Conceptual metaphor in uncle tom’s cabin from cognitive linguistics perspective

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGE AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES NGÔ CẨM TÚ CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN ―UNCLE TOM’S CABIN‖ FROM COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS PERSPECTIVE Ẩn dụ ý niệm tác phẩm ―Túp lều bác Tôm‖ từ góc nhìn ngơn ngữ học tri nhận MA THESIS Field : English Linguistics Code : 8220201.01 HANOI - 2020 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGE AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES NGÔ CẨM TÚ CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN ―UNCLE TOM’S CABIN‖ FROM COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS PERSPECTIVE Ẩn dụ ý niệm tác phẩm ―Túp lều bác Tôm‖ từ góc nhìn ngơn ngữ học tri nhận MA THESIS Field : English Linguistics Code : 8220201.01 Supervisor : HANOI - 2020 Huynh Anh Tuan, Ph.D DECLARATION I hereby certify my authority of the research submitted entitled ―Conceptual metaphor in Uncle Tom‘s Cabin from cognitive linguistics perspective‖ in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Hanoi, 2020 Ngô Cẩm Tú i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I am in large measure indebted to my supervisor, Dr Huỳnh Anh Tuấn for his constant enthusiastic guidance, detailed suggestions and helpful encouragement without which this study would not have been accomplished I would like to express my sincere thanks to him for his meticulous and intensive comments, constructive criticisms on all the drafts A similar vote of thanks goes to people who have directly or indirectly contributed to the completion of this paper I owe my gratitude to the teachers in the M.A course at University of Languages and International Studies, VNU, whose informative lectures have a great influence on the formation and development of the ideas of my own study Finally, I would also like to thank my colleagues at Thang Long University and my beloved family and friends, who have offered me heartfelt words of encouragement ii ABSTRACT This study aims at exploring the conceptual metaphors generated and investigating how these conceptual metaphors can be categorized in the short story Uncle Tom‘s Cabin‖ by Harriet Beecher Stowe from cognitive linguistics perspective The theory of conceptual metaphor suggested by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Kovecses (2002) is adopted as the analytical framework in this study for my exploring and investigating the generation and categorization of conceptual metaphors in the story 20 conceptual metaphors were found and they can be categorized in various ways depending on how we conceptualize the source domains and the target domains It can be concluded that conceptual metaphors appear in every chapter, every page and event every paragraph of the story, thus confirming Lakoff and Johnson (1980)‘s argument that metaphors are pervasive in our life iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the research 1.2 Aim and objectives of the research 1.3 Research questions .2 1.4 Scope of the research 1.5 Significance of the research 1.6 Structure of the thesis CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .5 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Theoretical background 2.2.1 Cognitive linguistics 2.2.2 Metaphor 10 2.2.3 Conceptual metaphor 12 2.2.4 Types of conceptual metaphors .13 2.2.5 Categorization and elaboration of conceptual metaphors .15 2.3 Summary 16 CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGY 18 3.1 Research questions: 18 3.2 Research approach: Qualitative 18 3.3 Data collections instruments 19 3.4 Data analyzing method and techniques 19 3.4.1 Technique of data generation 20 3.4.2 Technique of data categorization 20 3.5 Data analytical framework 21 iv 3.6 Summary 21 CHAPTER IV - FINDINGS & DISCUSSIONS 22 4.1 FINDINGS 22 4.1.1 The conceptual metaphors generated in the story 22 4.1.2 The categorization of the conceptual metaphors .31 4.2 DISCUSSION .35 CHAPTER V – CONCLUSION 37 5.1 Summary of major findings 37 5.2 Implications for studying, teaching and researching 39 5.3 Limitations of and Suggestions for further research 40 REFERENCES 41 APPENDICES I v CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION This chapter mentions basic information related to the research, including the rationale, aim, objectives, research questions, scope and significance of the research 1.1 Rationale of the research Figurative