verbs: verbs that can function as verb phrases and make sentences meaningful without any complementation e.g She cried (noisily) It rains/ is raining (hard/ heavily/ cats and dogs) 2.2.4 Transitive verbs: verbs that need complementation a Mono-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by one object (S+V+O) e.g She bought flowers Ann met her fiance’ yesterday b Di-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by both direct and indirect objects (S+V+O+O) e.g She bought me some sweets (= She bought some sweets for me) They gave me a big cake (=They gave a big cake to me) c Complex transitive verbs: follow the form “S + V + O + Co” e.g He made me angry d Affixations: phụ tố để tạo động từ 3.1 en: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or lead to ) e.g danger…….to endanger wide…… to widen rich……… to enrich courage……to encourage length……to lengthen broad …… to broaden 3.2 ize/ ise: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or develop, or specify) e.g modern……to modernize industrial….to industrialize minimum….to minimize maximum….to maximize capital…… to capitalize natural…… to naturalize Sentence models: 4.1 S + V-intrans They laugh/ The wind is blowing 4.2 S + V-monotrans + O He did his homework/ Harley carried an umbrella 4.3 S + V-in/ extensive + Cs He became famous/ They are nearly exhausted 4.4 S + V-intrans + A He went abroad/ She arrives late 4.5 S + V-ditrans + O + O She buys me presents/ That brings my father success 4.6 S + V-complex trans + O + C The story made me bored/ You drive me mad 4.7 S + V-intrans + A + A She went to school early/ He came to the park in the early morning TIẾT 11 + 12 Ngày soạn: PHẦN III / / - PARTS OF SPEECH - BỘ PHẬN NGÔN NGỮ (TỪ VỰNG) Ngày giảng: / / III ADJECTIVES (ADJ) Kinds (Classification): phân loại 1.1 Main kinds: phân loại chính a Demonstrative: this, that, those, these b Distributive: each, every, either, neither c Quantitative: some, any, no, little, few, many, much, numbers d Interrogative: which, what, whose e Possessive: my, your, his, her, our, its, their f Quality: clever, dry, fat, golden, heavy,… 1.2 Participles: phân từ a present: ING-form boring, interesting, exciting,…(for objects) b past: ED-form broken, tired, bored,…(for human-beings) c Notes: Present participles are different from gerund e.g He was fishing./ His hobby is fishing Functions (Position): chức hay vị trí 2.1 Noun-subordinator: (bổ nghĩa cho danh từ) a new book, a kind lady, a large room,… 2.2 Verb-complementation: (bổ nghĩa cho động từ) Follow the certain verbs as be, become, seem aP.Pear, feel, get, grow (become), keep, look (aP.Pear), make, smell, sound, taste, turn,… But some verbs can take either an adjective or an adverb: Eg: - He looks calm (=He himself is calm) - He looks calmly at the angry crowd (= He shows no attitude to the angry crowd) Comparison forms: cấp so sánh 3.1 Positive degree: so sánh as + adjs + as Eg: - She is as tall as my wife - Peter was as hard-working as I was (me) 3.2 Comparative degree: so sánh 3.2.1 Monosyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đơn âm tiết adjs-ER + than Eg: - Lan is shorter than Na - She was better at English than we were (us) 3.2.2 Multisyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đa âm tiết more + adjs + than (11) Eg: - She was more hard-working than us - We are more intelligent than him 3.3 Superlative degree: so sánh 3.3.1 Monosyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đơn âm tiết the adjs-EST Eg: - Nam is the best in our class - She was the kindest lady I’ve ever met 3.3.2 Multisyllable- adjectives: với tính từ đa âm tiết the most + adjs Eg: - Sharol was the most intelligent in my group - She is the most hard-working girl I’ve ever known Notes: For adjectives ending in “er”, “y”, “ly”, or the irregular cases: Adjective Comparative Superlative Adjective Comparative Superlative clever cleverer the cleverest bad Worse the worst pretty prettier the prettiest far Farther/ further the farthest/ furthest happy haP.Pier the haP.Piest little Less the least silly sillier the silliest man / More the most much good better the best old older/ elder the oldest/ eldest 3.4 Parallel: so sánh song song và so sánh thăng tiến - “The… the”: The older she gets, the wiser she become - And: It’s getting darker and darker She has now more and more free time - Gerunds/ infinitives: Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a bike It’s nicer/ better/ more fun to go with someone than to go alone 3.5 Like/ alike: Tom is very like Bill Tom and Bill are alike 3.6 Like/ as: He swims like a fish You look like a ghost Do as I told you 3.7 Like + N/ as + N: He worked like a slave (He worked very hard/ He wasn’t a slave) He worked as a slave (He was a slave in fact) 3.8 The adjectives: The rich, the poor,… Clauses: các mệnh đề danh tính ngữ 4.1 That – clause: It is disappointed that he failed the exam./ It’s better that someone should tell him 4.2 find/ think/ believe + that it + adjs + to + V: I found that it is impossible to start now./ She thought that it was silly to ask him to stay 4.3 It be + adjs + (of O) + infinitives: a Character: brave, careless, cowardly (nhút nhát), cruel, generous, good, nice (=kind), mean, rude, selfish b Sense: clever, foolish, idiotic (ngu), intelligent, sensible (nhạy bén), silly, stupid,… 4.4 Pronoun + be + adjs + noun + infinitives: Using the above adjectives and: astonishing, curious, ridiculous (lố bịch), unreasonable, funny(=strange), odd (lập dị), pointless, useful, useless,… - That’s the amazing idea to show - It was an unreasonable result to accept 4.5 It’s + adjs + infinitives: advisable, inadvisable, better, best, desirable, essential, good, important, necessary, unnecessary, vital (tất yếu),… 4.6 It be + adjs + (for O) + infinitives: convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, possible, important, safe,… 4.7 S + be + adjs + infinitives : - Angry, delighted, dismayed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sorry, sad,… ( S + be + glad/ happy/ sorry/ sad/… + to say/ tell/ inform; Others adjs + to find/ learn/ hear/ see/…) - Able, unable, apt, inclined, liable, prone, prepared, quick, reluctant, slow, ready, willing, 4.8 Special cases: các cấu trúc đặc biệt - Due: (time) >The race is due to start in minutes (sắp xảy ra) - Due to: a result of >The accident was due to his carelessness.(vì, bởi) - Owing to: because of >owing to his carelessness, we had an accident (bởi vì, bởi) - Certain/ sure + to V= opinion >He is sure to take legal action (chắc là – suy đoán) - Certain/ sure that + (clause) = opinion >I am certain that the price will be higher (chắc là – suy đoán) - Certain/ sure/ confident of + N/G: He was sure of entering the haunted house.(quyêt tâm) - Bound + to V= obligation > We were bound to leave - Afraid/ ashamed of + N/G: She was afraid of being left alone - Sorry for/ about + N/G: Tom felt sorry for making so many mistakes - Afraid/ ashamed/ sorry + to V: I’m sorry to tell you that bad news - Anxious about = worried He was anxious about going in the dark alone - Anxious for O to V = wish He was anxious for you to go in the dark alone - Anxious that + (clause) We are anxious that we couldn’t come - Fortunate/ lucky that +(clause) = It’s a good thing…It was lucky that we weren’t late - S + be fortunate/ lucky to V She was lucky to have such an interesting book - Possible/ probable/ likely + future = perhaps It’s possible that man will live longer - Aware/ conscious of N/G We should be aware of protecting our nature - Aware/ conscious + that +(clause) She was conscious that she would be late (12) Suffixes: 5.1 able/ ible/ ish/ ed/ ing/ ful/ less/…: talkable, visible, whitish, bored, amusing, careful, hopeless,… 5.2 y/ ly/ en/ ese/ ous/ al/ ive/…: wealthy, manly, golden, Chinese, poisonous, logical, effective,… 5.3 ade/ ate/ ent/ wide/ ic/ ist/…: adequate, humanate, dependent, worldwide, domestic, communist,… 5.4 like/ style/ type/…: childlike, Roman-type, German-style,… 5.5 Nationality: a an: American, Venezuelan, German, Mexican, African,… b ese: Chinese, Vietnamese, Portuguese, Sudanese, Lebanese,… c i: Pakistani, Iraqi, Israeli, Yemeni, Saudi,… d ian: Argentinean, Australian, Brazilian, Italian,… e ish: English, Polish, Turkish, Danish, Finnish,… f others: Czech, French, Dutch, Swiss, Greek, Thai,… IV ADVERBS (ADV) TRẠNG TỪ Kinds (Classification): phân loại 1.1 Adv of manner: bravely/ haP.Pily/ quickly/ well/ …( She sings marvelously/ He worked very hard) 1.2 Adv of place: by/ down/ near/ here/ there/ … (She comes there twice a week/ Here comes the police) 1.3 Adv of time: now/ soon/ still/ today/ yet/…(We are going to Hanoi today/ He will return soon) 1.4 Adv of frequency: always/ once/ twice/…(We never eat dog-meat/ She once became the leader) 1.5 Adv of sentence: certainly/ definitely/ luckily/ ( He was certainly the liar/ Luckily, she passed the exam) 1.6 Adv of degree: fairly/ hardly/ rather/ quite/ too/ …(He was quite handsome/ Hardly did we see anything) 1.7 Adv of interrogative: when/ where/ why/… (When did you go?/ Where is she now?) 1.8 Adv of relative: when/ where/ why (He came when we were watching T.V) Same form with adjectives: tính từ và trạng từ có chung hình thức back deep* direct* early enough little straight far fast hard* high* ill near* well just* kindly late* left wrong* most* right* long low Much* more* short* till pretty Note: Adv* can either have “ly” or not, but differences in meanings Positions (Functions): vị trí hay chức 3.1 Adv of manner: trạng từ thể cách Follow verbs: eg: He danced gracefully Before pres or follow objects in “V + pre + O”: eg: He looked at me carefully He looked carefully at me Follow Subject: eg: He suspiciously tasted the soup At the beginning or end: eg: Carefully he checks the suitcase He checks the suitcase carefully 3.2 Adv of time: trạng từ thời gian At the beginning or end of sentences: afterwards/ eventually/ lately/ now/ recently/ at once/ since then/ till/… eg: He will returns soon Today we will learn lesson two Always at the end: before*/ early/ immediately*/ late (Adv* as conjunctions at the beginning) eg: He went to the church immediately Immediately, he went to the church Follow verbs or “V + O”: yet/ still eg: He still lives in the suburb of the city Split: just eg: He has just left the house 3.3 Adv of place: 3.3.1 At the beginning or end: away/ everywhere/ nowhere/ somewhere/ here /there/ eg: Nowhere could we find him English is spoken everywhere 3.3.2 Administration: here/ there eg: He lives here/ She hasn’t gone there 3.4 Adv of frequency: 3.4.1 always/ continually/ frequently/ often/ once/ twice/ periodically/ repeatedly/ sometimes/ usually eg: She usually walks to school 3.4.2 Restricted (inversion): hardly ever/ never/ rarely/ scarcely ever/ seldom eg: Never will she eat this kind of food 3.5 Inversion cases: các trường hợp đảo ngữ hardly…ever hardly…when in no circumstances neither…nor never no sooner…than not only not till nowhere on no account only by only in this way only then/ when scarcely ever scarcely…when seldom/ so * Phó từ đảo lên đầu câu Trong tiếng Anh có trờng hợp phó từ không đứng vị trí bình th ờng nó mà đảo lên đứng đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động chủ ngữ (13) Trong trờng hợp đó ngữ pháp có thay đổi, đằng sau phó từ đứng đầu câu là trợ động từ đến chủ ngữ và động từ chÝnh (c«ng thøc sau) hardly/ rarely/ seldom/ never/ only… + auxiliary + subject + verb Eg Never have so many people been unemployed as today Phó từ trợ động từ chñ ng÷ động từ (so many people have never been unemployed as today.) Hardly had he fallen asleep when he began to dream of far-away lands Phã tõ tđt chủ ngữ động từ (He had hardly fallen asleep when he dream of far-away lands.) Rarely have we seen such an effective actor as he has proven Phã tõ trợ động từ chủ ngữ động từ (we have rarely seen such an effective actor as he has proven.) Seldom does the class let out early Phã tõ trợ động từ chñ ng÷ động từ Only by hard work will Phã tõ we be able to accomplish this great task trợ động từ chủ ngữ động từ (We will be able to accomplish this great task only by hard work.) * Một số các phó từ đặc biệt đứng đầu câu IN/ UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES : Dï hoµn c¶nh nµo còng kh«ng Eg In / under no circumstances should you lend him the money (dï bÊt cø trêng hîp nµo anh còng kh«ng nªn cho nã vay tiÒn.) ON NO ACCOUNT: Dï bÊt cø lý nµo còng kh«ng Eg On no account must this switch be toughed (dù với lý nào anh không đợc động vào ổ cắm này) SO + ADJ + AUXILIARY + S + V + THAT mà Eg So difficult did she get a job that she had to stay home for an year (Cô kiếm đợc việc làm cách khó khăn cô đã phải ngồi nhà năm trời) So sure of this were the owners that they provided lifeboats for only 950 of its possible 3,500 passengers (Những ngời chủ tàu đã quá tin tởng mà họ trang bị xuồng cứu đắm cho 950 số 3,500 hành khách mà tàu có thể tải đợc - chích bài đọc tàu Titanic) ONLY IN THIS WAY : ChØ cã b»ng c¸ch nµy Eg Only in this way could you solve the problem (Chỉ có cách này thì cậu giải đợc vấn đề hóc búa này.) NAGATIVE, , NOR + AUXILIARY + S + V ( mµ còng ch¼ng/ mµ còng kh«ng ) Eg He didn’t have any money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow ( Nó chẳng còn đồng nào mà nó chẳng biết mà nó có thể hỏi vay.) TIẾT 13 +14 Ngày soạn: PRACTICE EXERCISE – BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH / / Ngày giảng: / / Choose one word or phrase marked A,B,C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence He is interested dancing A at B in C by D of My mother is fed with doing the housework everyday A up B of C on D in Children enjoy cartoons A watch B watching C watched D to watch I am afraid of alone in dark A being left B left C to be interested D interest English people are in playing football A interested B interesting C to be interested D to be interesting John hasn’t got a job He has to live on benefit A employ B employing C unemployment D employment She’s proud of her A successful B success C succeed D succeeded Anna can’t get the job because there are too many for it A engineers B interviewers C applicants D workers There are many ways to learn English vocabulary A different B differences C differ D differing 10 Nam stopped two years ago A smoking B smoke C to smoke D smoked 11 A storm has swept a hundred of houses away A strong B heavy C hard D long 12 My child would rather read books than anything else (14) A doing B to C did 13 My friend doesn't like asking her mother money A to B in C for 14 Mrs Lan up being on a diet because it was not effective A gives B giving C to give 15 Anna has just graduated from university She wants to apply a suitable job A at B for C to 16 He is unemployment He gets some unemployment A salary B card C benefit 17 A long walk makes every body A tired B tiring C to tire 18 My teacher is a smoker He smokes 30 cigarettes a day A much B heavy C many 19 Her parents can't stand her at home all day A to see B see C seeing 20 I am tired watching the same program every day A in B on C with 21 While she , the phone rang A was cooking B cooked C cooking 22 My mother is used to a speaker A to be B being C have been 23 She doesn't have time to go shopping because she's too with her work A busy B bored C get up 24 His roof was broken by a wind two weeks ago A hard B big C strong 25 He has learned English for years, and she is good English now A by B at C for 26 They have grown roses here 1990 A for B since C during 27 You'll miss the train you don't hurry up A if B When C since 28 He is my brother But he looks younger than me A elder B older C old 29 It took me forty five minutes to to office everyday A getting B get C get 30 I don't mind living my own in a big city A with B by C at 31 If you hear the fire , leave the building quickly A alarm B caution C notice 32 She remembered the correct address only _she had posted the letter A since B afterwards C following 33 Children enjoy cartoon film A watch B watching C watched 34 I am afraid of alone in dark A being left B left C leaving 35 Over the past two years the _of living has risen considerably A charge B cost C rate 36 He told his father a long and _story to explain his lateness A inconceivable B incredulous C unimaginable 37 We need _information before we can decide A further B furthest C far 38 Women workers wear hats in _their hair gets caught in the machinery A course B case C occasion 39 There are many ways to learn English vocabulary A different B differences C differ 40 I don’t mind living my own in a big city A with B by C at 41 She was filling in the form A applicant B application C apply 42 It was to listen to the story A exciting B excited C excite 43 My brother and my sister have many D D with D gave D in D currency D tire D big D seen D of D cook D been D tired D much D in D in D unless D young D got D on D publicity D after D to watch D to leave D price D unconvincing D farther D event D differing D on D appliance D excitement (15) A different B difference C differ 44 It was to see my old friends again A surprised B surprise C surprisingly 45 Mr Brown gave a long about unemployment in Australia A lectures B lecturing C lectured 46 We had a discussion about the news A bore B boring C bored 47 She hates her mother for money A ask B asking C asked 48 My sister is bored washing the dishes A up B on C at 49 She doesn’t like cartoon film A to watch B watch C watching 50 During the trip to Ha Long, we a lot of photos A took B got C made TIẾT 15 + 16 + 17 Ngày soạn: / PHẦN IV D differences D surprising D lecture D boredom D to ask D with D watches D did - SENTENCE ELEMENTS / Ngày giảng: / / I SUBJECT (S): Definition: Gender to be the action doer or described or mentioned (là chủ thể hành động hay đối tượng miêu tả) Classification: a Subject pronouns: (đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ) First Person Second Person Third Person Singular form I You He, She, It Plural form We You They Eg He went abroad to study medicine They were killed in an accident b Nouns, or