Lấy tân ngữ ở câu chủ động ra làm chủ ngữ ở câu bị động.. Thêm động từ “to be”, nhưng phải cùng thì với câu chủ động.[r]
(1)UNIT 2: CLOTHING – VOCABULARY Listen and read - clothing (n): trang phục, áo quần - prefer + to V (v): thích … - century (n): kỷ - convenient (adj): tiện lợi - poet (n): nhà thơ - fashion (n): thời trang - writer (n): nhà văn - designer (n): nhà thiết kế - musician (n): nhạc sĩ - change (v): thay đổi - poem (n): bài thơ - print (v): in, in dấu, in hoa - novel (n): tiểu thuyết - lines of poetry (n): dòng thơ - traditional (adj): tính truyền thống - so (adv): vì thế, vì - dress (n): trang phục - fashionable (adj): tính thời trang - woman → women (n): phụ nữ - inspiration (n): nguồn cảm hứng - tunic (n): áo dài thắt ngang lưng - ethnic minority (n): dân tộc thiểu số - slit (v): chẻ, cắt - symbol (n): biểu tượng - side (n): phía, cánh - cross (n): hình chữ thập - loose (adj): lỏng, không chặt - stripe (n): sọc, viền - pants (n): quần - add (v): thêm vào - frequently (adv): thường xuyên - pattern (n): mẫu hình, hoa văn - both … and … … và … - continue (v): tiếp tục - man → men (n): đàn ông - unique (adj): độc nhất, - design (n): thiết kế - subject (n): chủ đề - material (n): chất liệu - describe (v): mô tả, miêu tả - nowadays (adv): ngày - majority (n): phần lớn, đa số - special (adj): đặc biệt - modernize (v): đại hóa - occasion (n): dịp - another (adj): … khác - however (adv): nhiên - alternative (n): thay Speak - a colorful T-shirt (n): áo thun nhiều màu - survey (n): khảo sát, khảo sát - a plaid skirt (n): váy sọc carô - interview (v): vấn - a plain suit (n): comlê trơn - member (n): thành viên - s short-sleeved blouse (n): áo tay ngắn - group (n): nhóm - a sleeveless sweater (n): áo len không ống tay - favorite (adj): ưa thích - a striped shirt (n): áo sơ mi sọc - type (n): loại - baggy pants (n): quần tây ống rộng - comfortable (adj): thoải mái - faded jeans (n): quần jean bạc màu - color (n): màu sắc - blue shorts (n): quần đùi màu xanh - uniform (n): đồng phục - section (n): mục, khu vực Listen - public (adj): công cộng - blouse (n): áo (2) - announcement (n): thông báo - a pair of shoes (n): đôi giày - a lost little girl (n): bé gái lạc - brown (adj): màu nâu - attention (n): chú ý - carry (v): mang - report (v): báo cáo, tường trình - large (adj): lớn, to - main (adj): chính - doll (n): búp bê - entrance (n): lối vào - bring (v): đưa lại - short dark hair (n): mái tóc đen ngắn - information desk (n): quầy thông tin Read - be named after đặt theo tên … - become (v): trở thành - sailor (n): thủy thủ - high fashion thời trang cao cấp - jean cloth (n): đồ jean - famous (adj): tiếng - completely (adv): hoàn toàn - label (n): nhãn hiệu - cotton (n): sợi cotton - sale (n): việc bán - strong (adj): chắc, bền, khỏe - go up = increase (v): tăng lên, gia tăng - wear out (v): rách, hư mòn - worldwide (adv): toàn cầu - easily (adv): cách dễ dàng - economic (adj): thuộc kinh tế - university, college trường đại học - situation (n): bối cảnh, tình hình - style (n): mẫu, kiểu, - get worse trở nên tồi tệ - match (v): phù hợp với - out of fashion lỗi mốt, lạc hậu - embroidered jeans (n): quần jean thêu - young generation (n): hệ trẻ - painted jeans (n): quần jean vẽ - be fond of + V-ing thích - so on vân vân … - date (n): ngày tháng - cheaper rẻ - could hardly + V không, khó có thể - finally (adv): cuối cùng - at last cuối cùng Write - present (v): giới thiệu, trình bày - in conclusion sau cùng, cuối cùng - argument (n): tranh luận - encourage (v): động viên, khuyến khích - persuade (v): thuyết phục - be proud of tự hào - reader (n): người đọc - bear (v): mang - organization (n): tổ chức - equal (adj): công bằng, bình đẳng - introduction (n): giới thiệu - rich >< poor nghèo - let (v): cho phép, để - practical (adj): thiết thực, thực tế - point of view (n): quan điểm - think of (v): nghĩ - opinion (n): ý kiến - necessary (adj): cần thiết - series (n): chuỗi - support (v): ủng hộ - logical (adj): hợp lý, có lôgic - casual clothes (n): thường phục - paragraph (n): đoạn, đoạn văn - freedom (n): tự - possible (adj): có thể - choice (n): lựa chọn - conclusion (n): kết luận - self-confident (adj): tự tin - sum up (v): tổng kết, kết luận, tóm tắt - lively (adj): sinh động, sống động (3) - therefore (adv): đó, vì Language focus - lovely (adj): đáng yêu, dễ thương - volleyball (n): bóng chuyền - how long bao lâu - elephant (n): voi - for + khoảng time … - durian (n): sầu riêng - recently (adv) = lately: gần đây - bottle (n): chai - since + mốc time từ … - champagne (n): sâm banh - move (v): chuyển, di chuyển - department store (n): cửa hàng bách hóa tổng hợp - sight (n): phong cảnh, cảnh - carefully (adv): cách cẩn thận - pagoda (n): chùa - solve (v): giải - Reunification Palace (n): Dinh Thống Nhất - problem (n): vấn đề - vegetarian (n): thức ăn chay - experiment (n): thí nghiệm - Zoo and Botanical Gardens Thảo Cầm Viên - animal (n): động vật (n) Công viên giải trí - might + V có thể - amusement park (n): đã, - planet (n): hành tinh - already (adv): chưa - improve (v): cải thiện - yet (adv): truyện tranh - bridge (n): cây cầu - comic (n): PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG) Quy tắc: Active: S + V Pasive: S EX: + O + be + P P ( V3/Ved ) + by O Lan buys this book in a bookstore → This book is bought in a bookstore by Lan Lấy tân ngữ câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ câu bị động Thêm động từ “to be”, phải cùng thì với câu chủ động Đưa động từ (V) câu chủ động xuống, phải dạng P.P Đưa S câu chủ động xuống làm O cho câu bị động, trước nó có “by” Lưu ý: - Trạng từ thời gian đặt cuối câu Trạng từ nơi chốn đặt trước “by” - Nếu sau “by” là đại từ nhân xưng ( them, you, me, …) people, someone, everyone, … ta có thể bỏ Tense Hiện Đơn Quá khứ Đơn Hiện Tiếp diễn ACTIVE S + V/Vs, es + O S + Ved/V2 + O S + is/am/are + Ving + O PASSIVE S + is/ am are + P P S + was/ were + P P S + is/ am/ are + being + P P (4) Quá khứ Tiếp diễn Hiện Hoàn thành Quá khứ Hoàn thành Tương lai Đơn Modal Verbs (*) S + was/were + Ving + O S + has/have + P.P + O S + had + P.P + O S + will/ shall + V + O S + Modal Verb + V + O S S S S S + was/ were + being + P P + has/ have + been + P P + had + been + P P + will/ shall + be + P P + Modal Verb + be + P P (*) can, could, may, might, should, ought to, must, has to, have to, had to, … (used to, be going to, …) + V EXERCISES: They will hold the meeting before May Day → The meeting …………………………………………………………………………………………… Somebody has taken some of my books away → Some ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… They have to repair the engine of the car → The engine ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They may use this room for the classroom → This room ………………………………………………………………………………………………… The teacher is going to tell a story → A story …………………………………………………………………………………………………… The boy can’t solve this problem → This problem …………………………………………………………………………………………… John used to visit his parents at weekends → His ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… They use milk for making butter and cheese → Milk ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… They have provided the victims with food and clothing → The victims …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 People speak English in most every corner of the world → English ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 The students are writing the lessons now → …………………………………………………………………………………………….……………… 12 Her teacher taught her how to apply this theory → ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 No one believes his story → ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 The teacher gave each of them two exercise books → ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 Someone will tell him that news → ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 A group of students have met their friend at the railway station → ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home → ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (5) 18 The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow → ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 This well-known library attracts many people → ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 All students attended the meeting → ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 He can’t repair my bike → ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22 Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock → ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 Mr Smith has taught us French for years → ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (6) I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest : A life B wife C mine D dinner A this B there C think D though A invited B visited C wished D rested II Choose the word in each line that has different stress pattern : A occasion B pagoda C embroider D comfortable A business B departure C arrival D convenient III Choose A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences : The Ao dai is the dress of Vietnamese women A casual B beautiful C traditional D baggy Some designers have _ the Ao dai by printing lines of poetry on it A modernized B modernize C modern D modernly This jacket is the kind of things I want Can I _ ? A wear it B dress it C take it off D try it on The washing instructions for this shirt are given in the _ A label B badge C notice D mark 10 The national dress of Japanese women is A Ao dai B Sari C Jeans D Kimono 11 We have lived in this city _ 1999 A for B since C ago D in 12 _ French with native people yet ? A Did you learn B were you learning C you learn D have you learnt 13 Is this the second time you a car ? A drive B drove C have driven D are driving 14 David _ in London A is born B will born C born D was born 15 When _ ? - In 1980 A is the church built B was the church built C did the church build D has the church been built 16 No one knows why the man _ A killed B kills C is killed D was killed 17 The students _ to smoke A don’t allow