AN ANALYSIS ON THE TRANSLATION PROCEDURES FROM ENGLISH TO VIETNAMESE FOR COVID 19 RELATED NEOLOGISMS

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION GRADUATION PAPER AN ANALYSIS ON THE TRANSLATION PROCEDURES FROM ENGLISH TO VIETNAMESE FOR COVID-19-RELATED NEOLOGISMS Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Thuy Trang (M.A) Student: Do Thi Thu Hoan Year of Enrollment: QH2017.F1.E22 Hanoi – 2021 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHOÁ LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP PHÂN TÍCH CÁC KỸ THUẬT DỊCH ĐƯỢC ÁP DỤNG TRONG VIỆC DỊCH CÁC THUẬT NGỮ MỚI NỔI TRONG ĐẠI DỊCH COVID-19 TỪ TIẾNG ANH SANG TIẾNG VIỆT Giáo viên hướng dẫn: Nguyễn Thị Thùy Trang Sinh viên: Đỗ Thị Thu Hoàn Khoá: QH2017.F1 HÀ NỘI – NĂM 2021 Signature of Approval: Hanoi, May 2021 ACCEPTANCE As an applicant for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, I hereby declare that I: Do Thi Thu Hoan from QH2017.F1.E22 accept the requirements pertaining to the retention and use of Bachelor's Graduation Paper deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for educational purposes only, in compliance with the librarian's customary terms and conditions for the paper's storage, borrowing, or reproduction Signature Do Thi Thu Hoan Date: May, 2021 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT On the completion of this graduation paper, I wish to express my deep gratitude to many of my lecturers, my family, and friends from whom I have received a great deal of assistance, guidance, and encouragement First of all, I would like to extend my sincere thanks and appreciation to my supervisor - Ms Nguyen Thi Thuy Trang, M.A for her constant support, clear and organized orientation right from the beginning, comprehensive instruction, and valuable comments on draft chapters, which is instrumental in accomplishing this study Moreover, I would like to convey my heartiest appreciation for the lectures and translation-majored seniors from Fast-track Program in FELTE, ULIS, VNU for their cooperation and active participation in the current research Last but not least, my indebtedness is presented to my family and all of my friends for their encouragement, inspiration during the process of completing this paper Hanoi, May 2021 Do Thi Thu Hoan i ABSTRACT The current study aims at investigating the perceptions of the two focus groups (translators and readers) of the effectiveness in the application of translation procedures in translating COVID-19-inspired neologisms The data was collected by using document analysis method by synthesizing neologisms sharing the same characterists and appearing in official documents and on the Internet Questionnaire and interview were adopted simultaneously to shed light on the issues in question, especially the second question The relevant data was analyzed by applying theme-based content analysis on the basis of translation procedures theory proposed by Newmark (1988) The result of the analysis reveals that there are twelve translation procedures applied in rendering newly developed expressions of the global epidemic with the prevalence of couplets, transference, literal translation and TL recognized translation Furthermore, the two groups of participants are of the same opinion when evaluating the comprehensibility and rationality of the given translated versions It has been disclosed that there is a lack of consistency in the adoption of translation procedures within each typology of neologisms, which seems to differ from Newmark’s framework for neologism translation It is apparent that there is no such standard guideline for translating Coronavirus-inspired new words due to the cultural variation, the unique nature of the newly developed lexicon, and the unfamiliarity of the novice translators in addressing those terms Lastly, regarding the approachability and effectiveness of the translation procedures adopted, each translated version would be differently perceived by the specific readership due to the dissimilarities in the educational background, age, and expertise in this field ii PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement i Abstract ii List of figures, tables, and abbreviations iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of research problem and rationale for the study 1.2 Research objectives and research questions 1.3 Significance of the study 1.4 Scope of the study 1.5 Research methodolody 1.5 Structure of the study CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Definition of key terms 2.1.1 Neologism 