noun phrases: eg Love is a stage of feeling and can’t be recognized by senses Gain and loss go together c Gerunds: eg Fishing is his favourite pastime Getting good marks is not always difficult d Clauses: eg What we really wish is to be at the cinema All she can say is that he is a liar II COMPLEMENTS (C): Definition: Element to be described or mentioned usually follows the verb to be or link verbs (là thành tố hoàn thành câu, thường theo sau “to be” các link verbs) Classification: a Nouns, or noun phrases: eg She is a kind hearted lady They became the new employees b Gerunds: eg Her hobby is singing c Verbs: eg My dream is to become a teacher d Clauses: eg A full apology is what the boss wants now./ A smile is all he could and what he should Notes: Có loại bổ ngữ; bổ ngữ chủ ngữ (Cs) – She was exhausted – và bổ ngữ tân ngữ (Co) – The long walk made us exhausted III OBJECTS (O): Definition: Gender to be described or mentioned usually follows ordinary verbs to show the direct or indirect goals that the verbs aim at (là thành tố hoàn thành câu, thường theo sau động từ thường hướng hay đối tượng động từ) Classification: a Object pronouns: (đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ) First Person Second Person Third Person Singular form me you him, her, it Plural form us you them Eg We met him yesterday She made us a big cake b Nouns, or noun phrases: eg She gave me a blank look We sent endless letters to the manager c Gerunds: eg The man loved telling funny stories / She was interested in going shopping on Sundays (16) d Verbs: eg Jack wished to become an astronaut Kelvin loves to the crosswords e Clauses: eg We know how we should solve the problem She asked why we didn’t arrive on time Notes: Có loại bổ ngữ; bổ ngữ chủ ngữ (Cs) – She was exhausted – và bổ ngữ tân ngữ (Co) – The long walk made us exhausted a b c IV ADVERBIALS (A): Definition: Element to be used to denote the stages, manner, methods, or to indicate time, places, purposes, or others (được dùng để miêu tả trạng thái, cách thức, phương pháp, mức độ, hay dùng để thời gian, nơi chốn, mục đích,… hành động) Classification: Adverbs: eg We often go to work by bus She danced marvelously Adverbials: eg In the past, people used to live in a large family Clauses: eg When we came, they were fighting./ Billy tried hard in order that he could pass the exam V VERBS (V): Definition: To denote action, state, and be the most important part of sentences Classification: phân loại động từ 2.1 Auxiliary verbs: động từ trợ 2.1.1 Primary auxiliary verbs: be/ have/ (These verbs can either be auxiliaries or lexical verbs) 2.1.2 Modal verbs: can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ have to + base form/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ be going to + base form/ used to + base form/ ought to + base form/ (These are sometimes functional verbs) 2.2 Lexical verbs: động từ mang nghĩa 2.2.1 Intensive verbs: verbs that show the state (She feels tired/ He is selfish) 2.2.2 Extensive verbs: verbs that show the affection (He gets angry/ They are helpful) 2.2.3 Intransitive verbs: verbs that can function as verb phrases and make sentences meaningful without any complementation e.g She cried (noisily) It rains/ is raining (hard/ heavily/ cats and dogs) 2.2.4 Transitive verbs: verbs that need complementation e Mono-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by one object (S+V+O) e.g She bought flowers Ann met her fiance’ yesterday f Di-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by both direct and indirect objects (S+V+O+O) e.g She bought me some sweets (= She bought some sweets for me) They gave me a big cake (=They gave a big cake to me) g Complex transitive verbs: follow the form “S + V + O + Co” e.g He made me angry The female film star drove him mad Affixations: phụ tố để tạo động từ 3.1 en: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or lead to ) e.g danger…….to endanger wide…… to widen rich……… to enrich courage……to encourage length……to lengthen broad …… to broaden 3.2 ize/ ise: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or develop, or specify) e.g modern……to modernize industrial….to industrialize minimum….to minimize maximum….to maximize capital…… to capitalize natural…… to naturalize Sentence models: 4.1 S + V-intrans They laugh/ The wind is blowing 4.2 S + V-monotrans + O He did his homework/ Harley carried an umbrella 4.3 S + V-in/ extensive + Cs He became famous/ They are nearly exhausted 4.4 S + V-intrans + A He went abroad/ She arrives late 4.5 S + V-ditrans + O + O She buys me presents/ That brings my father success 4.6 S + V-complex trans + O + C The story made me bored/ You drive me mad 4.7 S + V-intrans + A + A/ others She went to school early/ He came to the park in the early morning TIẾT 18 + 19 Ngày soạn: PRACTICE EXERCISE - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH / / Ngày giảng: / / Choose one word or phrase marked A,B,C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence Whenever he has free time, he goes swimming Swimming is his pastime A favor B favorable C favored D favorite Children eating sweets A want B like C need D prefer (17) Young people hate , they prefer making questions A ask B asking C be asked D being asked Your sister will be ill if she doesn’t stop so much A to worry B worry C worried D worrying The word “fishing” in “Fishing is his favorite pastime” is a(n A noun B pronoun C gerund D adjective He loves lies, that’s why we call him “a liar” A telling B saying C speaking D talking The word “stopped” in “He stopped smoking years ago” can be replaced by A took up B came up C picked up D gave up She’s thirsty She’d like a cold drink A have B having C to have D to having She never gets up late She’s used to up early A get B getting C gets D got 10 One of those from Japan A students are B student are C students is D student is 11 Among those, I like the red one A more B best C better D much 12 We’ve got very milk left A little B a little C few D a few 13 He has been in hospital last Tuesday A for B when C from D since 14 I don’t really like An, but this time I’d like him A to meet B meet C met D meeting 15 The science classes at this difficult A schools are B school are C school is D schools is 16 Be quiet! I to listen to some important information A was trying B am trying C try D tried 17 The teacher made us hard for the final examination A learn B learning C to learn D learnt 18 Neither Bill nor Norris going to the play tonight A was B were C are D is 19 He used on time But this time he is terribly late A arriving B arrive C to arrive D to arriving 20 He found to live on his unemployment benefit A it B its C it’s D it is 21 My hobby is watching the whole city from the A sky-lift B skywalk C skydiver D skydiving 22 Kangaroos are merely found in A Asia B America C Australia D Austria 23 Opera, Jazz and Pop are sorts of A music B musical C musician D musicology 24 There are many thieves in the town Remember the door before you go out A lock B locking C to lock D locked 25 Jane has to live on her unemployment benefit She is now A out of work B out of order C out of date D out of office 26 Mt Everest is highest peak of Himalayas A a/ the B the/ a C the/ nothing D the/ the 27 Nothing in your room since you were sent to the hospital A have been moved B has been moved C have moved D has moved 28 Water plays a vital in developing agriculture A part B importance C vision D character 29 The weather in the South of Vietnam seems than in the North A more pleasant/ it B more pleasant/ that C pleasant/ the weather D more pleasant/ those 30 It’s more to use gas instead of electricity to warm up the house (18) A economy B economic C economical 31 Ha Long is a place is good for sightseeing A it B which C what 32 It is his return made her happy A which B this C that 33 He is 59 years old He next year A is going to retire B retires C retired 34.A dictionary is a book explains words A what B it C its 35 British Isles by speakers of Celtic language two thousand years ago A inhabited B are inhabited C were inhabited 36 He is from Tokyo He speaks A Japan B Tokyo C Japanese 37 He wore dark glasses so that nobody could him A recognize B recognition C recognized 38 Modern English is different old English A of B in C from 39 It is necessary to learn a foreign A tongue B story C country 40 He arrived in Singapore Monday evening A in B from C on 41 Unless we hurry, we’ll the bus A miss B remember C catch 42 I wish I here longer, but it’s time for me to go home A stay B can stay C will stay 43 We are going to watch “The English language” program will be on at p.m A it B what C which 44 It’s the flood sweeps away the house A that B this C these 45 English by about 700 million people around the world A is been spoken B is going to spoken C is spoken 46 Would you mind me your address? A telling B tell C to tell 47 I won’t write him after finishing this test A for B to C from 48 I like the work which is easy A doing B to C done 49 Chinese is the only language with more than English A speakers B persons C pupils 50 They are interested in practicing A France B Spain C English TIẾT 20 + 21 + 22 PHẦN V D economist D its D it D has retired D which D were inhabiting D Chinese D recognizable D on D language D at D get in D could stay D they D those D will spoken D told D A or B D for D many adults D Russia - TENSES – ÔN TẬP VỀ NGỮ PHÁP Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I The simple present tense: The form (+) S + V (-) S + don’t/ doesn’t + V (?) Do/ Does + S + V? The usage: - To denote actions that happened repeatedly (She never comes late) - To denote long lasting events.(We live in Concord street) - To denote a true fact (The earth moves around the Sun) The recognition: - now/ nowadays/ today/ this summer/… - always/ usually/ often/ sometimes/ occasionally/… - the proof of constant truth Notes: - To denote a plan/ prediction/ timetables/… (The train leaves at 9.00) - The division of “be”, “have”, “can, may, must”,… II The present progressive tense: (19) The form: (+) S + am/ are/ is + V-ING (-) S + am/ are/ is + not + V-ING (?) Am/ Are/ Is + S + V-ING? The usage: - To denote happening actions at the time of speaking (She is teaching Maths) - To denote the intention/ prediction/ plan/…(She is coming soon) The recognition: - now/ right now/ at present/ at this time/ at this moment/… - follow a command, request,… Notes: - The ING-forms ( getting, running, having, writing, dying, lying,…) - The omission of the verbs of awareness or sensation as: be/ see/ hear/ understand/ know/ like/ want/ glance/ feel/ think/ smell/ love/ hate/ realize/ seem/ remember/ forget/…( use the simple present instead ) III The present perfect tense: The form: (+) S + have/ has + P.P (P2) (-) S + haven’t/ hasn’t + P.P (P2) (?) Have/ Has + S + P.P (P2) The usage: - To denote actions that happened in the past but having results, relating, or still happening at present (We have lived here since 1990) - To denote actions that happened right before the time of speaking, using “just” (She has just come from New York) - To denote unfulfilled actions with “yet” (He hasn’t come yet) - To denote past actions; no certain time expression, using “already” (We have already seen that film) The recognition: - just = recently = lately - ever/ never (comments) - already/ yet/ since/ for/ so far/ until now/ up to now (present) Notes: - Past participles: (regular verbs adding “ed”./ irregular verbs “learn by heart”) - The differences between the present perfect and the simple past tense - The present perfect progressive is used to denote past actions “happening”, or “will happen The tense is often related to the verbs: live/ learn/ wait/ work/ study/… →“S + have/ has + been + V-ING” IV The simple past tense: The form: (pV = the past form of verbs) (+) S + pV (-) S + didn’t + V (?) Did + S + V? The usage: - To denote a finished past action (We went to the park together) - To report past events, past habits, or long lasting action in the past (She did all the work yesterday./ We used to sit next to each other.) The recognition: - last week/ month/ year/… - yesterday/ ago/ in 1969/ in the past/… Notes: - The past form of the verbs: ( regular “V-ED”/ irregular (2nd column in the irregular verbs list)) - “ED” pronunciation /id/; /t/; /d/ V The past progressive tense: The form: (+) S + was/ were + V-ING (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ING (?) Was/ Were + S + V-ING? The usage: - To denote past happening actions (She was watching T.V at 8.00 last night) - To denote past interrupting actions (She was watching T.V when I came) The recognition: - at 8.00 last night/ at that time/ at that moment/… - time clause with “when”, “while = as” Notes: - actions that alternatively happened, use the simple past only (When I heard a knock at the door, I came to open it When I opened the door, I saw my mum.)- this is a timed action VI The past perfect tense: The form: (+) S + had + P.P (P2) (-) S + had not (hadn’t) + P.P (P2) (?) Had + S + P.P (P2)? The usage: - To denote past finished actions that happened and finished before a certain point of time or another past event (the past of the past tense) e.g: She had sold all the baskets before 9.00 yesterday She had sold all the baskets when we came there yesterday The recognition: - when-clause/ after/ before/ already/ since/ for/… - The past perfect progressive “S + had been + V-ING” VII The simple future tense: The form: (+) S + will/ shall + V (-) S + will/ shall + V (?) Will/ Shall + S + V? - “shall” is restrictedly used only for I/We with the formal senses - The negative forms “will not = won’t”, “shall not = shan’t” The usage: - To denote future actions (They will build more hospitals) (20) - To denote future plan/ idea/ timetable/…(The car will start in-time) The recognition: - someday, tomorrow,…/ - next week/ month/ year/ Notes: “ shan’t” is not used in conditional sentences./ “ shall” is used as a suggestion/ invitation/… VIII Various forms of the future tenses: The future progressive tense: 1.1 The form: (+) S + will be + V-ING (-) S + won’t be + V-ING (?) Will + S + be + V-ING? 1.2 The usage: - To denote timetables/ intentions/ plans/… using “at” e.g: She will be watching T.V at 8.00 tonight./ We will be staying at REX hotel at 5.00 next Sunday’s morning - To show the future happening actions with “when” Eg She will be sitting at the gate when we come tomorrow The future perfect tense: 2.1 The form: (+) S + will have + P.P (P2) (-) S + won’t have + P.P (P2) (?) Will + S + have + P.P? 2.2 The usage: - To denote planned actions with “by”, “by the time”, “by then” e.g: She will have finished the course by the next Friday/ by then - To show a future schedule-finished action e.g: The bridge will have been used by the next Autumn Other forms: a The simple present tense: To denote a timetable, or a plan… e.g: A: When does he leave? B: He leaves tonight b The present progressive: To denote an intention e.g: A: When are you leaving? B: I am leaving this afternoon c The “be + going to inf” form: To denote an intention or a near future action, an arrangement e.g: She is going to celebrate her 34th birthday They are going to get married C THE SEQUENCES OF TENSES Main clause Simple present tense Simple past tense Present perfect tense Past perfect tense Main clause Present tenses Past tenses Future tenses TIẾT 23 + 24 Ngày soạn: - Subordinate clause simple present tense./ - present perfect tense present progressive tense./ - simple future tense “be going to V” form./ - simple past tense (certain point of past time) simple past tense./ - past progressive tense past perfect tense./ - “would + V” form “be going to + V” past form./ - simple present tense (showing the truth) Simple present tense Simple past tense D ADVERBIAL CLAUSES Adverbial clauses (of time) Present tenses When/ whenever/ as/ while/ before/ after/ as soon as/… Past tenses When/ while/ as/ till/ until/ just as/ since/… Present tenses No sooner than/ hardly…when/ as long as/… PRACTICE EXERCISE - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH / / Ngày giảng: / / Choose one word or phrase marked A,B,C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence It’s the pronunciation that causes me a lot of A difficult B difficulty C difficully D difficulties If you place a bowl of water in the sun, it will A evaporate B evaporated C evaporator D evaporation 350 million people speak English as their first language A approximaty B approximately C approximation D approximate “Gone with the wind” was by Mrs Margaret Mitchell A written B read C designed D drawn World population will continue to rise if we not try it A to increase B lower C to reduce D reducing (21) I did all the work my own A by B on C for Every Sunday my father spends three hours English A practice B to practice C practiced I have learned English for years, and I am good English now A in B for C by Hoa’s brother enjoys to ghost stories at night A telling and listening B tell and listen C listen 10 Mr Minh has known me he left Ha Noi national university A until B since C when 11 How is that hotel? A long B length C high 12 How much does this hat ? A pay B spend C fix 13 The exhibition place once a year A does B has C takes 14 Sundays, I often go fishing with my father A in B on C over 15 It is to drive without a driving license in Viet Nam A good B danger C dangerously 16 Would you like him ? A coming B to come C come 17 My mother can play a lot of instruments A music B musical C musician 18 The girl spoke with a accent A southern B southwards C south 19 What’s the of Viet Nam? A popular B populate C populous 20 The bus takes than the train A more long B the longest C longer 21 His father works much than he does A harder B hardly C hard 22 May I your book? A give B C lend 23 Ha Long is one of the most famous tourist in Viet Nam A attractions B attract C attracted 24 people are not always happy A wealth B wealthily C wealthy 25 My bike _ last week A were stolen B was stolen C are stolen 26 He says he’s been to restaurant in Viet Tri town A all B most C every 27 The ability to work well for long hours is his A length B width C height 28 It is the English pronunciation that a lot of difficulties to Vietnamese pupils A makes B causes C does 29 I had no difficulty to your English A listen B to listen C to listening 30 I her as soon as she entered the room A recognized B had recognized C could recognized 31 You should to your uncle fore being rude to him A forgive B apologize C excuse 32 The rocket went into round the moon A track B orbit C path 33 She took of the fine weather to a day’s work in her garden A chance B interest C advantage 34 Long speeches are really D at D practicing D at D to tell D during D height D cost D makes D for D dangerous D came D musically D southbound D population D long D more hardly D borrow D attracting D wealthiest D is stolen D many D strength D gets D listening D did recognized D regret D circle D charge (22) A bore B boring C bored D to bored 35 You shouldn’t him all the time A teased B tease C teases D teasing 36 We won’t have to import electricity if the solar energy is used A large B widely C widen D width 37 Mark Twain is the name of Samuel Longhorn Clemens A pen B new C career D writer 38 His friend him a lot in his career Without their suP.Port, he would not have been successful A told B encourage C taught D complained 39 He often tells me something about his village he was born and grew up A which B who C where D that 40 This is the man who me English A teach B teaches C are teaching D were teaching 41 He in love with her picture even before he met her A falls B has fallen C fell D had fallen 42 Hanoi is the city in he was born A where B which C that D who 43 This house is an old one was built long time ago A which B where C who D whose 44 Mark Twain’s last book was written in 1909, one year before his A died B dead C death D dying 45 His wife had great influence his books A in B at C for D on 46 James Watt was the of the steam engine A writer B inventor C engineer D worker 47 I live in a house has four rooms A which B where C in which D it 48 we can find new sources of energy, our life will come to an end A unless B when C if D B or C 49 The two books provide us an excellent picture of his era A about B with C for D to 50 Shakespeare Hamlet in 1600 and 1601 A writes B has written C wrote D had written TIẾT 25 + 26 Ngày soạn: PHẦN VI / / - ASPECTS OF SPEECH Ngày giảng: I- / / EMPHASIS: Kinds (Classification): 1.1 Pronunciation: using stresses and intonation e.g Are you free? Really? 