B are allowed C doesn’t allow D aren’t allowed (7) 18 VietNam into three regions : the North, the Center and the South A divides B divided C is divided D are divided 19 Millions of books _ out of this bookstore every year A sell B was sold C have sold D are sold 20 No decision _ until now A is made B was made C is being made D has been made 21 The washing machine _ for over ten years A is used B has been used C was used D is being used 22 The famous picture carefully by the security guards A keeps B has been kept C is keeping D kept 23 My mother asked me to clean the house, it had to before my mother came home A clean B is cleaned C be clean D be cleaned 24 The report must right now A be finished B is finished C finish D be finish 25 Smoking _ in public A should prohibit B is prohibit C prohibits D should be prohibited IV Read the text and choose the best answer to complete each sentences below : A young man from Germany named Levi Strauss arrived in California in 1850 He went there to sell things to the miners He saw that the miners needed strong pants, so he began to make them He used cloth that people made tents from He put rivets on the pockets to make them strong because the men put rocks in their pockets These pants were very strong and lasted a long time The pants became very popular immediately Later Mr Strauss started making Jeans from cotton cloth from Nimes, France People called this cloth denim Denim was popular in the fifteenth century Christopher Columbus used denim for the sails of his ship Sailors in Genoa, Italy, wore denim pants The word “Jeans” comes from the words “Genoa” Mr Strauss made the first Jeans in the United States, but the idea and the kind of cloth came from Europe The name came from France and Italy Jeans were always blue until presently People used indigo (thuoác nhoäm maøu chaøm) to dye (nhuoäm) them Indigo is the oldest dye in the world Most Jeans have blue threads going across and white threads going up and down These two colors make denim look different from other kinds of cloth 26 The word denim comes from the name of a city in _ A France B India C Italy D Germany 27 The word jeans is from the name of a city in _ (8) A France B The United States C Italy D Germany 28 Levi Strauss went to California to A sell things to miners B look for gold C make jeans D be a sailor 29 Rivets _ A make good sails B make tents strong C come from Genoa D make the pockets of jeans strong 30 Cloth is made from thousands of _ A tents B sails C factories D threads (cotton, wool) V Choose the best answer to complete each sentence 31 “Does Mike dress well ?” “ _is not important” A A person wears B What does a person wear C What a person wears D What a person wear 32 “I miss my brother very much” “ him lately ? ” A Can’t you see B Haven’t you seen C Do you see D Would you see 33 My uncle John A is just made manager of the firm B has just made manager of the firm C has just been made the manager of the firm D has just been making manager of the firm 34 “ He couldn’t repair the broken vase” means _ A The broken vase couldn’t repair B The broken vase couldn’t be repair C The broken vase could be repaired D The broken vase couldn’t be repaired 35 “ Someone must meet him at the railway station “ means _ A he must be at the railway station B he must be meet at the railway station C he must have been met at the railway station D he must be met at the railway station VI Circle the correct sentence (A, B, C or D) made from the suggested words 36 there / many /jeans / are / in /my /store /clothing A There many jeans are in my clothing store B There are many jeans in my clothing store C Many jeans are there in my clothing store D In my clothing store are many jeans there 37 haven’t / Sue / we/ a / time / seen / for / long / A Sue haven’t seen we for a long time B We haven’t seen Sue for a time long C We haven’t seen Sue for long a time D We haven’t seen Sue for a long time 38 their / not / Browns / moved / flat / have / the / into / new / yet / (9) A Browns have not moved into the new their flat yet B The Browns have not moved into their new flat yet C The Browns have not moved yet into their new flat D The Browns not have moved into their new flat yet 39 being / it / that / unsafe / block / down /of / because / is / flats / pulled / is / A That block of flats is being pulled down because it is unsafe B That block is being pulled down because it is unsafe of flats C It is unsafe because that block of flats is being down pulled D That block of flats is pulled down because it is being unsafe 40 years /she / every / on /problem / the /three /last /for / spent /of / life /this / her /has / minute / A For the last three years, she has spent this problem on every minute of her life B For every three years, she has spent the last minute of her life on this problem C For the last three years, she has spent every minute of her life on this problem D For the three years, she last has spent every minute of her life on this problem THE END (10)