2.1.2 Translation 10 2.2 Conceptual framework 11 2.2.1 Neologism typology 2.2.1.1 Newmark’s taxonomy 11 2.2.1.2 Silvia’s taxonomy 13 2.2.1.3 Krishnamurthy’s taxonomy 14 2.2.1.4 Shahlee and Ahmad’s taxonomy 15 17 2.2.2 Translation procedures CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research design 23 3.2 Subject selection 23 3.3 Data collection instruments 24 3.3.1 Document analysis 24 3.3.2 Questionnaire 25 3.3.3 Interview 26 3.4 Data collection procedures 28 28 3.4.1 Content analysis iii 3.4.2 Questionnaire 28 3.4.3 Interview 29 3.3 Data analysis instruments 29 3.3.1 Document analysis 29 3.3.2 Data from questionnaires: statistical analysis 29 3.3.3 Data from interview: theme-based content analysis 30 30 3.5 Data analysis procedures 3.5.1 Document analysis 30 3.5.2 Statistical analysis 31 3.5.3 Theme-based content analysis 31 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 The first research question: The most and least frequently used 32 translation procedures in rendering COVID-19-related neologisms 4.1.1 The distribution of COVID-19-related neologism typology 4.1.1.1 Findings 32 4.1.1.2 Discussion 34 4.1.2 The frequency of translation procedures used in rendering 35 COVID-19-related neologism 4.1.2.1 Findings 35 4.1.2.2 Discussion 41 4.2 The second research question: The most effective translation 43 procedure for target readers and translators, the difficulties facing novice translators in handling these terms 4.2.1 Data from questionnaire 43 4.2.2 Data from interview 53 53 4.2.2.1 Target readers 4.2.2.1.1 The totally satisfied group 53 4.2.2.1.2 The partially dissatisfied group 54 55 4.2.2.2 Translators 4.2.2.2.1 Student translators 55 4.2.2.2.2 Experienced translators (Lecturers) 59 iv 61 4.2.3 Findings 4.2.3.1 The similar evaluation of the two focused groups 61 towards the translation versions 4.2.3.2.The variability in the selection of translation 64 procedures within each neologism category 4.2.3.3 The accessibility of the translations vary 66 depending on the specific readership 4.2.4 66 Discussion CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 5.1 Summary of the study 68 5.2 Implication of the findings 68 5.3 Limitations of the study 69 5.4 Suggestions for further study 70 REFERENCE 70 APPENDICES 80 Appendix A The list of collected neologisms Appendix B The translation procedures of the collected neologisms Appendix C The results of the questionnaire Appendix D Questionnaire: for target readers and translators Appendix E Interview questions Appendix F Interview transcript v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ST Source Text TT Target text SL Source Language TL Target Language FELTE Faculty of English Language Teacher Education ULIS University of Languages and International Studies VNU Vietnam National University, Hanoi WHO The World Health Organization N Noun V Verb IDM Idiom PHR Phrase Abbr Abbreviation G1 Group 1: Target readers G2 Group 2: Translators R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 Reader 1,Reader 2, Reader 3, Reader 4, Reader T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 Translator 1, Translator 2, Translator 3, Translator 4, Translator rumours and misinformation Messaging on protective measures has been repackaged as “5K”: (1) facemask; (2) hygiene;(3) safe distance; (4) gathering; (5) health declaration 29 To flatten the Làm curve cong phẳng đường Giảm số ca lây nhiễm COVID-19 Existing It is important to realise that collocation every single one of us has a with role to play in flattening the new senses (flatten curve Doctors need to identify and test possible cases quickly the curve) and place them in strict isolation, so they can’t infect Làm chậm lại giảm others bớt diễn biến dịch Public health authorities need to identify bệnh close contacts of cases and place them into strict quarantine to limit possible spread 30 Lockdown Phong tỏa Phrasal word Our model was able to assess the impact of the lockdown in “Bế quan tỏa cảng” Wuhan city on the epidemic in mainland Đóng cửa China, and it confirmed that preventing the movement of people in and out of an area was an important measure to contain the epidemic THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION! APPENDIX E INTERVIEW QUESTIONS ❖ For translators: 149 Bạn dịch văn có liên quan tới lĩnh vực y tế thông thường (trước dịch Covid) từ 2019 trở lại chưa? Đối tượng hướng tới văn gì? Mục đích văn thường là? Bạn dịch văn y tế có liên quan tới thuật ngữ Covid chưa? Các văn y tế bối cảnh dịch Covid có khác so với văn câu không? Đối tượng