1.2 Written forms (transformation): e.g She could hardly understand ~Hardly could she understand Styles: 2.1 Verbs: do/ does/ did + bare infinitives e.g He visited us yesterday ~ He did visit us yesterday Hoa loves romantic films ~ Hoa does love romantic films 2.2 Adjectives: It is/was + adjs + to infinitives e.g + Knowing your limitation is important ~ It’s important to know… + He found that learning English was difficult ~ He found that it was 2.3 Reflexive pronouns: myself/ yourself/ himself/ herself/ itself/ ourselves/ … (23) e.g She did it ~ She herself did it He thought that ~ He himself thought that 2.4 Emphasis case: It is/ was …that …(cleft sentences) e.g I hated him ~ It was him who I hated I need a replacement not others ~ It is a replacement, not others that I need 2.5 Inversion case: here/ restricted adverbs e.g He could never find out the truth ~ Never could he find out the truth We seldom eat snails ~ Seldom we eat snails II- QUANTITIERS: Single verbs agreements: 1.1 each/ every/ either/ neither + N(s)/ of N(s) + singular V e.g Each person has his own thought Neither of my children gets up late 1.2 each/ every + N(s)/ each/ every + N + singular V e.g Each day and each night passes without me missing her./ Each of the boys has his own books of photos 1.3 every/ some/ no + singular V(s) e.g Someone was sitting outside No-one knows him 1.4 plural forms but singular verbs: news/ physics/ economics/ politics/ linguistics/ genetics/ athletes/ mumps/ the United States/ the PhiliP.Pines/ Wales/… e.g The United States was shock by the bombing on September 11th The Philippines is a developing 1.5 uncountable nouns: furniture/ water/ traffic/ progress/ homework/ knowledge/… e.g Water is composed by Oxygen and Hydrogen At this time of day, traffic is very heavy 1.6 distance/ time/ money: e.g Five miles is a relatively far distance Fifty billion dongs is a big sum of money 1.7 titles of books/ articles/ stories: e.g “Tom and Jerry” is well-known all over the world “The seven dragon pearls” is a picture book 1.8 subjective clauses: e.g All that he needed was a full apology What I really like is an ice cream Plural verbs agreements: 2.1 combination “and”: e.g Tom and his friends were walking to school 2.2 “the + adj(s)” form: e.g The English are cool The rich are not always happy 2.3 collective nouns: e.g Cattle are driven to the field 2.4 some/ a few/ a lot of/ both/… e.g Some boys are resigned Various agreements: 3.1 Either or Neither + N1 nor + N2 + V Not only but also (but ….as well ) e.g Either Tom or his friends are coming Neither the Prime Minister nor his ministers have been injured 3.2 The number of + N(s) + singular V A number of + N(s) + plural V e.g The number of attendants is poor A number of visitors are killed 3.3 Pronoun1/ N1 + pre + pronoun2/ N2 + singular V e.g A pair of shoes is cheaper than a table Two pairs of shoes is much more expensive than a table 3.4 All/ some/ plenty / a lot singular N(s) + singular V Half/ most/ the rest/ lots + of + plural N(s) + plural V e.g A lot of money is lost All of them have been arrested III- GERUNDS: Formation: V-ING Functions: 2.1 Subject (S): Fishing is his hobby./ Getting into the city centre at this time of day isn’t easy 2.2 Complement (C): (of to be) Her passion is studying What we really want is escaping from this terrible place 2.3 Compound nouns: 2.3.1 Gerund-noun: fishing-rod cooking-apple driving license wrapping paper writing paper cooking oil 2.3.2 Non-gerund: fruit-picking sky-diving bush walking time- counting 2.4 Object (O): 2.4.1 Direct objects: Follow these certain verbs admit avoid appreciate begin consider postpone resume love (24) continue finish prefer delay keep miss deny mention practice enjoy mind quit escape like report recall hate resent suggest recollect risk resist 2.4.2 Verb preposition: approve of complain of end in hesitate about mean by return to think of look forward to… apologize for confess to give up insist on persist in result in take to believe in consist of get to keep on plan on safe from threaten with count on depend on forget about lead to put off succeed in worry about care for dream of go back to long for rely on think about object to 2.4.3 Adjective preposition: absorbed in accustomed to afraid of amused at skilled in (at) annoy at ashamed of aware of (in)capable of surprised at careful in careless of certain about clever at wrong in… content with delighted at different from embarrassed at excited about far from fond of fortunate in frightened of furious at given to good at grateful for happy in (at) slow in interested in keen on nice about proud of thankful for responsible for right in scared at (of) set on angry with pleased at sure of sorry for successful in (at) careful about sick of worried about tired of (from) upset at (un)conscious of 2.4.4 Idiom phrases: (phrases of words that have literal meanings) - can’t bear; can’t face; can’t stand; can’t help; feel like… - It’s no use / It’s (not) worth…/… 2.4.5 Adjectives: amusing hopeless comfortable lovely difficult Nice easy off great strange Pleasant useless/ wonderful 2.4.6 Noun preposition: choice of excuse for possibility of intention of reason for method for… 2.4.7 Complement of objects: Follow these below verbs call catch feel discover find leave hear get imagine keep notice send 2.5 Subjunctive subject “it” or noun phrases; - Find/ found + it + V-ING: He found the film annoying - When/ on /while / as + V-ING: When opening the case, he found his lost notebook While checking the case, we found banned drugs TIẾT 27 + 28 Ngày soạn: PHẦN VI / / watch… set stop - ASPECTS OF SPEECH Ngày giảng: IV- / / INFINITIVES: Classification: Full infinitive: With “to’ e.g He go to Paris to learn French Bare infinitive: Without “to’ e.g My parent didn’t let me what I really liked Perfect infinitive: Form “have past participles” e.g He was believed to have escaped from the prison Positions: 2.1 Follow the verbs below: agree arrange ask attempt begin mean need neglect care cease choose claim come plan prefer pretend continue decide deserve demand determine propose refuse start (25) desire hate learn expect fail fear forget strive tend help hesitate hope intend offer omit like long love manage prepare promise try want wish… 2.2 Follow the idiomatic phrases: make up one’s mind/ take care/ take the trouble/ make sure/… e.g They couldn’t make up their mind to go or not threaten Swear Seem 2.3 Follow the adjectives below: (un)able afraid amused annoyed anxious ashamed astonished boring careful certain content crazy curious dangerous delighted determined difficult distressed due eager easy hard fortunate free frightened furious good glad grateful happy hopeless horrified impatient safe sure lucky moved pleased (un)willing 2.4 Follow WH-words: what/ who/ whom/ which/ when/ where/ how e.g She didn’t know what to next We didn’t decided where to go interested (im)possible sorry usual worthy slow useless wonderful keen proud sufficient thankful wrong scared surprised (un)wise 2.5 Follow nouns pronouns of the verbs below: advise believe consider allow cause enable ask assume beg hate suspect challenge command compel observe trust encourag expect find order permit e forbid force get guess know teach tell imagine instruct intend invite think understand urge lead like love mean want prefer 2.6 To be demonstration, purposes, results: enough / save money/… e.g The house, to be demolished, is very old She has nothing to eat We haven’t got enough to have one each They saved money to go abroad 2.7 To form absolute phrases: To tell the truth; To cut a long short story;… e.g To tell the truth, she was a real liar 2.8 To form exclamation: e.g To think she met with such a death! Oh! To be young again! V- Wish persuade Tempt warn SPECIAL CASES: Either infinitives or gerunds: 1.1 stop: a stop + to infinitives (= stop this work to start the other work) e.g He stops to smoke (He stops his work and starts smoking) b stop + gerunds (= to give up a habit ) e.g He stops smoking (He no longer smokes) 1.2 try: a try + to infinitives (= manage successfully to do) e.g He tried to lift the case (He managed to lift the case and succeeded) b try + gerunds (= to experience) e.g He tried lifting the case (He wanted to know whether he could lift it) 1.3 remember: a remember + to infinitives (= to make oneself aware of a task) e.g He remembered to lock the door (He had to lock the door) b remember + gerunds (= to assure oneself a fulfilled task) e.g He remembered locking the door (He was sure that he had locked the door) 1.4 forget: a forget + to infinitives (= to miss a task) e.g Sam forgot to buy food (Sam didn’t buy food) b forget + gerunds (= the fulfilled task is forgotten) e.g Sam forgot buying food (He bought food but he didn’t remember) 1.5 regret: a regret + to infinitives (not want to this task) e.g Kim regretted to say the truth (He didn’t want to say the truth but he had to) b regret + gerunds ( the task is done unexpectedly) e.g Kim regretted saying the truth.(He said and he regretted what he’d done) Would: a conditional sentences: e.g If I were you, I would agree to come He would have passed if he had known the rules well (26) b past habits: e.g I would sing romantic songs when I was young She would cry when she was too sad Used to: past habit not happen at present e.g She used to walk to school Be (get) used to: a get used to (= be acquainted with) e.g She has got used to walking to office b be used to (be familiar to) e.g He was used to walking to office Would rather V1 than V2: 5.1 would rather (not) + V: e.g She’d rather go to the meeting We would rather not mention that case 5.2 would rather + O (not) + p V: e.g I’d rather him brought there some cakes She would rather her husband not joined the army Prefer gerunds/Ns to gerunds/Ns: 6.1 prefer + gerunds = like + gerunds/ infinitives:e.g She preferred walking to driving She liked walking/ to walk 6.2 would prefer + infinitives = would like + infinitives: e.g She’d prefer to walk She would like to walk Could/ may/ might: possibility/ maybe = perhaps 7.1 in conditional sentences: e.g If it rains, we may cancel the trip We might go to the park if it were Sunday today 7.2 uncertain speculation: e.g It could/ may/ might rain tomorrow It will possibly rain tomorrow 7.3 perhaps/ maybe: e.g Perhaps he won’t come Maybe it will rain tomorrow Should: 8.1 command; request; obligation: e.g You should study harder / She should bring along an umbrella 8.2 an expectation/ a wish: e.g My letter should arrive next week Speculations/ deduction: 9.1 could/ may/ might + have + P.P: Past possibility e.g It may have rained last night./ He might have gone 9.2 should have + P.P: Past unfulfilled actions e.g He should have done his homework 9.3 must have + P.P: Logical thought about past events e.g (She passed the exam) She must have studied hard TIẾT 29 + 30 PRACTICE EXERCISE – BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / Choose one word or phrase marked A,B,C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence Columbus America in 1492 A invented B found C discovered D saw A driver is a person who A drives a car B sells cars C has a car D makes cars A singer is a person who A composes music B writes songs C sings well D drives well Most of the in my school are under 30 years old A teachers B workers C artists D farmers Darwin, was an English physiologist, was born in 1809 and died in 1882 A which B that C who D where Is there anything I can for you ? A where B that C who D which Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn Twain’s best works A consider B considered C is considered D are considered He is working a taxi-driver A at B as C to D in A person who spends his/her whole life writing books is a A writer B teacher C singer D worker 10 G Washington, was the first president of the USA, was born in 1732 and died in 1799 A that B who C where D which 11 He dropped the vase and it broke pieces A into B down C off D in 12 When we travel in the streets, pay attention to traffic A sighs B sights C scenes D signs 13 I am on a diet I want to A over weighted B lose weight C gain weight D get fatter 14 Faraday is the great of all time A scientific B scientism C scientist D science 15 Mathematics an important part in our lives A lets B plays C applies D lays (27) 16 The driver stopped a coffee because he felt sleepy A have B to have C having D had 17 Have you ever considered a pharmacist ? A to become B become C became D becoming 18 I would rather at home than out with him A stay/ go B staying/going C stayed/went D to stay/to go 19 She suggested a break for a while A took B take C taking D taken 20 It is likely that everybody at the age of 45 A retires B retired C are retiring D will retire 21 the water clock, Newton also made a sundial A On B After C Besides D Before 22 M Curie, _ discovered radium, was a famous French physicist A whom B who C that D whose 23 Newton’s first physical experiment was _ out in 1658 A carried B made C taken D done 24 Jane Eyre, which by Charlotte Bronte, is one of my favorite novels A wrote B written C was written D writes 25 the _ of the steam engine made J Watt famous throughout the world A invent B inventive C invention D inventor 26 M Faraday didn’t have much when he was young A school B scholar C schooled D schooling 27 A person who studies biology is a A scientist B physicist C biologist D mathematician 28 Einstein, _ study of the theory of relativity made him famous, was a German physicist A whose B whom C who D by whom 29 Most of the experiments are carried out in A schools B libraries C factories D laboratories 30 He was very good _ mathematics when he was at school A on B of C at D for 31 The steam engine was _ by J Watt A discovered B invented C cured D made 32 When he grew older, he became _ in mathematics and physics A interested B interest C interesting D interests 33 That’s the house uncle Ho was born A which B where C of which D that 34 Darwin was the father of the theory of _ A relativity B gravitation C evolution D electricity 35 When , Newton was more of a mechanic than a scholar A he was young B was young C be young D he is young 36 He was not interested in physics _ he grew older A when B and C even D until 37 He died the age of 85 A for B at C in D about 38 Faraday’s father worked very _, but he could feed the family A hard/ hard B hardly/ hard C hard/ hardly D hardly/ hardly 39 It was Professor H Davy’s lectures _ helped Faraday a lot in his later discoveries A that B which C who D whose 40 Scientists and doctors haven’t found the for AIDS A curable B curability C cure D curing 41 Gravity is the force of the earth to everything towards its center A attractive B attract C attraction D distract 42 He’ll go with us it rains A if B when C as long as D unless 43 We could visit Mercury – an outer space planet - in a A spaceship B ship C plane D train 44 Mercury can be seen after sunrise soon after sunset A neither /nor B either /or C not only /but also D none of A, B and C 45 You won’t pass your driving test unless you drive more (28) A carelessly B dangerously C A or B 46 The sea lever will rise if the ice on the poles to melt A began B begin C start 47 A journey which takes place every month is a journey A daily B weekly C monthly 48 you phone me when you come to England? A Do B Have C Will 49 Liverpool won’t win unless they begin better A playing B played C having played 50 Life will be destroyed all our sources end A as long as B unless C if TIẾT 31 + 32 Ngày soạn: PHẦN