language in general and metaphor in particular has always been an interesting and inspiring research field Though a large amount of research has been done on metaphor and metaphorical expressions, it still needs further investigation Metaphor plays a very important role not only in language study but also in everyday life, because many metaphorical concepts are used by ordinary people without being recognized or being aware of In Metaphors We live by (George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, 1980) the authors state that ―metaphor is pervasive in everyday life, not just in language but in thought and action‖ Thus, it can be said that metaphor is a powerful tool helping people use and enjoy the use of language To have a thorough look at the matter of metaphor, literature is the best choice Literature can be considered the product of imagination, but it reflects real life The language used in literature is therefore both imaginative and realistic, which means we can examine metaphors in both ―ordinary and extraordinary‖ perspectives Nowhere is figurative language found in such great amount and variety as in literature, and so is a great source of authentic metaphors, which are employed to create imagery and enhance the powerful effect of the language use In fact, a number of researchers have chosen literature as a means of studying language Therefore, in order to study language, the present paper would like to take investigation in conceptual metaphor in literature works Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe (June 14, 1811 - July 1, 1896) was an American author and abolitionist She came from the Beecher family, a famous religious family Stowe wrote thirty books, including novels, three travel memoirs, and collections of articles and letters She was influential both for her writings and for her public stances and debates on social issues She became best known for her best-selling anti-slavery story Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), which depicts the harsh conditions experienced by enslaved African Americans The book reached an audience of millions as a novel or play and became influential in the United States and Great Britain, energizing anti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South The researcher had chances to read the story at least three times since a little child and has a deep feeling about the plot, the meaning as well as characters of the story The story became one of the researcher‘s favorite literary works For all the above reasons, the present paper would like to take an investigation into conceptual metaphors in Uncle Tom‘s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe This study is hoped to contribute something to the research of metaphors in literature and to the teaching and learning foreign literature of students of English 1.2 Aim and objectives of the research This study aims at studying conceptual metaphors in the short story ―Uncle Tom‘s Cabin‖ by Harriet Beecher Stowe from cognitive linguistics perspective Specifically, it aims at exploring the conceptual metaphors generated in the short story and investigating how these conceptual metaphors can be categorized 1.3 Research questions In order to achieve the above aim and objectives, the study tries to seek out the answers to the following research questions: - What conceptual metaphors are generated in the short story? - How can we categorize these conceptual metaphors? The first research question is such formulated on the assumption that conceptual metaphors are pervasive throughout the story and it is the task of the researcher to explore the metaphors generated based on the diversifying linguistic resources utilized in the story Categorization is another crucial issue in cognitive linguistics Conceptual metaphors can be categorized in many different ways based on the researcher‘s understanding, experience and interpretation That is the underlying assumption for the second research question 1.4 Scope of the research The present research takes its basic theoretical background from the works of Lakoff and Johnson (1980), Lakoff and Turner (1989), Lakoff (2006) and some other authors in conceptual metaphor studies The study was conducted on the data of the short story ―Uncle Tom‘s Cabin‖ by Harriet Beecher Stowe Research into conceptual metaphors takes within its strand a variety of issues and perspectives such as frames, image schemas, etc However, within the limited scope of the study, those issues