mà đại đa số văn muốn hướng tới ai? Căn vào tình hình dịch bệnh tại, mục đích văn gì? Bạn có biết nhiều thuật ngữ/từ lóng/cụm từ lên thời Covid khơng? Có từ bảng mà trước bạn chưa biết sau làm phiếu khảo sát, bạn nắm bắt hay không? Bạn hay sử dụng kĩ thuật dịch để xử lý thuật ngữ này? + Đối với từ/cụm từ chứa tên riêng? Ví dụ Vietnam (Zoom) + Đối với từ/cụm từ ghép? Ví dụ shelter-in-place + Đối với từ/cụm từ cũ mang nghĩa mới? Ví dụ social distancing + Đối với từ/cụm từ viết tắt? Ví dụ SARS-CoV-2? WFH? Hay PPE? + Đối với từ/cụm từ trộn? Ví dụ Elbump? Covidien? Trong số kĩ thuật trên, bạn hay sử dụng kỹ thuật dịch để đối phó với từ ngữ chưa xuất trước đó? Việc lựa chọn kỹ thuật dịch phù hợp, hiệu có ý nghĩa chất lượng dịch việc truyền tải mục đích tác giả/tác giả? Với tư cách dịch giả, bạn cho biết thủ thuật dịch vận dụng cách hiệu quả, hợp lý dịch nên đạt tiêu chí nào? Mong muốn bạn với dịch? Các cách dịch phiếu khảo sát liệu xem thành cơng việc chuyển ngữ nghĩa sang tiếng Việt chưa chưa? Bạn đưa đánh giá chi tiết từ cách dịch nghĩa đưa phiếu khảo sát khơng (dựa theo tiêu chí đánh giá bạn câu trên)? 150 Điểm tốt điểm cịn hạn chế? Trong ngun tắc “Tín-đạt-nhã”, liệu từ có đạt tiêu chí khơng? Phần trăm từ chưa tốt nghĩa gốc? Nêu đánh giá thang 10, từ bảng đạt khoảng? Với cách dịch này, liệu từ kể hồn thành vai trị cổ động, tun truyền chống dịch tiếp cận đại chúng kể chưa? Nêu đánh giá thang 10, từ bảng đạt khoảng? 10 Nhìn chung, bạn có nghĩ thủ thuật dịch áp dụng phiếu khảo sát vận dụng cách hiệu không? Trên thang 10, rate độ hiệu quả? 11 Dựa vào kiến thức lý thuyết dịch kinh nghiệm thực tiễn nghề, bạn chia sẻ số điểm cần ý, gợi ý cho biên dịch viên việc xử lý văn có chứa thuật ngữ mới/từ nói chung từ Covid nói riêng không? ● For target readers Bạn đọc văn có liên quan tới lĩnh vực y tế thông thường (trước dịch Covid) từ 2019 trở lại chưa? Đối tượng hướng tới văn gì? Mục đích văn thường là? Bạn đọc văn y tế có liên quan tới thuật ngữ Covid chưa? Các văn y tế bối cảnh dịch Covid có khác so với văn câu không? Đối tượng mà đại đa số văn muốn hướng tới ai? Căn vào tình hình dịch bệnh tại, mục đích văn gì? Bạn có biết nhiều thuật ngữ/từ lóng/cụm từ lên thời Covid khơng? Có từ bảng mà trước bạn chưa biết sau làm phiếu khảo sát, bạn nắm bắt hay không? 151 Theo bạn, dịch văn gốc coi thành công nên đạt tiêu chí nào? Tiêu chí đánh giá bạn với dịch mà đón nhận với tư cách độc giả? Sau làm bảng khảo sát, bạn có cảm thấy có từ chưa hiểu, chưa toát nghĩa gốc? Nếu có, từ nào? Vì sao? Gợi ý cách dịch? Giải thích cách dịch Nêu đánh giá thang 10, từ bảng đạt khoảng? Với cách dịch phiếu khảo sát, liệu từ ngữ đích đáp ứng kỳ vọng bạn chưa? Bạn đưa đánh giá chi tiết từ cách dịch nghĩa đưa phiếu khảo sát không (dựa theo tiêu chí đánh giá bạn câu 6)? Điểm tốt điểm hạn chế? Liệu việc sử dụng cách dịch phiếu khảo sát xem dễ hiểu, dễ đọc, dễ tiếp cận, hồn thành vai trị cổ động, tun truyền chống dịch kể chưa? Có dễ hiểu với bạn? Nêu đánh giá thang 10, từ bảng đạt khoảng? APPENDIX F INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPT ● For translators: T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 Q1: Have you ever translated medical documents related to before Covid-19? Who was the target audience for these documents? What was the purpose of these documents? T1: Most medical documents during COVID-19 are propaganda-oriented and meant to encourage people to take particular actions and practical measures to protect themselves from the virus while the action-oriented medical documents were rarely seen before 2019 T2: Before 2019, not everyone was paying attention to medical documents as much as they now Basically, it is the ever-increasing severity of the 152 Coronavirus that urged people to keep track of the crisis-related news and led to the proliferation of medical materials and reports T3: Before 2019, I did experience translating medical documents, mainly translations in specialized subjects Most of these texts use journalistic style, aimed at mass readers R4: Yes, it was aimed at everyone for the purpose of information dissemination R5: Yes, I have It was for health/community workers and served as propaganda, scientific documents Q2: Have you ever read medical documents related to Covid-19? Are medical documents in the Covid-19 crisis different from those in question 1? Who is the target audience for the majority of these documents? Given the current context, what are the main purposes of these documents? R1: A medical document will have to provide accurate, simple, and accessible information for the