VII / D carefully D begins D yearly D Would D play D whether – PHRASES VS CLAUSES / Ngày giảng: / / A SUBORDINATE CLAUSES The implication: Lèi nãi bao hµm- Lµ lèi nãi kÕt hîp ý c©u l¹i lµm mét th«ng qua mét thµnh ng÷ a Not only but also (không mà còn) Các thành phần sau thành ngữ này phải tơng đơng với mÆt ng÷ ph¸p, tøc lµ danh - danh, tÝnh tõ - tÝnh tõ not only _, but also = not only , but _ as well Hoặc: Subject + not only + verb + but also + verb Lu ý: Thông thờng thành phần sau but also định thành phần sau not only Eg He is not only handsome but also talented./ Beth plays not only the guitar but also the violin tÝnh tõ tÝnh tõ Danh tõ danh tõ He writes not only correctly but also neatly./ Maria excels not only in mathematics but also in science Adv adv Ng÷ giíi tõ ng÷ giíi tõ Paul Anka not only plays the piano but also composes music §éng tõ động từ b As well as (cũng nh, nh là) Các thành phần đằng trớc và đằng sau thành ngữ này phải tơng đơng với vÒ mÆt tõ lo¹i theo c«ng thøc díi ®©y: subject + verb + as well as + verb Eg Robert is talented as well as handsome./ Beth plays the guitar as well as the violin TÝnh tõ tÝnh tõ ®anh tõ danh tõ He writes correctly as well as neatly / Marta excels in mathematics as well as in science phã tõ phã tõ Ng÷ giíi tõ ng÷ giíi tõ Paul Anka plays the piano as well as composes music động từ động từ Lu ý: Không đợc nhầm lẫn thành ngữ này với as well as tợng đồng chủ ngữ mang nghĩa cùng với Nó cùng với các thành phần đằng sau nó để tạo thành cụm từ, tách khỏi mệnh đề chính dấu phẩy và không ảnh hởng gì đến việc chia động từ Eg The teacher, as well as her students, is going to the concert My cousins, as well as Tim, have a test tomorrow c Both and ( c¶ lÉn ) C«ng thøc nµy dïng gièng hÖt nh trêng hîp Not only but also Lu ý: Both đợc dùng với and không đợc dùng với as well as Eg Robert is both talented and handsome./ Beth plays both the guitar and the violin TÝnh tõ tÝnh tõ ®anh tõ danh tõ He writes both correctly and neatly./ Marta excels both in mathematics and in science phã tõ phã tõ Ng÷ giíi tõ ng÷ giíi tõ Paul Anka both plays the piano and composes music động từ động từ The norminal clause: Mệnh đề danh từ (tương ứng danh từ, có thể làm S, C, O câu) a That – clauses: Theo sau các động từ có ngụ ý giải thích với that, có thể đảo lên đầu câu làm chủ ngữ Eg The reason she left was that she dissatisfied with her work = That she dissatisfied with her work was the reason she left b Wh – clauses: Đây là hình thái mệnh đề danh từ khá phổ biến, thường theo sau các ngoại động từ, ngoại động từ đa, đặc biệt cấu trúc câu gián tiếp Eg He didn’t know what to first They told them how to deal with the problem Ha asked where he was going She wanted to know what time the next train arrived c Whether/ if – clauses: Dùng với cấu trúc câu hỏi nghi vấn câu gián tiếp Eg She asked if I could answer the phone They wanted to know whether the train was any late B PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE (29) The phrases of purpose: to V/ so as to V/ in order to V và dạng phủ định S + verb + to/ so as/ in order (not) + to verb = To/ so as/ in order (not) + to verb, S + verb Eg To be better at English, he attended an evening class = He attended an evening class to be better at English In order to be better at English, he attended an extra-class He attended an extra-class so as to be better at English The clause of purpose with “so/ therefore” Các mệnh đề mục đích đợc cùng với liên từ so that Sau so that là mệnh đề kết gồm chủ ngữ và động từ Thời gian mệnh đề kết phải tơng lai mối quan hệ với thời gian mệnh đề mục đích S + V, so S + V hay S + V, therefore S + V Eg It rained so heavily, so we cancelled the trip He learned hard, therefore he got better and better grades C PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION Mệnh đề nhợng bộ: Là loại mệnh đề diễn đạt ý trái ngợc cùng câu thông qua số thành ngữ Phrases of concession with: despite / in spite of (mÆc dï) Đằng sau thành ngữ này đợc phép sử dụng ngữ danh từ, không đợc sử dụng câu hoàn chỉnh Despite/ In spite of + danh từ/ ngữ danh từ Eg Despite his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman In spite of his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman Jane will be admitted to the university despite her bad grades Jane will be admitted to the university in spite of her bad grades Clauses of concession with: although, even though, though Đằng sau thành ngữ này phải dùng câu hoàn chỉnh không đợc dùng ngữ danh từ Although/ Though/ Even though S + V, S + V = S + V although/ though/ even though S + V Eg Although he has a physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman Jane will be admitted to the university even though she has a bad grades Lu ý: Nếu though đứng cuối câu, tách khỏi câu dấu phẩy Khi nói dừng lại chút, lúc đó nó t ơng đơng víi nghÜa “ nhiªn” (however) Eg He promised to call me, but till now I haven’t received any call from him, though Mét sè thÝ dô bæ trî: In spite of the bad weather, we are going to have a picnic The child ate the cookie even though his mother had told him not to Although the weather was very bad, we had a picnic The committee voted to ratify the amendment despite the objections Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep She attended the class although she did not feel alert Clauses of concession with: despite/ in spite of the fact that Despite/ In spite of + the fact that S + V S + V =S + V despite/ in spite of + the fact that S + V Mét sè thÝ dô bæ trî: In spite of the fact that the weather is bad, we are going to have a picnic The child ate the cookie despite the fact that his mother had told him not to TIẾT 33 + 34 Ngày soạn: PHẦN VII / – PHRASES VS CLAUSES / Ngày giảng: / / D CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Conditional sentences type (real condition) – Câu điều kiện có thực: Kết có thể thực tương lai điều kiện ứng nghiệm (xảy ra) If + S + simple present + S + will/shall/ can/ may + [verb in simple form] If I have the money, I will buy a new car If you try more, you will improve your English We will have plenty of time to finish the project before dinner if it is only ten o’clock now If + S + simple present tense + S + + simple present tense Mẫu câu này còn đợc dùng để diễn tả thói quen Ví dụ: If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients in the hospital in the afternoon (không có động từ khuyÕt thiÕu.) John usually walks to school if he has enough time If + S+ simple present tense + command form* * Nên nhớ mệnh lệnh thức dạng đơn giản động từ ( simple form) Mẫu câu trên có nghĩa là nhờ ai, lệnh cho lµm g× Eg If you go to the Post Office, please mail this letter for me Please call me if you hear from Jane Eg (30) Conditional sentences type (unreal present condition) – Câu điều kiện không có thực tại: Kết không thể thực tương lai điều kiện là giả định (không thể xảy ra) If + S + simple past + S+ would/should/ could/ might + verb in simple form Eg If I had enough money now, I would buy this house ( but now I don’t have enough money.) If I had the time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend (but I don’t have the time.) ( I’m not going to the beach with you.) He would tell you about it if he were here ( he won’t tell you about it.) ( He is not here) If he didn’t speak so quickly, you could understand him (He speaks very quickly.) (You can’t understand him.) Lu ý: §éng tõ to be sau if ë mÉu c©u nµy ph¶i chia lµm were ë tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i I they were Eg If I were you, I wouldn’t such a thing (but I’m not you.) Conditional sentences type (unreal past condition) – Câu điều kiện không có thực quá khứ: Kết không thể thực quá khứ điều kiện là giả định (không thể xảy ra) If + S + pastperfect + S + would/should/ could / might + have + P2 Eg If we hadn’t lost the way we could have been here in time (but in fact we lost the way, so we were late.) If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter (We didn’t know that you were there.) ( we didn’t write you a letter.) She would have sold the house if she had found the right buyer (She didn’t sell the house.) (She didn’t find the right buyer.) If we hadn’t lost the way, we would have arrived sooner (We lost our way.) (we didn’t arrive early.) Câu điều kiện không phải lúc nào tuân theo đúng công thức trên, số trờng hợp vế câu điều kiện quá khứ còn vế lại thời gian mệnh đề quy định Eg If she had caught the flight she would be here by now Lu ý: Trong số trờng hợp câu điều kiện không thể thực đợc thời quá khứ, ngời ta bỏ if và đảo had lên ®Çu c©u nhng ý nghÜa vÉn gi÷ nguyªn Had + S + [verb in past participle ] Had we known you were there, we would have written you a letter Had she found the right buyer, she would have sold the house Hadn’t we lost the way, we would have arrived sooner Special uses of “if” clauses – Một số cách sử dụng mệnh đề “If” Thờng động từ này không đợc dùng đằng sau if nhng đợc dùng nó mang ý nghĩa sau: If you will /would Thờng đợc dùng các yêu cầu lịch ( Would lịch hơn) Eg If you would wait a moment, I will see if Mr John is here (NÕu c« vui lßng chê mét chót, t«i sÏ xem liÖu «ng John cã ë ®©y kh«ng.) I would be very grateful if you will/ would make an arrangement for me If you could + verb in simple form Nếu ông vui lòng - Ngòi nói cho ngời đồng ý nh lẽ tất nhiên Eg If you could fill in this form If you could open your books If + S + will / would Nếu chịu - Diễn đạt ý tự nguyện Eg If he will (would) listen to me, I can help him NÕu nã chÞu nghe theo lêi t«i th× t«i cã thÓ gióp nã If + S + will DiÔn t¶ sù ngoan cè Eg If you will learn English this way, a failure for TOFEL test is sure awaiting you Eg Nếu cậu mà học tiếng Anh theo cách này thì trợt kỳ thi TOFEL chắn chờ đón cậu If + S +should Diễn đạt hành động dù có thể đợc song khả ít và nói ngời nói không tin là việc lại có thể xảy Eg If you shouldn’t know how to use this TV set, please call me up this number NÕu anh kh«ng biÕt c¸ch sö dông chiÕc tivi nµy, h·y gäi ®iÖn cho t«i sè m¸y nµy (Nãi vËy nhng ngêi nãi kh«ng cho là lại không biết sử dụng tivi đó.) If you should have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me (Ngời thầy không cho cậu học sinh lại không làm đợc bài tập đó - vì chúng dễ cậu học trò rÊt th«ng minh) - Trong số trờng hợp ngời ta bỏ if và đảo should lên đầu câu mà ngữ nghĩa không thay đổi Eg Should you have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me Should it be cloudy and gray, the groundhog will suP.Posedly wander around for food - a sign that spring is near Nếu trời có nhiều mây và bầu trời xám xịt thì ngời ta cho là sóc đất lang thang kiếm ăn - đó là dấu hiệu mùa Xuân tới gần Thực ra, sử dụng cấu trúc này thì tác giả cho sóc đất chui th× rÊt hiÕm trêi l¹i cã nhiÒu m©y vµ bÇu trêi l¹i x¸m l¹i - cã thÓ lµ kÕt qu¶ thèng kª Special conditions: even if + nagative verb (cho dï ) (31) You must go tomorrow even if you aren’t ready Whether or not + positive verb (dï cã hay kh«ng) He likes watching TV whether or not the show is god unless + positive verb = if not (trõ phi, nÕu kh«ng) If you don’t start at once, you will be late = You will be late unless you start at once But for that + unreal condition (nÕu kh«ng th× ) Her father pays her fees, but for that she wouldn’t be here ( but she is here) present ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thùc ë hiÖn t¹i My car broke down, but for that I could have come in time qu¸ khø ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thùc ë qu¸ khø otherwise + conditional sentence kÎo, nÕu kh«ng th× - Điều kiện có thể thực đợc We must be back before midnight, otherwise I will be locked out - Điều kiện không thực đợc Her father pays her fees, otherwise she couldn’t be here present ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thùc ë hiÖn t¹i I used a computer, otherwise it would have taken longer qu¸ khø ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thùc ë qu¸ khø Nhận xét Trong tiếng Anh hàng ngày, ngời ta dùng or else để thay cho otherwise Provided/ providing (that) (víi ®iÒu kiÖn lµ, miÔn lµ ) You can camp here provided (that) you leave no mess Suppose/ supposing ? = what if ? (gi¶ sö v× sao, nÕu v× sao) SuP.Pose the plane is late? = what will happen if the plane is late? - Từ nối này còn đợc sử dụng để đem lời gợi ý SuP.Pose you ask him = why don’t you ask him? What if I’m- tao thÕ th× nµo ®a sù th¸ch thøc Hy väng lµ If only + simple present / will V = hope that s will v If only he comes in time (hy vọng anh đến đúng giờ) If only he will head your advice Gi¸ mµ - tr¸i víi thùc tÕ If only + simple past/ past perfect = wish that If only he didn’t smoke (but he doesn’t) If only she had come in time (but she didn’t) if only + would verb - íc sao, mong dùng để diễn đạt ớc muốn If only he would drive more slowly (but he drive so fast) hoÆc mét íc muèn v« väng ë t¬ng lai If only it would stop raining Mong trời đừng ma - nhng thực tế thì trời ma to Mixed conditions: Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp đạc biệt a For a true action: Với khả thực tế, câu mệnh lệnh Eg If she comes, call me (= Maybe she is coming or she has promised to come) If the weather stays fine, we can arrive on time (= The weather is now fine and there’s no sign of the bad changes) b For a suggestion: Với lời đề nghị, khuyên răn Eg If she comes, you should call me (= I suggest calling me when she comes) You’d better cancel the project if it is possible (= It’s best for you to cancel the project) c For a present subjunction but past unfulfilled result Với giả định mà kết không thể xảy quá khứ Điều giả định này luôn đúng Eg If I were you, I would have agreed with him yesterday (The action hadn’t been done in the past but the subjunction is at present Mãi mãi tôi không thể là cậu được, đây là thực tế nên không cần chuyển điều kiện quá khứ hoàn thành) c For a past subjunction but present unfulfilled result Với giả định quá khứ mà kết không thể xảy tai Điều giả định này coi là quá khứ quá khứ, kết là phi lý Eg If I had been there last time, I would agree to lend him the money (The action hasn’t been done up to now, this is only my regret Sự tiếc nuối tôi nghe bạn thuật lại vụ việc giả định tôi rơi vào hoàn cảnh quá khứ, kết này đã không xảy trước đó) TIẾT 35 + 36 Ngày soạn: PHẦN VII / Because/ because of / – PHRASES VS CLAUSES Ngày giảng: / / E PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON (32) - Because ( không có of) đòi hỏi đằng sau nó là câu hoàn chỉnh (phải có chủ ngữ và động t ừ) Because S + V, S+ V = S + V because S + V - Because of đòi hỏi đằng sau nó là danh từ ngữ danh từ ( không đợc phép có động từ liên hợp) because of + danh tõ ( hoÆc côm danh tõ) Lu ý: Because of cã thÓ thay thÕ cho thµnh ng÷ due to Jan was worried because it had started to rain = Jan was worried because of the rain Subject verb noun The students arrived late because there was a traffic jam verb subject The students arrived late because of the traffic jam noun phrase We have to cut down on our driving because there is an oil shortage verb subject We have to cut down on our driving because of the oil shortage noun phrase §éng tõ g©y nguyªn nh©n Động từ gây nguyên nhân đ ợc sử dụng để ng ời gây cho ngời thứ hai làm việc gì đó cho ng ời thứ Một ngời có thể gây cho đó phải làm cái gì đó cho cho chị ta qua việc chi trả tiền, yêu cầu, c ỡng ép ngời đó Các động từ gây nguyên nhân là: have, get, make a have/ get / make Mệnh đề theo sau have get có thể dạng chủ động bị động (Sai ai, khiến ai, bảo làm gì) to have sb st = to get sb to st Mary had John wash the car (John washed the car) Mary got John to wash the car (John washed the car.) to have / get st done = (®a c¸i g× ®i lµm ) - Bản thân mình không làm đợc nên nhờ ngời khác làm Eg Mary got the car washed (The car was wash by somebody.) Mary had the car washed (The car was wash by somebody.) I have the laundry washed (the laundry is washed by someone) to want / like something done Mẫu câu hỏi động từ này là: - What you want done to Anh muèn lµm g× víi Eg - What you want done to your motorbike? - I’d like it repaired and cleaned hoÆc I want it repaired and cleaned ( buéc ph¶i lµm g×.) to make sb st = to force sb to st Eg The robber forced the teller to give him the money.