were intended to fall out of the aims of the research Moreover, no specific types of conceptual metaphors were predetermined for the investigation In other words, the whole story was investigated with a view to identifying any conceptual metaphors generated 1.5 Significance of the research Metaphor is one of the most basic phenomena in human language This kind of study has significance not only for investigation into language in use, but also for the research of human mind Beside the theoretical significance, this research also contributes to improve second language teaching and learning This thesis aims to analyze metaphorical saying from perspective of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory in literature works such as short story Uncle Tom‘s Cabin Both theoretical analysis and empirical study are conducted on the research Therefore, it can contribute a part to literature studying 1.6 Structure of the thesis This research comprises five chapters: developing language skills, analyses of literary tropes should be the central part Learners need guidance to discover the power of metaphor, metonymy, simile, personification, euphemism, etc Metaphors can be considered the most challenging but most effective rhetoric method in literature, so they require special consideration Teachers should support students in exploring conceptual metaphors, metaphorical expressions to realize those concepts, how they are created and what they carry Metaphors are often based on common symbolic images like human, fire, life, death, etc, Therefore, learners should be encouraged to discern those symbols and how they are integrated into metaphors In summary teachers should bear the significance and techniques of teaching literary texts to students in their minds Literature is taught not only to provide literary knowledge but also in order for learners to practice the language in the right form and way They need to attach special importance to the study of figurative language to raise awareness of learners about its potential values and the beauty of a literary work 5.3 Limitations of and Suggestions for further research In the present study, the researcher has tried to find out all the conceptual metaphors generated in short story Uncle Tom‘s Cabin However, this research just a minor part in the research of conceptual metaphor In this short paper, although I have tried to cover a lot of phenomenon, but I have not reach to the core of them That is the limitation of the research Therefore, I hope my research can lay a background for the future researches related to conceptual metaphor in Uncle Tom‘s Cabin and other literature works 40 REFERENCES Bendixen, Alfred & Nagel, James (2010) A Companion to the American Short Story UK: Wiley Blackwell Bigsby, Christopher (2006) The Cambridge Companion to Mordern American Culture New York: Cambridge University Press Croft, W & Cruse, D.A (2004) Cognitive Linguistics Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Dornyei, Zoltan (2007) Research Methods in Applied Linguistics Oxford: Oxford University Press Evans, V & Green, M (2006) Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd Finegan, E (2004), Language: Its structure and use USA: Thomson Wadsworth Galperin, I R (1981) Stylistics Moscow: Vyssaja Skola Gibbs, Raymond W Jr (2008) The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought New York: Cambridge University Press Gibbs, R W (1994) The poetics of mind: figurative thought, language, and understanding Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 10 Goatly, Andrew (1997) The Language of Metaphors London and New York: Taylor & Francis Routledge 11 Goatly, Andrew (2007) Washing the Brain Metaphor and Hidden Ideology Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing House 12 Halliday, M.A.K (1994) An Introduction to Functional Grammar London: Edward Arnold 13 Hoàng, D T (2012), Life and Death metaphors in some short stories by Jack London from cognitive perspective MA Thesis, University of Languages and International Studies, VNU 14 Holme, Randal (2004) Mind, Metaphor and Language Teaching New York: Palgrave McMillan 41 15 Kovecses, Zoltan (2002) Metaphor: A Practical Introduction New York: Oxford University Press 16 Kovecses, Zoltan (2010) Metaphor: A Practical Introduction, 2nd New York: Oxford University Press 17 Lakoff, G & Johnson, M (1980) Metaphors We Live By Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press 18 Lakoff, G & Johnson, M (2003) Metaphors We Live By Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press 19 Lakoff, G & Turner, M (1989) More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 20 Lakoff, G & Johnson, M (1993) How Metaphor Gives Meaning to Form, New York: Mc graw-Hill, Inc 21 Lý, T.T (2008) Thử nhìn lại số vấn đề cốt yếu Ngôn ngữ học tri nhận VNU Journal of Science: Social Science and Humanities, 24 22 Missikova, Gabriela (2003) Linguistic Stylistics Nitra: Univerzita Konstantina Filozofa 23 Muller, Cornelia (2008) Metaphors Dead and Alive, Sleeping and Walking Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press 24 Nguyễn, Đ T (2007) Bản chất ẩn dụ Institute of Linguistics: Journal of Language Review, 10 25 Picken, Jonathan D (2007) Literature, Metaphor, and the Foreign Language Learner New York: Palgrave McMillan 26 Phí, T.T.T (2010), A Study of Water and Fire as Metaphors in American and Vietnamese Short Stories of the 20th Century MA Thesis, University of Languages and International Studies, VNU 27 Radden, G & Divren, R (2007) Cognitive English Grammar Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing House 28 Stern, Josef (2000) Metaphor in Context Cambridge and Massachusetts: The MIT Press 42 29 Stefanowitsch, Anatol & Gries, Stefan Th (2006) Corpus-based Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter 30 Talmy, L (2000a) Toward a Cognitive Semantics, Vol I: Concept Structuring System Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 31 Talmy, L (2000b) Toward a Cognitive Semantics, Vol II: Typology and Process in Concept-Structuring Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 32 Thắng, L T (2005) Lý thuyết đại cương đến thực tiễn tiếng Việt Hanoi: Social Sciences Publishing House 33 Trần, V C (2007) Ngôn ngữ học tri nhận: Ghi chép suy nghĩ Social Science Publishing House 34 Trần, V C (2009) Khảo luận ẩn dụ tri nhận Ho Chi Minh: Labor Publishing House 35 Trường, H T (1993) Basic English Lexicology Hanoi: National University Press 36 Updike, John & Kenison, Katrina (2000) The best American Short Stories of the Century Boston and New York: Houghton Fifflin Company 37 Vidović, E (2011) Conceptualization of time and space in fairy tales written during the Victorian period PhD Thesis, University of Rijeka WEBSITES 38 Harriet Beecher Stowe Center https://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org 39 Jamshidian, S & Motlagh, A A (2020) A Cognitive Black Feminist Study of The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead and Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stow Malayer University Available from https://civilica.com/doc/880213/ 40 Meer, S (2014) Minstrelsy and Uncle Tom Available from https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199731 497.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199731497-e-018 43 41 Punter, D (2007) Metaphor: The New Critical Idiom London and New York: Routledge Available from: http://www.4shared.com/document/6WNNEQlI/Metaphor.html 42 Stowe, H.B (1851) Uncle Tom’s Cabin: a Moral battle cry for Freedom Available from https://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org/harriet- beecher-stowe/uncle-toms-cabin/ 43 Stowe, H.B (2006) The Project Gutenberg EBook of Uncle Tom's Cabin EBook 203 Available from https://fb2bookfree.com/uploads/files/2019-06/1561858295_uncle-tomscabin-by-harriet-beecher-stowe.pdf 44 Uncle Tom‘s Cabin Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin 45 Uncle Tom‘s Cabin - Important Quotes Explained Available from https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/uncletom/quotes/ 44 APPENDICES List of Appendices APPENDIX 1: FREEDOM METAPHORS APPENDIX 2: HUMAN BODY METAPHORS APPENDIX 3: LIQUID METAPHORS APPENDIX 4: LOVE METAPHORS APPENDIX 5: LIFE METAPHORS APPENDIX 6: FIRE METAPHORS I APPENDIX 1: FREEDOM METAPHORS No SOURCE TARGET DOMAIN DOMAIN Object Freedom EXAMPLE FREEDOM is an OBJECT ―O, ye who take freedom from man, with what words shall ye answer it to God?‖ ―Well, Tom,‖ said St Clare, the day after he had commenced the legal formalities for his enfranchisement, ―I‘m going to make a free man of you;—so have your trunk packed, and get ready to set out for Kentuck.