An empirical study on factors affecting the user acceptance of erp systems focused on small and medium sized enterprises in vietnam = erp 시스템의 사용자 수용 요인에 관한 연구 베트남 중소기업을 대상으로

Thesis for the Degree of Doctor An Empirical Study on Factors Affecting the User Acceptance of ERP Systems - Focused on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Vietnam - ERP 시스템의 사용자 수용 요인에 관한 연구 - 베트남 중소기업을 대상으로 - December 2016 Department of Business Administration Graduate School of Soongsil University Le Thi Minh Duc Thesis for the Degree of Doctor An Empirical Study on Factors Affecting the User Acceptance of ERP Systems - Focused on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Vietnam - ERP 시스템의 사용자 수용 요인에 관한 연구 - 베트남 중소기업을 대상으로 - December 2016 Department of Business Administration Graduate School of Soongsil University Le Thi Minh Duc Thesis for the Degree of Doctor An Empirical Study on Factors Affecting the User Acceptance of ERP Systems A thesis supervisor : Kyeong Seok Han Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor December 2016 Department of Business Administration Graduate School of Soongsil University Le Thi Minh Duc To approve the submitted thesis for the Degree of Doctor by Le Thi Minh Duc Thesis Committee Gwang Yong Gim (signature) Member Jeong Il Choi (signature) Member Tae Ho Ahn (signature) Member Seong Taek Rim (signature) Member Kyeong Seok Han (signature) Chair December 2016 Graduate School of Soongsil University ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The journey to a Ph.D is not a smooth path where one success leads to another yet is rather, a spiral of successes and descents, exhilaration and frustration, unlearning and relearning I have been able to complete this spectacular journey of my life with the support and active cooperation of several individuals and organizations I owe my debt of gratitude and would like to express my appreciation to them I am ever grateful and wish to express my deepest sense of gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Kyeong Seok Han from School of Business Administration, Soongsil University for his invaluable suggestions, sympathetic encouragement, and generous support given to me during the research and academic period I feel delighted and proud to work under his auspicious supervision I would especially like to thank my Doctoral Committee Members and other Professors from Graduate School of Soongsil University, especially Professor Gwang Yong Gim and Professor Jeong Il Choi for their help and sincere advice throughout my research program I also take this opportunity to thank my friends from Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry who assisted me with gathering information on ERP systems and collecting data from ERP users Their willingness to contact and distribute the survey is an essential part of this research I am thankful to all of the participants who graciously volunteered their valuable time and perspectives to my survey and provided sufficient data for the completion of this work I am thankful for the help given by my colleagues from Professor Kyeong Seok Han’s Office, my friends from Soongsil University and the Korean Immigration and Integration Program whose contributions were evident in reading and giving feedback on my thesis as well as lifting my spirit when it was needed most Above all, my heartiest thanks go to my beloved family especially, my parents, for their care, love and support in all aspects of my life All my success will not be possible without my parents’ great patience and encouragement To create a person who I am now, to always be there whenever I need, to raise me beyond what I can be, and to cherish me with all their love, they taught me how to endeavor to reach my goals and dreams I am forever grateful for their sacrifice I recognize the extent of my good fortune in being part of such a gracious family I am truly grateful and words cannot express my appreciation Finally, I would like to offer my sincerest gratitude to the Republic of Korea Government for the sponsorship granting me to achieve my Doctorate Not to forget, many thanks go to my working insalysis of Mediating Effect 100 [Table 5-11] Chi-square Difference Test for Age 104 [Table 5-12] Chi-square Difference Test for Income 106 [Table 5-13] Model Fit Indices of Multi-group Analysis on Income 107 -vi- [Table 5-14] Income-group Hypothesis Comparison 108 [Table 5-15] Chi-square Difference Test for Education Level 112 [Table 5-16] Model Fit Indices of Multi-group Analysis on Education Level 113 [Table 5-17] Education Level-group Hypothesis Comparison 114 [Table 5-18] Chi-square Difference Test for Job Position 116 [Table 5-19] Model Fit Indices of Multi-group Analysis on Job Position 117 [Table 5-20] Job Position-group Hypothesis Comparison 118 [Table 5-21] Chi-square Difference Test for Work Nature 120 -vii- LIST OF FIGURES [Figure 2-1] Technology Acceptance and Technology Adoption 12 [Figure 2-2] Evolution of ERP 15 [Figure 2-3] Vietnam’s ERP Market Share 22 [Figure 2-4] Theory of Reasoned Action 26 [Figure 2-5] Theory of Planned Behavior Model 27 [Figure 2-6] The Technology Acceptance Model 28 [Figure 2-7] Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior 30 [Figure 3-1] Research Model 37 [Figure 4-1] Research Process “Onion” 57 [Figure 5-1] Confirmatory Factor Analysis 86 [Figure 5-2] Structural Equation Modelling 93 [Figure 5-3] Results of Hypothesis Test 99 -viii- ABSTRACT An Empirical Study on Factors Affecting the User Acceptance of ERP Systems - Focused on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Vietnam - LE THI MINH DUC Department of Business Administration Graduate School of Soongsil University In this world of technology, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are widely used by large enterprises for managing functional and operational areas of the enterprise Yet recently this trend is changing as ERP systems have also been introduced to the medium and small enterprise environment ERP systems are now considered an essential enterprise management aid that may contribute to the sustainability and growth of non-large enterprises Enterprises’ efforts to enhance their competitiveness by implementing ERP mostly pivot upon the willingness of their employees to utilize the benefits of ERP Prior research studies on ERP usage have documented mixed evidence that actual usage of systems chiefly reckons on users’ acceptance of the ERP systems Since ERP is highly constructive for any augmenting enterprise, identifying which determinants of ERP systems impact on -ix- the users’ acceptance is critical Although acceptance factors that may affect the acceptance of ERP systems have widely attracted the attention of both academics and practitioners, a limited empirical study has been done to explore the acceptance of ERP systems in the context of medium and small enterprises in the literature Addressing this gap, the overall aim of this research was to examine important antecedents that impact on the acceptance of ERP systems as focusing on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam is a good case in point This study reviewed the literature related to ERP acceptance by users, developed hypotheses to explain the acceptance of ERP users and conduct a survey to test the hypotheses The consultative list of acceptance factors flowing from this study may guide future initiatives aiming to ensure the acceptance of ERP users of SMEs The research model is theoretically founded based on Technology Acceptance Model developed by Davis et al (1989) to illustrate the relationships between the research variables Data obtained from an online survey of 63 SMEs in Vietnam is used to test the effect on ERP acceptance of ERP users A total of 416 responses were gathered from subjects who have had experience on ERP system in their regular work Fourteen uncompleted questionnaires were removed, leaving 402 usable questionnaires Three main data analysis techniques composing of two types of Factor Analysis (Exploratory and Confirmatory), and Structural Equation Modelling were performed to analyze The results revealed that almost proposed acceptance factors positively influenced the user attitude toward using ERP systems directly and indirectly -x- through the two TAM beliefs, except the paths from management support to perceived ease of use and from technical complexity to perceived usefulness, in which personal innovativeness showed the strongest effect, while the perceived usefulness together with user attitude, in turn, enhanced the behavioral intention to use ERP systems Thus, this research provided theoretical and empirical support for the use of managerial interventions to affect the acceptance of technology, since perceived ease of use and usefulness contribute to behavioral intention to use the technology Additionally, income, employees’ position, and work nature were found to have moderating effects in the conceptual framework The findings culled from this research should be of pertinence to SMEs which have already implemented and which intend to implement ERP systems, to ERP vendors and researchers Keywords: Enterprise Resource Planning; User Acceptance; Technology Acceptance Model; Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs); SEM -xi- 국문초록 ERP 시스템의 사용자 수용 요인에 관한 연구 - 베트남 중소기업을 대상으로 - 리띠민덕 경영학과 숭실대학교 대학원 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) 시스템은 대기업에서 기능적 및 운영 적 영역을 관리하기 위해 널리 사용하고 있다 그러나 최근 ERP 시스템 은 중소 기업들에 도입됨에 따라 아래와 같은 추세가 변화하고 있다 이 전의 연구 결과에 따르면 실제 시스템 사용은 주로 사용자가 ERP 시스 템을 수용하는 데에 의존한다 ERP 수용 요소는 학계와 실무자 모두의 주목을 끌어 모았지만 중소 기업의 ERP 시스템에 관한 연구가 거의 없 -xii- 어서 연구할 때 어렵다 중소 가업의 ERP 시스템의 수용을 탐구하기 위 한 제한적인 연구가 수행되었다 이 연구의 목적은 베트남 중소기업을 대상으로 ERP 시스템의 수용에 영향을 미치는 요인을 검토하기 때문이 다 이 연구는 ERP 사용자 수용과 관련된 문헌을 분석을 통해서 ERP 사 용자의 수용을 설명하기 위한 가설을 가정 및 가설을 검증을 하고 조사 를 실시했다 연구 모형은 연구 변수 간의 관계를 설명하기 위해 Davis et al (1989)가 개발 한 Technology Acceptance Model을 기반으로 이론적으로 설립되었다 정규 업무 ERP에 관한 설문조사는 총 416 개의 응답을 수집되었다 불 완전한 설문지 14 개가 삭제됐고 남은 402 개가 분석자료로 사용되었다 결과는 거의 모든 요소가 ERP 시스템을 사용하는 사용자의 태도에 직접 적으로나 간접적으로 TAM에 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다 이 연구는 기술 수용에 영향을 미치는 경영 간섭의 이론적, 경험적 지원을 제공했 다 또한 종업원의 직위, 수익 및 업무 성질에 맞는지 개념적으로 중재 효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다 -xiii- ...Thesis for the Degree of Doctor An Empirical Study on Factors Affecting the User Acceptance of ERP Systems - Focused on Small and Medium- sized Enterprises in Vietnam - ERP 시스템의 사용자 수용 요인에 관한. .. ABSTRACT An Empirical Study on Factors Affecting the User Acceptance of ERP Systems - Focused on Small and Medium- sized Enterprises in Vietnam - LE THI MINH DUC Department of Business Administration... attracted the attention of both academics and practitioners, a limited empirical study has been done to explore the acceptance of ERP systems in the context of medium and small enterprises in the literature