= The robber made the teller give him the money Động từ to make vả to cause còn đợc dùng theo mẫu sau: (lµm cho ai, c¸i g× bÞ lµm sao) to make sb st = to cause st +P2 Eg Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday The hurricane caused many water front houses damaged b Đằng sau động từ to make còn có thể dùng tính từ to make sb / st + adjective Eg Wearing flowers made her more beautiful Đi theo hớng này thì động từ to find có thể dùng theo công thức: to find + sb/ sth + adjective (P1- P2) Nếu là phân từ mang tính chủ động còn phân từ mang tính bị động Eg I found her quite interesting to talk to My sister found snakes frightening - rắn đáng sợ We found the boy frightened - b¶n th©n th»ng bÐ sî c Let Let thờng đợc bổ sung và danh sách các động từ gây nguyên nhân các sách ngữ pháp Nhng thực chất thì nó không phải là động từ gây nguyên nhân Nó nghĩa là allow hay permit Ta hãy lu ý khác mặt ngữ pháp sö dông to let vµ to allow hay permit let sb st = to allow/ permit sb to st = cho phép ai, để làm gì Eg John let his daughter swim with her friends (John allowed his daughter to swim with her friends.) (John permitted his daughter to swim with her friends.) The teacher let the students leave class early./ The policeman let the suspect make one phone call Dr Jones is letting the students hand in the papers on Monday Mrs Binion let her son spend the night with a friend./ We are going to let her write the letter Mr Brown always lets his children watch cartoons on Saturday mornings d Help Help thực chất không phải là động từ gây nguyên nhân, nhng nói chung đợc xem xét cùng với các động từ gây nguyên nhân các sách ngữ pháp Nó thờng với động từ dạng simple form (tức là động từ nguyên thể bỏ to), nhng có thể với động từ nguyên thể số trờng hợp (33) Eg Eg to help sb do/ to st - gièng vÒ nghÜa = gióp lµm g× Eg John helped Mary wash the dishes Jorge helped the old woman with the packages (to) find a taxi The teacher helped Carolina find the research materials - Nếu tân ngữ sau help là đại từ vô nhân xng mang nghĩa ngời ta thì ngời ta bỏ và và bỏ luôn to động từ đằng sau This wonderful drug helps (people to) recover more quickly - Nếu tân ngữ help và tân ngữ thứ động từ đằng sau trùng hợp thì ng ời ta bỏ tân ngữ sau help và bỏ luôn to động từ đằng sau The body fat of the bear will help (him to) keep him alive during hibernation F SUBJUNCTIVE CLAUSES The use of “as if/ as though”(Có nghĩa là : dờng nh là, nh thể là) Mệnh đề đằng sau thành ngữ này thờng hay dạng điều kiện không thể thực đợc và chia làm thời: a The present sense: Nếu động từ mệnh đề trớc chia simple present thì động từ mệnh đề sau phải chia simple past, động từ to be phải chia là were tất các ngôi S + verb (simple present) + as if/ as though + S + verb (simple past) Eg The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer (It is not winter.) HiÖn t¹i qu¸ khø Angelique walks as though she studied modelling (She didn’t study modelling) HiÖn t¹i qu¸ khø He acts as though he were rich (He is not rich) HiÖn t¹i qu¸ khø b The past sense: Nếu động từ mệnh đề trớc chia simple past thì động từ mệnh đề phải chia past perfect S + verb (simple past) + as if/ as though + S + verb (past perfect) Eg Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize (She didn’t win the grand prize.) Past simple past perfect Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost (She didn’t see a ghost.) Past simple past perfect He looked as though he had run ten miles (He didn’t run ten miles.) Past simple past perfect Cả dạng chia đó sau as if diễn đạt điều kiện không thể thực đợc Lu ý: Trong số trờng hợp điều kiện là có thật thì công thức trên không đợc tuân theo Động từ lại trở dạng b×nh thêng theo diÔn biÕn cña c©u Eg He looks as if he has finish the test The use of with and hope: Hai động từ này đồng nghĩa nhng khác mặt ngữ pháp + Đằng sau động từ to hope là câu diễn biến bình thờng Eg I hope that they will come ( I don’t know if they are coming.) ( T«i hy väng lµ hä sÏ tíi.) We hope that they came yesterday ( We don’t know if they came.) + Nhng động từ to wish lại đòi hỏi đằng sau nó phải là điều kiện không thể thực đợc Điều kiện này chia làm thêi a The future sense: Động từ mệnh đề sau phải là Would / could + verb were + Ving S+ wish + (that) + S* + could/ would/ were + verb/ V-ing Subject* : có thể là cùng khác chủ ngữ với chủ ngữ mệnh đề chính Eg We wish that you could come to the party tonight (You can’t come.) I wish that you would stop saying that (You probably won’t stop.) She wish that she were coming with us ( She is not coming with us.) b The present sense: Động từ mệnh đề chia simple past Động từ to be phải chia làm were tất các ngôi S + wish + (that) + S* + verb in simple past Eg I wish that I had enough time to finish my homework ( I don’t have enough time.) We wish that he were old enough to come with us ( He is not old enough.) They wish that they didn’t have to go to class today ( They have to go to class.) c The past sense: Động từ mệnh đề sau phải chia Past perfect Could have + P2 S + wish + (that) + S + past perfect/ could have + P2 Eg I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday ( I didn’t wash the clothes yesterday.) She wish that she could have been there ( She couldn’t be there.) We wish that we had had more time last night ( We didn’t have more time.) Lu ý: Động từ wish có thể ảnh hởng đến mệnh đề đằng sau nó cách buộc mệnh đề đó phải điều kiện không thể thực đợc Nhng điều kiện đó thời nào lại thời gian mệnh đề đó định không phụ thuộc vào thời động từ to wish Eg He wished that he could come to the party next week Qu¸ khø §iÒu kiÖn ë t¬ng lai T¬ng lai The photographer wished that we stood closer together than we are standing now Qu¸ khø ®iÒu kiÖn ë hiÖn t¹i hiÖn t¹i (34) - Ph¶i ph©n biÖt víi to wish ë d¹ng c©u nµy víi nghÜa íc g×, mong g× víi to wish mÉu c©u sau: to wish somebody something Eg I wish you a happy birthday Ba động từ đặc biệt - Đó là động từ mà nghĩa chúng biến đổi động từ đằng sau tân ngữ nó lµ mét nguyªn thÓ bá to hay verbing hear to watch somebody something = Hành động trọn vẹn từ đầu tới cuối see hear to watch somebody doing something = Hành động có tính thời, không trọn vẹn see eg I didn’t hear the telephone ring I didn’t hear the telephone ringing I see her sing./ I see her singing Câu giả định đặc biệt với các động, tính, danh từ: a §éng tõ Lµ lo¹i c©u mµ ngêi thø nhÊt muèn ngêi thø lµm mét viÖc g× cho m×nh, nhng lµm hay kh«ng còn tuỳ thuộc vào phía ngời thứ Bảng số động từ bắt buộc động từ sau nó phải dạng giả định advise demand prefer require ask insist propose stipulate command move recommend suggest decree Order request urge - Trong câu định phải có that - Động từ sau chủ ngữ dạng nguyên thể bỏ to S1 + verb + that + S 2+ [verb in simple form] Eg We urge that he leave now Nếu bỏ that chủ ngữ trở thành tân ngữ, động từ trở dạng nguyên thể có to, câu ý nghĩa giả định và trở thành câu bình thờng Eg We urge him to leave now Lu ý : Trong tiếng Anh ngời Anh (British English), trớc động từ nguyên thể bỏ to có should Nhng tiếng Anh cña ngêi Mü (American English) ngêi ta bá nã ®i Mét sè vÝ dô: The judge insisted that the jury return a verdict immediately The university requires that all its students take this course The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking./ Congress has decreed that the gasoline tax be abolished We proposed that he take a vacation./ I move that we adjourn until this afternoon b Câu giả định dùng với tính từ: Các tính từ dùng câu giả định gồm các tính từ bảng dới đây advised necessary recommended urgent important obligatory required imperative mandatory proposed suggested Trong công thức sau, adjective định các tính từ có bảng trên It + be + adjective + that + S + [verb in simple form ] ( any tense) Mét sè vÝ dô: It is necessary that he find the books It was urgent that she leave at once./ It has been proposed that we change the topic It is important that you remember this question./ It has been suggested that he forget the election It was recommended that we wait for the authorities c Câu giả định dùng với danh từ: Trong số trờng hợp có thể dùng danh từ tơng ứng với các tính từ trên theo c«ng thøc sau It + be + noun + that + S + [verb in simple form ] ( any tense) Eg It is a recommendation from a doctor that the patient stop smoking d Dùng với số trờng hợp khác: Câu giả định còn dùng đợc số câu cảm thán, thờng bao hàm các lực siªu nhiªn Eg God save the queen ! Chóa phï hé cho n÷ hoµng God be with you ! = good bye (khi chia tay nhau) Curse this frog !: chÕt tiÖt cãc nµy - Dïng víi mét sè thµnh ng÷: Come what may: dï cã chuyÖn g× ®i n÷a Eg Come what may we will stand by you If need be : nÕu cÇn Eg If need be we can take another road - Dùng với if this be trờng hợp muốn nêu giả định từ phía ngời nói nhng không thật chắn khả n¨ng Eg If this be proven right, you would be considered innocent e Câu giả định dùng với it is time It is time (for sb) to st : đã đến lúc phải làm gì (thời gian vừa vặn, không đa giả định) Eg It is time for me to get to the airport (just in time) Nhng: It is time It is high time subject + simple past (đã đến lúc – giả định thời gian đến trễ chút) (35) It is about time Nhận xét: High/ about đợc dựng trớc time để thêm vào ý nhấn mạnh Eg It’s high time I left for the airport (it is a little bit late) G PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT Phrase of result: Thường dùng với “TOO”/ “ENOUGH” theo cấu trúc sau: S + be (look/ seem/ get/ become/…) + too ADJ (for O) + to V S + V + too ADV (for O) + to V Eg He is too short to play football./ He ran too slowly to become the winner of the race Lưu ý: “TOO” mang hàm ý phủ định “quá…không thể’ “ENOUGH” lại có nghĩa “đủ…để” S + be + ADJ enough (for O) + to V hay S + V + ADV enough (for O) + to V Eg She ín’t old enough to drive a car / He spoke English well enough to be an enterpreter Clause of result: S + verb + so that / in order that + S + verb Lu ý: MÆc dï v¨n nãi cã thÓ chÊp nhËn kh«ng cã that nhng v¨n viÕt buéc ph¶i cã that He studied very hard so that he could pass the test (nó đã học chăm để có thể qua đợc kỳ thi) She is sending the package early so that it will arrive in time for her sister’s birthday Damien is practicing the guitar so that he can play for the dance I am learning German so that I will be able to speak it when I go to Austria next summer Susan drove to Miami instead of flying so that she could save money Will you let me know about the party so that I can make plans to attend? Cause and effect: Những cấu trúc sau đây đợc sử dụng để mối quan hệ nhân Subject + verb + so + adj/ adv + that + S + verb Lu ý: Kh«ng sö dông mét danh tõ sau so Cßn muèn dïng danh tõ th× xem c¸c cÊu tróc díi ®©y The soprano sang so well that she received a standing ovation Terry ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record Judy worked so diligently that she received an increase in salary The soup tastes so good that every one will ask for more The little boy looks so unhappy that we all feel sorry for him The students had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class Các cấu trúc chứa các bổ ngữ cờng độ: S + verb + so + few/ many + dt ®2 sè nhiÒu + that + S + verb Eg The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team I had so few job offers that it wasn’t difficult to select one S + verb + so + much/ little + dt kh«ng ®2 + that + S + verb He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat S + verb + such + a + adjective + dt ®2 sè Ýt + that S + verb + so + adjective + a + dt ®2 sè Ýt + that Lu ý: Such + a + adjec tive thờng đợc dùng nhiều cấu trúc trên It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors/ It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors It was such an interesting book that he couldn’t put it down/ It was so interesting a book that he couldn’t put it down S + verb + such + adjective + N đếm số nhiều/ N không đđ+ that + S+ verb Eg She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her dt đếm đợc số nhiều They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one dt đếm đợc số nhiều Perry has had such bad luck that he’s decided not to gamble dt không đếm đợc This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it dt không đếm đợc Lu ý: Ta kh«ng thÓ sö dông so cÊu tróc trªn Ph©n tÝch nghÜa cña c¸c cÊu tróc trªn Eg It has been such a long time since I’ve seen him that I’m not sure if I will remember him ( Tôi không biết liệu tôi có nhận đợc nó không vì đã lâu tôi không gặp nó.) Nguyªn nh©n: It has been a long time KÕt qu¶ : I’m not sure if I will remember him He has so heavy a work load that it is difficult for him to travel ( Thật là khó chuyện du lịch vì có nhiều công việc phải làm.) Nguyªn nh©n: He has a very heavy work load KÕt qu¶ : It is difficult for him to travel Peter has such long fingers that he should play the piano (Peter nên chơi đàn Piano vì nó có ngón tay dài.) Nguyªn nh©n: Peter has such long fingers KÕt qu¶ : He should play the piano (36) Professor Sands gives such interesting lectures that his classes are never boring (c¸c giê häc cña gi¸o s Sands ch¼ng bao giê buån tÎ bëi v× «ng Êy thêng ®a nh÷ng bµi gi¶ng hÕt søc thó vÞ.) Nguyªn nh©n: Professor Sands gives very interesting lectures KÕt qu¶ : His classes are never boring This is such tasty ice cream that I’ll have another helping (T«i sÏ gäi mét suÊt kem n÷a v× nã rÊt ngon.) Nguyªn nh©n: The ice cream is very tasty KÕt qu¶ : I’ll have another helpin TIẾT 37 + 38 Ngày soạn: PHẦN VII / / – PHRASES VS CLAUSES Ngày giảng: / / H RELATIVE CLAUSES Relative pronouns: Subject Object Possessive For persons who whom/who whose For things that which that that which that whose/of which a WHO: Là đại từ quan hệ người, dùng để thay cho danh từ người, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ Eg The man who told you I was out met me in the park The person who you wanted to see died days ago This is the lady who helped my mom That’s the one who we need to contact b WHOM: Là đại từ quan hệ người, dùng để thay cho danh từ người, làm tân ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ Eg That’s the one whom we need to contact The person whom you wanted to see died days ago The one to whom he wanted to talk was out Mr Ba, from whom we got news, was escaped yesterday c WHOSE: Là tính từ quan hệ người, dùng để thay cho tính từ sở hữu, kết hợp với danh từ, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ Eg This is the lady whose son cheated me The country whose people were struggling against floods announced the situation of disasters yesterday d WHICH: Là đại từ quan hệ vật, dùng để thay cho danh từ vật, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ Eg The book which you liked was sold This is the bike which is my birthday present The house, which was on fire, was built long ago e THAT: Là đại từ quan hệ thay thế, dùng để thay cho các đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHICH, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ, ngoài còn sử dụng câu chẻ Eg The book that you liked was sold This is the bike that I want to buy The one that told you I was out met me in the park./ The person that you wanted to see died days ago f WHEN: Là trạng từ quan hệ thời gian, có vai trò là mệnh đề quan hệ trạng ngữ thời gian Eg The day when she left was rainy The time when we reunite is uncertain g WHERE: Là trạng từ quan hệ nơi chốn, có vai trò là mệnh đề quan hệ trạng ngữ nơi chốn Eg This is the house where he lived in his childhood The place where we play football is a football ground h WHY: Là trạng từ quan hệ lí do, nguyên nhân, có vai trò là mệnh đề quan hệ trạng ngữ nguyên nhân Eg The reason why she left was unknown That’s why we are worrying now Relative clauses: a Restrictive Relative Clauses: Đây là loại mệnh đề cần thiết có mặt để câu có nghĩa, không có nó câu không đảm bảo ngữ nghĩa (Chủ từ chưa xác định) Eg The man who keeps the library is Mr Green (The man is Mr Green thì rõ, The man keeps the library thì không rõ là ai) That is the book that I like best (là mà tôi thích vô vàn sách) b Non- Restrictive Relative Clauses: Đây là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết có mặt mà câu có nghĩa, không có nó câu đảm bảo ngữ nghĩa vì tiền ngữ (chủ từ) đã xác định Loại mệnh đề này thường cách mệnh đề chính các dấu phảy, thường có các tính từ hay đại từ định hay sở hữu như: this, that, these, those, his, my,… Eg That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr Pike This is Mrs Jones, who helped me last week./ Mary, whose sister I know, has won an Oscar Reduced clauses: a Present Participle Phrase: (V-ING phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng ngữ danh động từ V-ING để thay cho mệnh đề quan hệ động từ chính mệnh đề đó thể chủ động Eg The man who is sitting next to you is Mr Mike = The man sitting next to you is Mr Pike Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday? = Do you know the boy breaking ….? b Past Participle Phrase: (V-ED phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng ngữ tính từ V-ED để thay cho mệnh đề quan hệ động từ chính mệnh đề đó thể bị động (37) Eg The man who was arrested by the police is Mr Mike = The man arrested by the police is Mr Pike Do you know the boy who was punished by the headmaster yesterday? = Do you know the boy punished by the headmaster yesterday? c Infinitive Phrase: (to V phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng ngữ động từ to V để thay cho mệnh đề quan hệ trường hợp mệnh đề có chứa các từ FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, LAST, ONLY có thể dùng với cấu trúc “for O + to V”, số mệnh đề mang tính rang buộc nhiệm vụ… Eg English is an important language which we have to master = English is an important language to master/ for us to master He is the only one who know the answer = He is the only one to know thư answer d Noun Phrase: : (Noun phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một cụm danh từ để thay cho mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề đó mang ngữ danh từ (thường nghề nghiệp) Eg Mr Ba, who is our new form teacher, is a B.A = Mr Ba, our new form teacher, is a B.A The man who is a new manager of the office is still young = The man - a new manager of the office is still very young I CLEFT SENTENCES Subject focus: Nhấn mạnh tới chủ ngữ, chủ thể hành động đối tượng đề cập S + V → It be S that/ who V Eg Nam helped me a lot → It was Nam who helped me a lot The book tells us a romantic story → It is the book that tells us a romantic story Object focus: Nhấn mạnh tới tân ngữ, chủ thể nhận hay chịu tác động hành động S + V + O → It be O that/ whom S + V Eg She bought the dictionary → It was the dictionary that she bought We saw Mai at the party → It was Mai who we saw at the party Adverbials focus: Nhấn mạnh tới trạng ngữ, đề cập tới thời gian, nơi chốn, cách thức, phương pháp hành vi S + V + A → It be A that S + V Eg We first met in this park → It was in this park that we first met She left on a rainy day → It was on a rainy day that she left TIẾT 39 + 40 Ngày soạn: PHẦN VII / / – PHRASES VS CLAUSES Ngày giảng: / / PART VIII: INDIRECT SPEECH – CÂU TRỰC TIẾP, GIÁN TIẾP Trong câu trực tiếp thông tin từ ngời thứ đến ngời thứ Eg He said “ I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday” Còn câu gián tiếp, thông tin từ ngời thứ qua ngời thứ và đến ngời thứ Do có biến đổi mÆt ng÷ ph¸p Eg He said he had bought a new motorbike for myself the day before Phơng pháp chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp Khi chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần phải: Phá bỏ ngoặc kép, chuyển đổi toàn các đại từ nhân xng theo ngôi chủ ngữ thứ sang đại từ nhân xng ngôi thø Lùi động từ vế thứ xuống cấp so với mức ban đầu (lùi thời) Chuyển đổi tất các đại từ thị, phó từ thời gian theo bảng quy định a Bảng đổi động từ DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH simple present simple past present progressive past progressive present perfect (progressive) past