entire population (because the education background is not the same) The target text audience is everyone - the more the better The purpose of these medical documents in their opinion is to disseminate official and useful information to epidemic prevention R2: Yes, I have already During the Covid-19 epidemic, besides information dissemination, medical documents also contained messages to propagate about how to prevent disease and suggest safety measures to everybody T3: Since the outbreak of the Covid pandemic, I often translate economic themes However, these documents have updated the epidemic situation to reflect the impact of the epidemic on the economy T4:Yes, I have The readership is the general public to propagate information T5:Already Health / community worker Propaganda 153 Q3: Do you know many of the new terms/slang/phrases that emerged in the Covid19 era? Are there any words in the table that you had not known before and after doing the survey you understood? T1: I have been doing research about this issue so I’ve been quite familiar with the Covid-19-related neologisms T2: There are a lot of words that I’ve never heard of T3: I know certain terms such as covidiot or social distancing Through the survey, I also learned a lot of new words such as: index patient, drive-through testing, ARI, Veklury, Zumped, to flatten the curve T4: I knew all of them but Zumped T5: There are also some words I have never heard of such as covidiot, index patient, Drive-through test Q4: What translation procedures you use most of the time to handle these terms? As for words / phrases containing proper names? (Example: Zoom) For acronyms / phrases? For example: SARS-CoV-2? As for words / phrases mixed? For example: Covidiot T1: Transference is applied to technology-related eponyms into the TL For the case of blends, descriptive equivalents, couplets (synonym and addition) or addition are deemed as the most highly appreciated translation procedures T3:With each of the above terms, I will apply different techniques For example, with eponym and acronyms, I would use couplets which combine transference and additions when the word appears at the beginning of the text and then use transference in the following times As for the blendings I will choose a descriptive equivalent T4: Keep the name (transference) and transference or couplets (in combination with descriptive) with acronyms, with couplets (transference + something) or functional equivalent T5: Keep the same name, with opening parentheses explanation The word mixed is also interpreted (couplet: transference, descriptive / functional equivalent) 154 Q5: Which of the above translation procedures you use the most to deal with new words that have never appeared before? T1: Couplets, transference, addition T2: Literal translation, couplets, transference T3:Descriptive equivalent T4:Transference T5:Transference, descriptive/functional equivalent Q6: In your opinion, what are the assessment criteria for a successful translation? What are your expectations for the translation you will receive as a reader? T1: In my opinion, it should be approachable and successfully reach its target readers Besides, the language and writing style should be taken into consideration and appropriate for the genre and nature of the ST For example, the translated version as “Côvi-dốt” for the ST “Covidiot” is considered improper for journalism and official documents by the WHO, CDC, MOH T2: It should be easy to understand and convey the accurate messages of the ST T3: A translation should firstly achieve the purpose of conveying the correct message of the source language, without distorting or causing confusion to the reader, and then should use natural style and structure in the target language so that readers can grasp information easily For me, a good translation is a natural one and conveys the right message T4: It should be concise, consistent with existing and easy-to-understand translation procedures, the translation needs to convey information so that people can quickly grasp it, limiting the need to lookup in the dictionary T5: It should provide enough information about the ST Q7: With the translation methods shown in the survey, have the translations met your expectation yet? Can you give a detailed assessment of the words and meanings given in the survey (based on your assessment criteria in question 6)? Pros and cons? 155 T1: Nearly all the given choices failed to reproduce the same impact as the ST which leads to inaccurate and inadequate translation as COVID-19 