‖ Container Freedom FREEDOM is CONTAINER So, when you rejoice in your freedom Money Freedom FREEDOM is MONEY So, when you rejoice in your freedom, think that you owe it to that good old soul, and pay it back in kindness to his wife and children II APPENDIX 2: HUMAN BODY METAPHORS No SOURCE DOMAIN TARGET DOMAIN Container Human body EXAMPLE HUMAN BODY is CONTAINER "You're afraid of me, Simon, and you've reason to be But be careful, for I've got the devil in me!" It seemed to her as if strength poured into her in electric streams, from every gentle touch and movement of the sleeping, confiding child Container Heart HUMAN HEART is CONTAINER Those words fell on his heart like clods upon a coffin She seemed to sink, at once, into the bosom of the family, and take the little ones into her heart, as something for which it long had waited Tom‘s heart was full; he poured it out in prayer, like waters that have been long suppressed I ought to know such things, I ought to feel about them! Such things always sunk into my heart; they went down deep; I've thought and thought about them Container Bosom HUMAN BOSOM is CONTAINER ―Is it possible! astonishing! from such a kind family?‖ ―Kind families get in debt, and the laws of our country allow them to sell the child out of its mother’s bosom to pay its master‘s debts,‖ said George, bitterly She seemed to sink, at once, into the bosom of the family, and take the little ones into her heart, as something for which it long had waited Container Breast HUMAN BREAST is CONTAINER All these thoughts were rolling and seething in George’s breast Container Eye HUMAN EYE is CONTAINER III When he hurriedly announced the tidings among his hands, there was a sudden light in Tom’s eye, a sudden upraising of his hands, that did not escape him Good Man MAN is a GOOD ―Never was born,‖ reiterated the creature, more emphatically; ―never had no father nor mother, nor nothin‘ I was raised by a speculator, with lots of others Old Aunt Sue used to take car on us.‖ The child was evidently sincere, and Jane, breaking into a short laugh, said, ―Laws, Missis, there‘s heaps of ‘em Speculators buys ’em up cheap, when they‘s little, and gets ’em raised for market.‖ … actually buying a man up, like a horse,— looking at his teeth, cracking his joints, and trying his paces, and then paying down for him Here, you rascal, you make believe to be so pious,-didn't you never hear, out of your Bible, 'Servants, obey yer masters'? An't I yer master? Didn't I pay down twelve hundred dollars, cash, for all there is inside yer old cussed black shell? An't yer mine, now, body and soul?" If I must be sold, or all the people on the place, and everything go to rack, why, let me be sold I s'pose I can b'ar it as well as any on 'em." It was on his grave, my friends, that I resolved, before God, that I would never own another slave, while it is possible to free him when I have seen such men in actual ownership of helpless children, of young girls and women, I have been ready to curse my country, to curse the human race!" ―Lucy,‖ said the trader, ―your child‘s gone; you may as well know it first as last You see, I know‘d you couldn‘t take him down south; and I got a chance to sell him to a first-rate family, that‘ll raise him better than you can.‖ But I‘m gwine, Mas‘r George,—gwine to have four dollars a week; and Missis is gwine to lay it all up, to buy back my old man agin!‖ ―Whew!‖ said George, ―here‘s a stroke of business, to be sure! IV He sold both those children He took me to ride, one day, and when I came home, they were nowhere to be found! He told me he had sold them; he showed me the money, the price of their blood ―I‘ve had a sister sold in that New Orleans market I know what they are sold for; and am I going to stand by and see them take my wife and sell her, when God has given me a pair of strong arms to defend her? ―Is it possible! astonishing! from such a kind family?‖ ―Kind families get in debt, and the laws of our country allow them to sell the child out of its mother‘s bosom to pay its master’s debts,‖ said George, bitterly He suddenly stretched himself up, and, looking earnestly to heaven, while the tears and blood that flowed down his face mingled, he exclaimed, ―No! no! no! my soul an’t yours, Mas‘r! You haven’t bought it,—ye can’t buy it! It’s been bought and paid for, by one that is able to keep it;—no matter, no matter, you can‘t harm me!