perfect (progressive) simple past past perfect will /shall would / should can / may could / might b Bảng đổi các loại từ khác this, these here, overhere today yesterday the day before yesterday tomorrow that, those there, overthere that day the day before two days before the following day/ the next day (38) the day after tomorrow in two days’ time next + thêi gian (week, year ) the following + thêi gian (week, year ) last + thêi gian (week, year ) the privious + thêi gian (week, year ) thêi gian + ago thêi gian + before/ the privious +thêi gian - Nếu là nói và thuật lại xảy cùng ngày thì không cần phải đổi thời gian Eg At breakfast this morning he said “ I will be very busy today” At breakfast this morning he said he would be very busy today - Việc điều chỉnh logic tất nhiên là cần thiết lời nói đợc thuật lại sau đó ngày Eg thø Jack nãi víi Tom: I’m leaving the day after tomorrow (tøc lµ thø Jack sÏ rêi ®i) NÕu Tom thuËt l¹i lêi nãi cña Jack vµo ngµy h«m sau (tøc lµ thø 3) th× Tom sÏ nãi: Jack said he was leaving tomorrow NÕu Tom thuËt l¹i lêi nãi cña Jack vµo ngµy tiÕp theo (ngµy thø 4) th× Tom sÏ nãi: Jack said he was leaving today §éng tõ víi t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp vµ t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp Trong tiếng Anh có loại động từ (trong bảng sau)có tân ngữ và đồng thời có cách dùng bring, build, buy find, get, give make, offer, owe promiss, read, sell cut, draw, feed, tell hand, leave, lend, write paint, pass, pay send, show, teach - Cách dùng gián tiếp đặt tân ngữ trực tiếp sau động từ đến giới từ for, to và tân ngữ gián tiếp S + V + Od + for/ to + Oi - Cách dùng trực tiếp đặt tân ngữ gián tiếp sau động từ và sau đó đến tân ngữ trực tiếp, giới từ to và for mÊt ®i, c«ng thøc sau: S + verb + Oi (t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp) + Od (t©n ng÷ trực tiÕp) - Nếu tân ngữ là đại từ nhân xng thì không đợc dùng công thức trực tiếp (tức là công thức thứ đợc sö dông) Eg Correct : They gave it to us./ Incorrect: They gave us it - Động từ to introduce và to mention không đợc dùng công thức trực tiếp mà phải dùng công thức gián tiếp to introduce sb/st to sb to mention st to sb Mét sè thÝ dô bæ trî John gave the essay to his teacher./ John gave his teacher the essay The little boy brought some flowers for his grandmother The little boy brought his grandmother some flowers I fixed Maria a drink./ I fixed a drink for Maria He drew a picture for his mother./ He drew his mother a picture He lent his car to his bother./ He lent his brother his car We owe several thousand dollars to the bank./ We owe the bank several thousand dollars TIẾT 41 + 42 ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I Choose one word whose underlined part is pronounced differently Identify your answer by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D 01 A fingers B families C classes D arms 02 A large B add C subtract D math 03 A dumb B demonstration C young D some 04 A them B both C other D then 05 A learned B arrived C disabled D retarded II Choose one word whose stress pattern is different Identify your answer by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D 06 A uniform B applicant C employment D yesterday 07 A tonight B paper C story D lecture 08 A interesting B surprising C amusing D successful 09 A engineer B understand C Vietnamese D benefit 10 A people B afraid C money D army III Choose from the four options given (marked A, B, C, and D) one best answer to complete each sentence by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D 11 We stayed in the Grand Hotel is very near the beach A which B it C where D when 12 My car is quite A economic B economical C economy D economics 13 There is of fruits in Vietnam A various B vary C varied D a variety (39) 14 In attacking the old lady, the youth committed a _ crime A naughty B bad C heinous 15 More and more young people want a university A education B educated C educator 16 _ is four miles from the city centre to the station A It B There C Such 17 Would you mind standing in the boat, it upsets the balance? A not B no C stop D evil D educate D That D 18 George mentioned in accident as a child, but he never told us the details A having injured B to have injured C having been injured 19 Please don’t against that wall It dirties the new paint A itch B tumble C curl 20 Blood are needed urgently, as the national blood bank reserves are getting low A donors B offers C givers 21 May I your pen? A lend B C give 22 She dances than her sister A the most beautifully B more beautifully C beautiful 23 The man spoke with a accent A southwards B south C southbound 24 She arranged _ her friend in the afternoon as the weather was fine A to meet B to have met C to be meeting 25 Could you tell me how far from here to the next petrol station? A is it B it was C it is 26 Last year, a new bridge over the Black River A is built B builds C was built 27 My sister is a very warm and person A care B carefulness C careful 28 The rules are clear stated and admit _ no confusion A to B of C for 29 It was _ to rescue the drowning boy A too late B so late as C not enough 30 Recent EU legislation is aimed at removing trade between member states A boundaries B walls C barriers 31 Once upon a time, there three brothers in a cottage in the forest A live B are C were 32 Let’s buy our tickets while I still have left A a few dollars B a few dollar C a few money 33 Halong is one of the most famous tourist in Vietnam A attractions B attracting C attract 34 people are not always happy A Wealth B Wealthy C Wealthily 35 The biscuits that you sent over were that I ate them all A very good B so good C good 36 Two of the books Tom lost on the bus returned to the main desk at his room A had B has C was 37 The chairman asked the secretary to take the of the meeting A notes B discussions C rulings 38 The man who designs a house is the A engineer B architect C painter 39 The outgoing president victory to his opponent A admitted B confessed C claimed 40 Please go to to pick up your ID card A third window B window third C the third window 41 Suddenly the lights out and we were left in darkness A turned B gave C went 42 She thought German was more industrial France A than B as C then D to have been injured D lean D volunteers D borrow D the most beautiful D southern D meeting D was it D built D careless D from D much late D fences D lived D little money D attracted D Wealthiest D too good D were D minutes D manager D conceded D the window D put D to (40) 43 You look so much like someone I knew years ago - it’s quite A unspeakable B unlikely C uncanny D unnatural 44 The old cottage had bow windows and a roof A woven B straw C thatched D plaited 45 of people gathered in front of the church A A hundred B Hundred C Hundreds D Two hundreds IV Choose from the four alternatives given (marked A, B, C, and D) one that need correcting Identify your answer by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D This is a story that Charlie Chaplin liked to tell about himself It happened after the great actor had become internationally famous A theater announced that a competition would be held to see who could act like Charlie Chaplin Those taking part in it had to dress like Chaplin, walk like Chaplin and act one of the role in a Chaplin’s film When Charlie Chaplin heard about the competition, he decided to take part in the competition himself Naturally, he kept his plan a secret from everybody When the result of the competition were announced, Charlie said: “I didn’t know whether to feel angry or only surprised I didn’t win the first prize But after thinking about it, I decided that it would be best to laugh.” 46 Charlie didn’t A allow this competition to be held B tell anybody about his plan C like the competition D take part in the competition 47 When learning the news he decided _ A not to be himself any more B to keep a secret C to laugh D to be angry 48 People who took part in the competition had to A be a great actor B imitate Chaplin’s walking, dressing and acting C sing a song D keep a secret from other people 49 When the result of the competition was announced _ A he learn that he had won the first prize B he learnt that someone else had won the first prize C he knew that a new film was a success D he was very surprised and angry 50 This is a story which _ A was told by his friend B happened when he was not famous yet C Charlie was fond of telling D was announced at the competition TIẾT 43 + 44 ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from to 10 By adopting a few simple techniques, parents who read to their children can considerably increase their children's language development It is surprising, but true How parents talk to their children makes a big difference in the children's language development If a parent encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading, the child's language skills increase A study was done with two or three-year-old children and their parents Half of the thirty children participants were in the experimental study; the other half acted as the control group In the experimental group, the parents were given a two-hour training session in which they were taught to ask open-ended questions rather than yes-no questions For example, the parent should ask, "What is the doggy doing?" rather than, "Is the doggy running away?" Experimental parents were also instructed how to expand on their children's answer, how to suggest alternative possibilities, and how to praise correct answers At the beginning of the study, the children did not differ on levels of language development, but at the end of one month, the children in the experimental group were 5.5 months ahead of the control group on a test of verbal expression and vocabulary Nine months later, the children in the experimental group still showed an advance of months over the children in the control group 01 Parents can give great help to their children's language development by _ them A experimenting B responding to C reading to D adopting 02 What was the major difference between the control group and the experimental one in the study? A The age of the children B The training that parents received C The books that were read D The number of participants 03 What conclusion can be drawn from this passage? A Children's language skills increase when they are required to respond actively B Two or three-year-old children can be taught to read actively C The more children read, the more intelligent they become D Children who read actively always act six months earlier than those who don't (41) 04 During the training session, experimental parents were taught to _ A use yes-no questions B ask open-ended questions C study many experiments D give correct answers 05 What does the word "they" in the second paragraph refer to? A Participants B Parents C Questions D Children II Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction 06 Many young people lack skills, good education, and financial to settle in the urban areas where many jobs are found A are found B lack C urban areas D financial 07 Tom likes taking part sports, so he will join the football team of his school A taking part B will join C so D of 08 I have been working hardly for two weeks and now I feel like a rest A a rest B and C have been working D hardly 09 She brought a lot of money with her so that she needed buy some duty-free goods A needed buy B duty-free goods C with D brought 10 We are going to visit our grandparents when we will finish our final exams A when B our C will D are going to III Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions 11 A promise B despite C enterprise D economize 12 A eight B thought C laugh D high 13 A chemist B approach C aching D scholar 14 A attracted B engaged C decided D expected 15 A ease B appeal C already D team IV Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions 16 He went back to work in his country after he his course on Advanced Engineering in London A has finished B finishes C was finishing D had finished 17 If I were you, I would advise her the new teaching method A to try B tries C try D trying 18 Could you fill out this form? A application B applicable C applying D applicant 19 The football match was postponed the bad weather A in spite B because C despite D because of 20 Kim: "What this weekend?" Sally: "Oh, we're going windsurfing It's fantastic!" A would you B are you doing C you go D are you going 21 Ellen: " ?" Tom: "He's tall and thin with blue eyes." A Who does John look like B What does John look like C What does John like D How is John doing 22 A scientist who studies living things is a A biological B biologically C biology D biologist 23 They are not to take part in this program of the World Health Organization A old enough B as old C enough old D so old 24 Maria: "Thanks for the lovely evening." Diana: " ." A Yes, it's really great B Oh, that's right C No, it's not good D I'm glad you enjoyed it 25 The recycling of waste paper save a great amount of wood pulp A had better B dare C can D need 26 Yesterday I met your brother, had taken us to the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York before A that B who C whom D whose 27 Endangered species by the World Wildlife Fund A are protected B will protect C would protect D be protected 28 High school students should be for their future jobs before leaving school A well-prepared B ill-spoken C ill-prepared D well-spoken 29 She didn't want to go she knew all her friends would be there A so that B therefore C even though D wherever 30 My father decided to smoking after he had been smoking for ten years A take up B get over C put away D give up (42) 31 Pat: "Would you like something to eat?" Kathy: " I'm not hungry now." A Yes, I would B No, thanks C No, no problem D 32 The government initiated the programme of reform in the 1980s A economist B economically C economic D 33 students attended the meeting that there weren't enough chairs for all of them A So much B Too many C So few D 34 I'm going for a few days so don’t send me any more work A over B in C after D 35 Kevin: "How far is it from here to the nearest post office?" Lan: " ." A Two kilometers at least B No, it's rather far C Yes, it's quite near here D Turn left and then turn right 36 Peter doesn't like scuba-diving does his brother A So B Neither C Either D 37 If I had the map now, I a short-cut across the desert A can take B could take C could have taken D 38 I first met her two years ago when we at Oxford University A were studying B had been studying C have been studying D 39 David: "Could you bring me some water?" Waiter: " ." A No, I can't B Certainly, sir C Yes, I can D 40 My father is very busy , he is always willing to give a hand with the housework A However B Therefore C Despite D TIẾT 45 + 46 Yes, it is economised So many away Too take are studying I don't want to Although ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions 01 A new study group has been set by the government A out B away C up D down 02 We will always the wonderful winter holiday we had in Australia A remind B reflect C revise D remember 03 Reading books is still one of most popular forms of entertainment A the B a C any D an 04 The 22nd Southeast Asian Games were in Vietnam from th to 13th December 2003 A conducted B held C taken D carried 05 They laughed a lot last night The film have been very funny A must B would C can D ought 06 Sales were poor last month; , there has been an increase this month A however B otherwise C because D moreover 07 The salesman left a good on his customers A impression B expression C idea D belief 08 Phil: “I'd like to become a tour guide What you think I should do?” Leonie: “ ” A Shall we have a package tour this summer? B Yes, a tour guide is a good job! C I think you should practise spoken English D I don't agree with you 09 The longer he waited, impatient he got A better B the better C the more D more 10 He is very because he is concerned only with his own interests and feelings A confident B helpful C selfish D grateful 11 I am studying hard get a place at a good university A so that B in order to C so as D in order that 12 The factory in John works is the biggest in the town A which B that C when D where 13 The gardener fertilizes his land to it more productive A B make C help D force 14 Two thieves at a bus stop were arrested yesterday A having waited B waiting C were waiting D wait 15 Each of us must take for our own actions A ability B probability C responsibility D possibility 16 Nowadays more and more women go out to work, and they become more than they used to (43) A independent B dependence C dependent D independently 17 Susan: “Can you the cooking today?” Bill: “ .” A Oh, all right B Yes, please C I know that D No, thank you 18 George: “In my opinion, action films are exciting.” Frankie: “ ” A Yes Congratulations! B What an opinion! C You shouldn’t have said that D There’s no doubt about it 19 Last night, the train was delayed the flood A since B because of C even though D because 20 She suggested for a drink A being gone B to go C going D go 21 This machine is easy to install and cheap to operate A comparatively B comparative C compare D comparison 22 All of our rain forests unless we find some ways to stop people from cutting down trees A were destroyed B destroy C will be destroyed D will destroy 23 Please remember to the lights as you leave the room A go out B get out C turn off D set off 24 his serious disease, he tried to finish writing his novel A In spite B However C Despite D Although 25 We first each other in London in 2006 A have met B meet C met D had met II Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction 26 It is suggested that smoking should to be banned in pubs, restaurants, and other public places A should to be B other public places C smoking D It is suggested 27 Some bacteria are extremely harmful, but others are regular used in producing foods A extremely harmful B producing foods C Some bacteria D regular used 28 On