lexicon is still strange and unfamiliar to the Vietnamese T2: 70-80% of the translations provided is able to satisfy the principles of faithfulness and accuracy as well as impart pandemic-related knowledge and preventative measures to the society at large T3: Most translations convey the right message, but some translations are somewhat verbose compared to the source language such as the translation of covidiot However, there is still a translation for the word social distancing, which will easily cause the reader to misunderstand the message, namely: social communication isolation This translation makes readers misunderstand that we are not allowed to communicate with each other during isolation Meanwhile, this slump should be understood as spacing, limiting direct contact during a pandemic We can still fully communicate with each other through communication applications or the phone T4: Mostly, in my opinion, it's pretty good, it conveys the accurate meaning However, some options are still too wordy and some translations are confused with old techniques T5: Pretty good, a detailed explanation of the term is also given Q8: In the three principles of "Credibility-to-good form, will the above words meet any of the criteria? Percent of words did not fully express the meaning of the original? If the rating is on a scale of 10, will the words in the table reach? T1: The first one T2: The first two T3: Among the above words, there are words that can satisfy all conditions, but there are also words that are difficult to achieve the principle of "good form" because they are new words or have new meanings in the context of a pandemic Because the words meet different criteria, it is difficult to evaluate them on a 10point scale T4: Many words are long but generally not distort the meaning, 7/10 156 T5: The first two 7/10 Q9: Can the use of translation procedures in the survey be considered as easy to understand, easy to read, easy to access, fulfilling the role of anti-epidemic advocacy and propaganda as mentioned above? R1: Yes R2: Yes R3: With the above translation procedures, most of the words can reach the readership and disseminate information about the correct translation to readers However, there are words that need to be reconsidered, so I'll give an average of 7.5 R4: So so, 8/10 R5: Yes, 8/10 Q10: In general, you think the translation techniques used in the survey have been used effectively? T1: Yes T2: Overall, my selected translations are quite well-translated so yes T3: Translators have applied a variety of translation techniques, but there are still cases where the procedure is incorrectly applied, resulting in unsatisfactory translation quality, I give an average score of T4: Effective T5: Effective Q11: Based on your knowledge of translation theory as well as practical experience in the profession, can you present some suggestions for translators in dealing with documents containing new words in general and new words about Covid in particular? T1: The translators should take notice of the readership, text types and purposes (whether it is academic or informal), and the appropriateness of the translation 157 procedures, obtain abundant translation theories, background knowledge of the specific field and standard language competency T2: Having good background knowledge, understanding translation theory which may turn out to be useful for novice translators only when it comes to the actual translating task T3: With new terms, translators need to first understand the meaning and messages that words want to convey and then find suitable translation methods to translate If necessary, translators and interpreters should discuss with colleagues or people with experience in the profession as well as experts in the relevant field to find a suitable translation T4: Do not use wordy words and expressions that are confusing with old words, it is necessary to ensure accurate scientific information so that it is easy to follow people's information T5: Understanding the message of the word thoroughly to best interpret it to readers ● For target readers: R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 Q1: Have you ever read medical documents related to before Covid-19? Who was the target audience for these documents? What was the purpose of these documents? R1: I rarely read these documents back then, but medical documents before 2019 were usually formal, simple, and contained a lot of information R2: Yes, I have They are mainly about healthcare and used to disseminate information R3: Yes, I have The common medical documents before the Covid were aimed at the majority of the people, but some documents would target one or a few certain groups of subjects related to the disease/content mentioned in the text to disseminate official information and knowledge to everyone R4: Yes, I have The purpose of these documents is to propagate and disseminate information 158 R5: Yes, I have but not too often The target audiences of these documents are usually children, women, or the elderly Often it is about vaccinations and shots for high-risk subjects against diseases Q2: Have you ever read medical documents related to Covid-19? Are medical documents in the Covid-19 crisis different from those in question 1? Who is the target audience for the majority of these documents? Given the current context, what are the main purposes of these documents? R1: A medical document will have to provide accurate, simple, and accessible information for the entire population (because the education background is not the same) The target text audience is everyone - the more the better The purpose of these medical documents in their opinion is to disseminate official and useful information to epidemic prevention R2: Yes, I have already During the Covid-19 epidemic, besides information dissemination, medical documents also contained messages to propagate about how to prevent disease and suggest safety measures to everybody R3: Yes, I have Medical documents in the Covid-19 context are aimed at the entire population The language is short, easy to understand, easy to spread to everyone, the medical terms about Covid are quite a lot in the news, but the coverage of Covid news with continuous frequency should not cause difficulties for the majority of people to access information The purpose of these documents is to update people about the epidemic situation, provide basic knowledge about the epidemic as well as notes and effective prevention methods In addition, it also propagates, spreads positive messages, and reinforces people's spirits during the difficult times raged by Covid R4: I regularly read medical texts There are language differences and their importance and popularity The entire population is mainly sick people, at-risk people, people who are vaccinated for free The purpose of these documents is to disseminate, update information, move public members in the Covid-19 epidemic 159 Q3: Do you know many of the new terms/slang/phrases that emerged in the Covid19 era? Are there any words in the table that you had not known before and after doing the survey you understood? R1: Neologisms appeared a lot and I have also come across some words However, I have not known half of the words (covidiot ) and after doing the survey, I could understand them better R2: I know a lot because it appeared a lot in the newspaper Words that I don't know before doing the survey: Shelter in place, drive-through testing R3: Due to regular exposure to Covid news, I know quite a lot However, I have not come across the word "Elbow bump" before R4: I knew social distancing, super-spreader Yes, for example from drive-through testing, hot zone, Covidiot, coronacation R5: Well I know quite a lot Except for the word "covidiot", the others I have already come across Q4: In your opinion, what are the assessment criteria for a successful translation? What are your expectations for the translation you will receive as a reader? R1: In my opinion, it needs to be: brief (because the concentration-time of modern people is very low), easy to understand (because people's intellectual level is not uniform), easy to access (because fake news spreads extremely quickly) and unify (to enhance the reputation of medical equipment) As a reader, I wish nothing more than that medical equipment is presented easily to understand and provided with all necessary information For translation of the medical terms used in the writing: Accuracy, coherence, consistency For translation slang words that young people use in everyday life Catchy, Easy to understand, Easy to remember R2: It should be easy to understand, reach many readers My expectation as a reader would be it is easy to understand all information, the messages are not too verbose but well-conveyed 160 R3: In my opinion, a successful translation will meet the following criteria: correctly convey the main message of the original text - brief and concise, the target language is natural, easy to understand to the majority of readers, and accessible to everyone R4: A successful translation needs to be