‖ I am George Harris A Mr Harris, of Kentucky, did call me his property But now I‘m a free man, standing on God‘s free soil; and my wife and my child I claim as mine Human Sleep SLEEP is HUMAN It seemed to her as if strength poured into her in electric streams, from every gentle touch and movement of the sleeping, confiding child Human Time TIME IS AN HUMAN In that dizzy moment her feet to her scarce seemed to touch the ground, and a moment brought her to the water‘s edge Human Soul SOUL IS AN HUMAN And Tom did pray, with all his mind and strength, for the soul that was passing,—the soul that seemed looking so steadily and mournfully from those large, melancholy blue eyes V Tom gazed, in awe and wonder, at the majestic patience of the face; the deep, pathetic eyes thrilled him to his inmost heart; his soul woke, as, with floods of emotion, he stretched out his hands and fell upon his knees, There was one hesitating pause, - one irresolute, relenting thrill, -and the spirit of evil came back, with seven-fold vehemence; and Legree, foaming with rage, smote his victim to the ground 10 Human Disease DISEASE is a HUMAN She was from New England and knew well the first guileful footsteps of that soft, insidious disease, which sweeps away so many of the fairest and loveliest, and, before one fibre of life seems broken, seals them irrevocably for death 11 Human Fire FIRE is HUMAN Mrs Shelby was seated in her comfortable parlor, where a cheerful hickory fire was dispelling the chill of the late autumn evening How long Tom lay there, he knew not When he came to himself, the fire was gone out, his clothes were wet with the chill and drenching dews VI APPENDIX 3: LIQUID METAPHORS No SOURCE TARGET DOMAIN DOMAIN Liquid Strength EXAMPLE STRENGTH is LIQUID It seemed to her as if strength poured into her in electric streams, from every gentle touch and movement of the sleeping, confiding child Liquid Thought THOUGHT is LIQUID All these thoughts were rolling and seething in George‘s breast Liquid Language LANGUAGE is LIQUID The atheistic taunts of his cruel master sunk his before dejected soul to the lowest ebb; Tom‘s heart was full; he poured it out in prayer, like waters that have been long suppressed Love Liquid LOVE is LIQUID Indeed, her love seemed to flow more naturally to the little Eliza than to her own daughter VII APPENDIX 4: LOVE METAPHORS No SOURCE DOMAIN TARGET DOMAIN Maternal Love WROUGHT IRON EXAMPLE Maternal Love is WROUGHT IRON But stronger than all was maternal love, wrought into a paroxysm of frenzy by the near approach of a fearful danger Maternal Love Fire Maternal Love is FIRE But stronger than all was maternal love, wrought into a paroxysm of frenzy by the near approach of a fearful danger Love Liquid LOVE is LIQUID Indeed, her love seemed to flow more naturally to the little Eliza than to her own daughter VIII APPENDIX 5: LIFE METAPHORS No SOURCE TARGET DOMAIN DOMAIN Food Life EXAMPLE LIFE is FOOD "Yes Eliza, it's all misery, misery, misery! My life is bitter as wormwood; the very life is burning out of me Fire Life LIFE is FIRE "Yes Eliza, it's all misery, misery, misery! My life is bitter as wormwood; the very life is burning out of me IX APPENDIX 6: FIRE METAPHORS No SOURCE TARGET DOMAIN DOMAIN Fire Thirst EXAMPLE THIRST is FIRE The night was damp and close, and the thick air swarmed with myriads of mosquitos, which increased the restless torture of his wounds; whilst a burning thirst—a torture beyond all others— filled up the uttermost measure of physical anguish Fire Anger HUMAN FEELING is FIRE When Legree brought Emmeline to the house, all the smouldering embers of womanly feeling flashed up in the worn heart of Cassy, and she took part with the girl; and a fierce quarrel ensued between her and Legree Fire Maternal Love MATERNAL LOVE is FIRE But stronger than all was maternal love, wrought into a paroxysm of frenzy by the near approach of a fearful danger Fire Life LIFE is FIRE "Yes Eliza, it's all misery, misery, misery! My life is bitter as wormwood; the very life is burning out of me Human Fire FIRE is HUMAN Mrs Shelby was seated in her comfortable parlor, where a cheerful hickory fire was dispelling the chill of the late autumn evening How long Tom lay there, he knew not When he came to himself, the fire was gone out, his clothes were wet with the chill and drenching dews X ... defining our everyday realities In cognitive linguistics, metaphor is defined as understanding one conceptual domain in terms of another conceptual domain According to Lakoff (1993), ―The metaphor. .. exploring the conceptual metaphors generated and investigating how these conceptual metaphors can be categorized in the short story Uncle Tom‘s Cabin? ?? by Harriet Beecher Stowe from cognitive linguistics. .. Based on cognitive linguistics, another point of view emerged, defining metaphor as ―understanding one conceptual domain in terms of another conceptual domain‖ (Kovecses, 2002) Similarly, in Metaphor