Saturday, I enjoy to go to the concert with my friends A to go B On C with D the concert 29 Good scientists always cooperate with each others no matter what their nationalities are A their B others C always D with 30 Many species of wild animals would become extinction if people continued to cut down forests A Many species of B cut down C would D extinction III Read the following passage adapted from Pre-Essence Reading by Rachel Lee, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 37 BODY LANGUAGE AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES The body language people use often communicates more about their feelings than the words they are saying We use body movements, hand gestures, facial expressions, and changes in our voice to communicate with each other Although some body language is universal, many gestures are culturally specific and may mean different things in different countries If you want to give someone the nod in Bulgaria, you have to nod your head to say no and shake it to say yes - the exact opposite of what we do! In Belgium, pointing with your index finger or snapping your fingers at someone is very rude In France, you shouldn’t rest your feet on tables or chairs Speaking to someone with your hands in your pockets will only make matters worse In the Middle East, you should never show the soles of your feet or shoes to others as it will be seen as a grave insult When eating, only use your right hand because they use their left hands when going to the bathroom In Bangladesh, the ‘thumbs-up’ is a rude sign In Myanmar, people greet each other by clapping, and in India, whistling in public is considered rude In Japan, you should not blow your nose in public, but you can burp at the end of a meal to show that you have enjoyed it The ‘OK’ sign (thumb and index finger forming a circle) means ‘everything is good’ in the West, but in China it means nothing or zero In Japan, it means money, and in the Middle East, it is a rude gesture 31 It is mentioned in the passage that many gestures A can be used to greet each other in public B may mean different things in different countries C are not used to communicate our feelings D are used in greeting among men and women 32 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A In Belgium, snapping your fingers at someone is very rude B In Myanmar, people greet each other by clapping C In China, the ‘OK’ sign means money D In France, people shouldn’t rest their feet on tables 33 In the Middle East, people not use their left hands for eating because they use their left hands A when going to the bathroom B when preparing the meal C to clean their tables and chairs D to put in their pockets (44) 34 People nod their head to say no in A Belgium B France C Bulgaria D Japan 35 The word “others” in paragraph refers to A other people B other soles C other feet D other shoes IV Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions 36 A offer B persuade C reduce D apply 37 A enterprise B alcohol C effective D surgery V Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions 38 A describe B infectious C punish D efficient 39 A chemical B Christmas C challenge D characteristic 40 A sausage B passage C teenage D message TIẾT 47 + 48 ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I Read the following passage carefully and choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) one best solution finish each of the questions that follow In the past, both men and women were expected to be married at quite young ages Marriages were generally arranged by parents and family, with their children having little chance to say no in the matter In the past it was not surprising to find that a bride and groom had only just met on the day of their engagement or marriage In modern Vietnam, this has changed completely as people choose their own marriage-partners based on love, and in consideration primarily to their own needs and wants Moreover early marriage is quite illegal The traditional Vietnamese wedding is one of the most important of traditional Vietnamese occasions Regardless of westernization, many of the age-old customs practiced in a traditional Vietnamese wedding continue to be celebrated by both Vietnamese in Vietnam and overseas, often combining both western and eastern elements Besides the wedding ceremony, there is also an engagement ceremony which takes place usually half a year or so before the wedding Due to the spiritual nature of the occasion, the date and time of the marriage ceremony are decided in advance by a fortune teller The traditional Vietnamese wedding consists of an extensive array of ceremonies: the first is the ceremony to ask permission to receive the bride, the second is the procession to receive the bride (along with the ancestor ceremony at her house), the third is to bring the bride to the groom's house for another ancestor ceremony and to welcome her into the family, then the last is a wedding banquet The number of guests in attendance at these banquets is huge, usually in the hundreds Several special dishes are served Guests are expected to bring gifts, often money, which the groom and bride at one point in the banquet will go from table to table collecting 01 In the past, _ A getting married at an early age was not allowed B parents had no right to interfere their children's marriage C Vietnamese marriage was decided by parents and family D Vietnamese couples were free to make a decision on the marriage 02 Which sentence is referred Vietnamese modern marriage? A Couples not get married at quite young ages B All marriages are arranged by parents and family C Marriage is quite westernization D Most young people not have their marriage based on love 03 Which sentence is referred Vietnamese modern marriage? A All marriages are arranged by parents and family B Most young people not have their marriage based on love C Marriage is quite westernization D Couples not get married at quite young ages 04 In former days, a bride and groom had only first met just on the day of their engagement or marriage was _ A popular B strange C surprising D uncommon 05 Which does not exist in a Vietnamese wedding party? A gifts B dishes C firecrackers D guests II Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others of the same group 06 A children B chore C school D teacher 07 A cooks B loves C spends D joins (45) 08 A naked B booked C hooked D looked III Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that needs correcting to make the given sentence meaningfully and grammatically correct 09 Shakespeare was not only a famous playwright _ a poet _ well A but/ as B and/ too C but/ so D also/ as 10 It is not easy to our beauty when we get older and older A gain B develop C collect D maintain 11 Some researchers have just a survey of young people's points of view on contractual marriage A conducted B sent C managed D directed 12 _ in that company? A Do shoes make B Are shoes made C Are shoes be made D Shoes are made 13 John cannot make a to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car A decision B decisive C decide D decisively 14 A holiday in Cyprus doesn’t to me, I prefer Wildness A appeal B allure C attract D call 15 My mother used to be a woman of great _, but now she gets old and looks pale A beauty B beautiful C beautify D beautifully 16 The space shuttle crashed and went _ in flames A off B over C for D of 17 Many people have objected to marriage, which is decided by the parents of the bride and groom A sacrificed B shared C contractual D agreed 18 Is there anything else _ you want to ask? A whom B that C where D what 19 Two of the books Tom lost on the bus returned to the main desk at his room A were B had C has D was 20 More than ten victims _ missing in the storm last week A are reported to have been B are reported to be C are reporting to have been D are reporting to be 21 If you have ever watched television, you have seen plenty drug ads A of B for C with D about 22 Portuguese _ as an official language in this city since three hundred years ago A has always spoken B had always spoken C has been spoken always D has always been spoken 23 Will you take care _ my little dog when I am _ business? A of/ on B about/ at C for/ over D through/ away 24 She came in quietly not to wake the baby A such as B if so C as if D so as 25 Could you tell me how far from here to the next petrol station? A is it B it was C was it D it is 26 There was no one _ A I could ask whom for help B for that I could ask for help C I could ask for help D when I could ask for help 27 Education _ to be the most important element to develop a country A can often considered B can often consider C often be considered D can often be considered 28 The house _ is more than 100 years old A where I live B in that I live C in where I live D where I live at 29 My father phoned me to say that he would come _ home late A an B Ø C a D the 30 She arranged _ her friend in the afternoon as the weather was fine A to have met B meeting C to meet D to be meeting 31 Doctors and pharmacists have to assume _ for human life A achievement B responsibility C optimism D aspect 32 A part-time job give me freedom to my own interest A pursue B chase C catch D seek 33 That child is really by his grandparents A spoilt B polluted C naughty D stained IV Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that has the different stress pattern from the others of the same group 34 A obedient B family C solution D whenever 35 A special B hospital C supportive D mischievous (46) V Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that needs correcting to make the given sentence meaningfully and grammatically correct 36 Meal time also gives children a chance to learn how some of their favorite dishes making A making B also gives C to learn D how 37 It is really sad how many people have the misconception that reading is bored A bored B really C misconception D how many 38 By passing sunlight through a prism the light is separate into a spectrum of colors A is separate B By passing C through D spectrum of 39 Reading cannot make your life longer, but reading really makes your life more thicker A more thicker B longer C really D cannot make 40 In spite modern medical technology, many diseases caused by viruses are still not curable A many B by viruses C In spite D not TIẾT 49 + 50 ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) one best solution to make a sentence from the given prompts: 01 the / England / Oxford / university / is / city / oldest / in/ A Oxford is the oldest university city in England B Oxford is in England the oldest city university in England C Oxford is the oldest city university in England D Oxford is in England the oldest university 02 to/always/give/his/him/smoking/friends/up/ask/ A His friends ask always him to give up smoking B His friends always ask to him give up smoking C His friends always ask him to give up smoking D His friends always ask to him give smoking up 03 famous/show/will/all/be/most/the/in/singers/heard/this/pop/ A All the most famous pop singers will be heard in this show B All most the famous pop singers will be in this show heard C All the most famous singers pop will be heard in this show D All most the famous pop singers will be heard in this show 04 to/school/homework/or/do/at/I/don’t/have/weekend/to/go A I don’t have to go to school at weekend for homework B I don’t have to go to school or homework at weekend C At weekend I don’t have school to go or homework to D I don’t go to school or to have homework at weekend 05 half/she/to/an/at/queue/the/bus/stop/has/hour/for/ A She has half an hour at the bus stop to queue for B She has to queue at half an hour for the bus stop C She has to queue at the bus stop for half an hour D She has half an hour to queue for at the bus stop II Read the following passage carefully and choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) one best solution finish each of the questions that follow: For many people the language of the Internet is English “World, Wide, Web: Three English Words” was the name of an article by Michael Specter in the New York Times a few years ago The article went on to say: “If you want to take full advantage of the Internet, there is only one real way to it: learn English.” In general, it is not difficult to learn to use Internet services But although Internet services are rather easy to use, you will have considerable difficulties if you are not familiar with English In fact, knowledge of English is one of the most important aspects that help you use the Internet Learning to use a new Internet service may take a few hours, a few days, or some weeks, but it takes years to learn a language so that you can use it fluently and confidently Of course, when you know some English, you can learn more just by using it on the Internet But at least your English should be good enough to understand commonly used words and to know what to on the Internet 06 If you not know English very well, you will when using the Internet A have to learn a language fluently B have many difficulties C be laughed at D have to learn how to use Internet services for a few weeks 07 Which of the following languages is considered the language of the Internet by many people? A English B French C Japanese D Chinese 08 According to the article, what should you to take full advantage of the Internet? A Learn to type fast B Learn the names of some websites (47) C Learn to use the Internet services D Learn English 09 Learning to use a language fluently and confidently may take A a few weeks B a few hours C a few years D a few days 10 Which of the following titles is most appropriate for the two passages? A How to use Internet services B Practising your English on the Internet C Ways to take full advantage of the Internet D English and the Internet III Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the best one that make each of the following incomplete sentences grammatically and meaningfully right: 11 After he his English course, he went to England to continue his study A finish B finishes C had finished D finished 12 Things greatly since we Doi Moi policy A changed/ had B have changed/ had C changed/ has had D have changed/ have had 13 Ms Linda’s application for the job was refused, she felt very disappointed A While B Before C When D As soon as 14 Americans often say “Thank you” when you help them something A B to doing C doing D makes 15 The workers go to work late last week A used to B used C use to D were used to 16 Why didn’t you listen to me I was talking to you? A whenever B by the time C until D while 17 _ he tried hard, he didn’t succeed in his work A But B In spite of C Though D Despite 18 Bird flu by the virus H5N1 A caused B are caused C is caused D is causing 19 It was so noisy that I couldn’t concentrate my lesson A on B at C in D from 20 You give a party in your new house to celebrate moving into it A housewarming B housekeeping C house guest D house-coming 21 The farmers in my village often their work very early in the morning A begin B beginning C begins D is beginning 22 Today, the scientists in the world research on AIDS A are doing B does C make D doing 23 We for Ha Noi on the earliest flight tomorrow A were leaving B will have left C leave D are leaving 24 They are trying to persuade the rich to their money to the charities A contribute B provide C finance D invest 25 Nowadays, the divorce rate is higher than it used to be people are allowed to decide on their marriage A even though B in spite of C despite D but 26 Remember that these documents translated into English and certified by appropriate authorities A must be B may be C will be D can be 27 Banks are very important business people? A on B for C with D to 28 The manager told me harder A to work B worked C working D work 29 Your must be typed into three copies to hand in for our company A applicants B application C applying D apply 30 _ his poor health, Mr Brown still works hard to support his family A Despite B Although C Because of D Despite of IV Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that has the different stress pattern from the others of the same group: 31 A people B person C picture D across 32 A effective B expensive C engineer D malaria V Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others of the same group: 33 A cook B look C room D good 34 A picked B considered C received D stayed 35 A wealth B peaceful C meat D beach (48) VI Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that needs correcting to make the given sentence meaningfully and grammatically correct: 36 The result of that test must be inform before August A must be B result C inform D before 37 There are also many single mothers and single fathers which are raising children by themselves A are B many C by D which 38 She has disappeared three days ago, and they are still looking for her now A has disappeared B for her C and D are still 39 My little daughter is going to being taken to day care center A being B is going to C taken D little 40 In spite of my father is old, he still goes to work A work B old C In spite of D goes TIẾT 51 + 52 ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the best one that make each of the following incomplete sentences grammatically and meaningfully right 01 Alice: “How often you go to the dentist, Anne?” Anne: “ .” A Many times B Last week C Twice a year D Next month 02 The house in they are living is very large and beautiful A which B whose C where D that 03 I television a lot, but now I don't any more A used to watching B was watching C am watching D used to watch 04 If we found the remedy for cancer, many people's lives A would save B would be saved C will save D would be saving 05 He was excited that he couldn’t go to sleep A so B such C much D too 06 Katie has read French books A every B a few C a little D much 07 David: “Do you know where there's a telephone box?” - Maria: “ .” A It’s not a good question to ask me B Yes, thank you C There's one at the corner of the