completed and easy to understand so that people of all ages can understand and grasp information I hope that translation can convey all the meaning of the original text as much as possible in the easiest way R5: It should be concise, informative, and easy to understand Q5: After doing the survey, you think there are any words that you not understand? If yes, which word? R1: I feel satisfied with the above translations, showing the translators' investment and effort in research I would rate 9/10 because there is no absolute precision in translation, but the words in the survey are very well translated R2: No R3: No R4: There are: RDT, RT PCR test R5: No Q6: With the translation methods shown in the survey, have the translations met your expectation yet? Can you give a detailed assessment of the words and meanings given in the survey (based on your assessment criteria in question 6) Pros and cons? R1: I am not an expert in the medical field nor someone interested in the medical topic As a normal reader, I have no suggestions for the words and translation of the survey R2: With the translation procedures that I choose, the words have met my expectations as a reader All words are translated in a way that is easy to understand and approach Instead of using academic words, the translation involves common words, so many people easily understand and grasp the meaning But for the 161 unselected ones, the translations are too word-by-word, or not informative enough For example, "5K message" in this case, it is necessary to explain what 5K is, then everyone can understand R3: The target words met my expectations Most of the words in the survey were translated closely with the meaning of the original word, changed the expressions to suit Vietnamese in approaching and easy to understand However, if I were to process the word "RDT", I would translate it as: "Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)" for the first translation to use the word "RDT" for repetitions of this term in the same text R4: I am quite satisfied with the translations of the target words However, some abbreviations are still not translated The strong point is that it comes up with a lot of interesting, emerging words that are helpful for translators R5: They are well-translated The translation is very flexible, with short and concise words, but with words with just a few simple words, it can convey quite enough information Q6: Can the use of translation procedures in the survey be considered as easy to understand, easy to read, easy to access, fulfilling the role of anti-epidemic advocacy and propaganda as mentioned above? R1: In my opinion, the effectiveness of public outreach may not be the same for each target group For example, the elderly will have more access to naturalization(cô-rô-na vi-rút) and the younger will be more suited to transference (coronavirus) It is very difficult to come up with a universal translation, so it is important to consider the most suitable word for the given translation R2: For me, the translation procedures I choose can fulfill its functionality and it is completely understandable to me R3: It meets the above-mentioned requirements R4: It's very easy to understand and effective R5: It is easy to understand and successfully fulfils the role of anti-epidemic advocacy and propaganda 162 Coronavirus (2020, January 10) World Health Organization https://www.who.int/healthtopics/coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2021, June 5) Wikipedia https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2 Mỹ, T (2021, April 20) Từ điển tiếng Anh Collins tìm từ phổ biến năm 2020 Nhịp sống kinh tế Việt Nam & Thế giới https://vneconomy.vn/tu-dien-tieng-anh-collinstim-ra-tu-pho-bien-nhat-nam-2020.htm BBC News Tiếng Việt (2021, April 4) Covid-19: Pháp phong tỏa lần thứ ba số người cần cấp cứu tăng https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese/world-56629363 163 ... figurative meaning” (p 142) Therefore, for their translation, based on Newmark (198 8) if the concept exists in the TL, the translator tends to prefer a recognized translation or through translation In... several implications in translating COVID- 19- inspired neologisms The allocation of translation procedures employed, together with the perception towards the effectiveness of the translation procedure,... 4.2 The allocation of translation procedures used in 37 rendering COVID- 19- related semantic neologisms Figure 4.3 The allocation of translation procedures used in 40 rendering COVID- 19- related neologisms