street D No, I don’t have to 08 Helen: “Excuse me Can you tell me the time?” Michael: “ .” A It’s ten past nine B I’ve to go now C I’ve forgotten it D Here you are 09 He has been working as a for twenty years A physical B physics C physicist D physically 10 I was really worried my brother because he didn’t come home last night A of B about C at D with 11 Peter is fed up eating potatoes every day A in B for C on D with 12 You mustn’t any more mistakes A perform B C make D carry 13 There isn’t left in the fridge A nothing B everything C anything D something 14 When I entered the room, everyone A is dancing B has danced C was dancing D dances 15 John works much than we A more hardly B harder C hardest D hard 16 I like the of her paintings A simply B simplicity C simple D simplify 17 Plants don’t grow there isn’t enough sunshine A though B unless C so D if 18 He was homesick He his friends and family A remembered B desired C lacked D missed (49) 19 When my parents were away, my grandmother would care of me A B take C get D make 20 Today, most of the work on the farm by machines A is done B C is doing D did II Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that needs correcting to make the given sentence meaningfully and grammatically correct 21 She has got fewer friends in her class now than she has last year A than B she has C has got D fewer friends 22 Mr Brown, his picture you saw in the newspaper, lives next door to us A his B in C lives D to us 23 Do you mind to go out with me to buy some ice creams? A with B to go C ice creams D to buy 24 You had better to learn a foreign language before applying for a job A before B to learn C a job D applying 25 Most babies will grow up to be as clever than their parents A than B Most babies C to be D grow up III Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the best one that make each of the following incomplete sentences grammatically and meaningfully right 26 My mother was so tired A that she could not cook the dinner B as to cook the dinner C to be cooking the dinner D and the dinner cannot cook 27 If I had enough money, A I would buy a new motorbike B will buy a new motorbike C I buy a new motorbike D I bought a new motorbike 28 What is the name of the man ? A his house the burglars broke into B the burglars broke into his house C whose house the burglars broke into D which house the burglars broke into 29 writing letters to Jill A Jack has never B No more Jack has stopped C Now Jack doesn’t want D Jack has stopped 30 Your health won’t be improved A while these tablets taking B if these pills are taking C unless you take these pills D when taking these tablets IV Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others of the same group 31 A climate B swimming C time D climb 32 A black B cancer C sat D cable 33 A healthy B other C thick D thousand 34 A invented B promised C vanished D talked 35 A catching B mechanic C cheap D chalk V Read the following passage carefully and choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) one best solution finish each of the questions that follow HOW WE LEARN A LANGUAGE The first language you learn to speak is called your native language As a baby, you listened to your parents or other people speaking and then imitated the sounds you heard Babies seem to be born with an ability to learn the language they hear Native speakers learn as children to use the right words and arrange them in the right order without even thinking about it If English is your native language, you know automatically that “I going bed” is wrong, but “I am going to bed” is right If you learn a second language, you have to memorize its words and learn its rules That’s why learning a second language can be difficult Young children can learn a new language very easily If they are surrounded by people speaking a different language, they soon learn to speak it as well as their native language But as people grow older, it becomes more difficult to learn new languages People gradually lose the ability to learn the grammar and pronounce the sounds of another language People who learn a new language as adults usually have a “foreign accent” when they speak it 36 According to the passage, a native language is A a new different language you learn to speak B a language you learn to speak as an adult C the first language you learn to speak D the language you speak with a “foreign accent” 37 The phrase “surrounded by people” in paragraph mostly means A having people around B needing people C helping many people D attracting a lot of people 38 According to the passage, learning a second language can be difficult because A few of you are born with an ability to learn the language you hear (50) B you must have a “foreign accent” when you speak it C you are surrounded by people speaking a different language D you must memorize its words and learn its rules 39 The word “them” in paragraph refers to A children B babies C native speakers D right words 40 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A Babies seem to have an ability to learn the language they hear B People gradually lose the ability to learn the grammar and pronounce the sounds of a new language C Young children have considerable difficulty learning a new language D It becomes more difficult to learn a new language when people grow older TIẾT 53 + 54 ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others of the same group: 01 A brushed B cleaned C played D snowed 02 A timid B tidy C timer D kite 03 A chimney B check C cholera D churched II Read the following passage carefully and choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) one best solution finish each of the questions that follow: Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech Signals, signs, symbols, and gesture may be found very known culture The main function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as for example, the dots and dashes of telegraph circuit Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great Less adaptable to the codification of words, signals also contain meaning in and of themselves A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s cultural perceptions In some cultures, applauding in a theatre provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval Gestures such as waving and hand shaking also communicate certain cultural messages Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they have a major disadvantage They usually not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods are based on speech Radio, television, and the telephone are only a few 04 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A Gestures B Communication C Signals, Signs, and Symbols D Speech 05 What does the author say about speech? A That it is dependent upon the advances made by inventors B That it is the only true form of communication C That it is the most advanced form of communication D That it is necessary for communication to occur 06 Why were the telephone, radio and television invented? A Because people wanted to communicate across long distances B Because people were unable to understand signals, signs, and symbols C Because people wanted new forms of communication D Because people believed that signals and symbols were obsolete 07 It may be concluded from the passage that A only some cultures have signals and symbols B symbols are very easy to define and interpret C signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are forms of communication D waving and handshaking are not related to culture 08 Applauding was cited as an example of _ A a signal B a symbol C a gesture D a sign III Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that needs correcting to make the given sentence meaningfully and grammatically correct 09 I was such nervous that I didn’t think I would pass the exam A the exam B didn’t C would D such nervous (51) 10 I went to the United States six months ago because mine cousin is out there A mine cousin B went to C out D months ago 11 There is a hotel at the bottom of the canyon where we can stay there A of the canyon B is a hotel C at the D can stay there IV Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) one best solution to make a sentence from the given prompts: 12 you/ really/ be/ able/ dress/ yourself/ age!/ should/ to/ at/ your A You should be really able to dress yourself at your age! B You should really be able to dress yourself at your age! C You should really able dress to be yourself your age at! D You really should be able to dress yourself at your age! 13 we/ now/ facing/ problem/ deforestation/ are/ of/ the A Now are we facing with the deforestation of problem B We are now facing with the problem of deforestation C Now we are facing with the deforestation of problem D We are now facing of the problem with deforestation V Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the best one that make each of the following incomplete sentences grammatically and meaningfully right: 14 The Asian Games is an occasion when friendship and _are built and deepened A admiration B rival C solidarity D determination 15 The disappearance of one or several species may result in the loss of A university B biodiversity C biology D diversity 16 She remembered the correct address only _she had posted the letter A since B after C following D afterwards 17 He enjoyed the dessert so much that he accepted a second _when it was offered A pile B helping C load D sharing 18 Have you live here life? A all your B all the C your all D the 19 I’m really looking forward _to university A to going B go C to go D going 20 “Why are you learning English?” - “ _ I need it for my job.” A So B But C If D Because 21 If you hear the fire , leave the building quickly A notice B alarm C caution D publicity 22 _ to an accident in the High Street, traffic is moving very slowly on the London road A Because B Owing C Since D Through 23 I am interested in natural science subjects like mathematics, physics and _ A literature B chemistry C music D geography 24 I am tired _having to wash the dishes every night A with B by C of D at 25 He told his father a long and _story to explain his lateness A unconvincing B unimaginable C incredulous D inconceivable 26 If only he _ told us the truth in the first place, things wouldn’t have gone wrong A have B had C should have D would have 27 Mr and Mrs Hudson are always _with each other about money A discussing B shouting C arguing D annoying 28 The children did not know the _by which the game was played A customs B rules C facts D orders 29 Of course I’m a Christian _ I expect everyone who works here to be a Christian too A then B but C and D since 30 I often go to the school _ to borrow books in my free time A room B class C library D yard 31 I’ll have to _to you, otherwise he will hear A whisper B shout C say D whistle 32 Women workers wear hats in _their hair gets caught in the machinery A course B occasion C case D event 33 It was impossible for her to tell the truth so she had to _a story A combine B imagined C invent D lie 34 We need _information before we can decide A far B furthest C further D farther 35 He is a little bit _ in his left ear, but if you speak clearly he will hear what you say (52) A deaf B dead C diseased D disabled 36 You can borrow _ books as you want A as much B as many C too many D so much 37 Over the past two years the _of living has risen considerably A rate B cost C charge D price 38 Are there enough apples for us to have one _? A every B self C each D individually VI Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that has the different stress pattern from the others of the same group: 39 A estimate B inflate C activate D migrate 40 A postcard B purpose C product D postpone TIẾT 55 + 56 ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correcting to make the sentence grammatically and meaningfully right: 01 Though Pablo Picasso was primarily a painting, he also became a fine sculptor, engraver, and ceramist A primarily B Though C painting D fine 02 The ozone layer must be protected because it shields the earth from excessive ultraviolet radiate A radiate B must be protected C it D from 03 Carbohydrates and fats are two essential sources of energy for animal grow A grow B sources C for D and fats 04 Even on the most careful prepared trip, problems will sometimes develop A careful B Even C on D will sometimes II Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part has different stress pattern from that of the rest in each of the following questions 05 A enjoy B expect C because D visit 06 A applicable B entertainment C information D conversation III Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions: Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer whose research led to discoveries about galaxies and the nature of the universe He settled a long debate by demonstrating that the Andromeda nebula was located outside our galaxy, establishing the islands universe theory, which states that galaxies exit outside of our own His study of the distribution of galaxies resulted in Hubble’s constant, a standard relationship between a galaxy’s distance from the earth and its speed of recession By 1925, Hubble had devised a classification system for the structure of galaxies and provided conclusive observational evidence for the expansion of the universe His work pushed the one-hundred-inch Mount Wilson telescope beyond its capability and provided strong impetus for the construction of a instrument twice its size at Mount Palomar, which Hubble used during his last year of research The telescope that bears his name was launched on a space shuttle in 1990 and orbits the earth, collecting data about the size of the universe 07 The author mentioned all of the following as accomplishments of Hubble EXCEPT _ A a design for a space shuttle B a classification system for the structure of galaxies C evidence for the expansion of the universe D the islands universe theory 08 The paragraph following this passage most probably discusses _ A recent information about the size and age of the universe B Hubble’s life C the space shuttle launch D the telescope at Mount Palomar 09 With what topic is the passage primarily concerned? A Edwin Hubble’s research B The nature of the universe C Edwin Hubble’s classification system for the structure of galaxies D The Hubble’s telescope 10 Hubble’s constant states that _ A there is a relationship between a galaxy’s distance from the earth and its speed of recession B the universe is expanding C galaxies exit outside our galaxy D the Andromeda nebula was located outside our galaxy 11 The word “capability” is the closest meaning to _ (53) A capacity B confidence C category D quality IV Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following incomplete sentences 12 has such a stunning achievement been recorded A Today B Recently C Always D Seldom 13 It’s a beautiful day! Would you like to go _? A sailing B to sail C to sailing D for sailing 14 The government has an inquiry to investigate bribery in local elections A set up B set to C set out D set about 15 Blood are needed urgently, as the national blood bank reserves are getting low A offers B donors C givers D volunteers 16 It is a shame they didn’t pick you, but it doesn’t out the possibility that you might pass A rule B draw C strike D cancel 17 Please don’t against that wall It dirties the new paint A lean B itch C curl D tumble 18 I _ with you on that subject A am agreeing B agree C agreeing D am agreed 19 Most of them also have more time to devote leisure A of B with C to D for 20 Recent EU legislation is aimed at removing trade between member states A walls B boundaries C barriers D fences 21 The biscuits that you sent over were that I ate them all A good B so good C too good D very good 22 I known what he was really like, I would never have married him A Would B Did C Have D Had 23 Don’t such a lie to me I can’t see you through A tell B say C speak D talk 24 It is how the Japanese society have remained their cultural heritage A amazed B amazing C amazement D amazingly 25 The missing plane has apparently disappeared without A news B word C trace D sign 26 Did the teacher explain how this problems? A to solve B we solve C solve D can we solve 27 Let’s buy our tickets while I still have left A a few dollar B a few dollars C a few money D little money 28 Africa is quite different from people believe A that B which C who D what 29 If we built more hospitals, we could _ better care of people A get B C take D treat 30 The price of fruit has increased recently the price of vegetables has gone down A whether B when C whereas D otherwise 31 If you didn’t _ rid of smoking, your health would be affected A get B go C make D take 32 Only if you promise to study hard to help you A I will agree B agree I C I agree D will I agree 33 There is no in applying for that job as you are not properly qualified A chance B result C point D reason 34 Glaciers are huge ice masses which flow over land A slowly B slowest C slow D slower V Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions 35 A sea B tea C cheap D bread 36 A than B weather C there D math 37 A chair B chemistry C chalk D teacher VI Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following grammatically and meaningfully alternative sentences 38 Could you please open the window? A Would you mind opens the window? B Would you mind opening the window? C Would you mind to open the window? D Would you mind open the window? (54) 39 He was exhausted by his work He threw himself on his bed A Exhausted by his work, he threw himself on his bed B Was exhausted by his work, he threw himself on his bed C He was exhausted by his work, but threw himself on his bed D Threw himself on his bed, exhausted by his work 40 He is not old enough to the volunteer work A He is too young to the volunteer work B He is very young that he can’t volunteer work C He can’t the volunteer work because of his old age D His youngster prevents him from doing the volunteer work (55)