Reported speech: Dùng để tường thuật lại một lời nói S + said/ told that S + trợ ĐT + V + O say to someone # tell someone lùi về một thì Dùng để tường thuật lại một yêu cầu, đề nghị,[r]
(1)PHẦN I : NGỮ PHÁP ÔN THI ANH I TENSES ( CÁC THÌ ) THÌ CÔNG THỨC To be: S + am/is/are + ĐT thường : +) S + Vbare /Vs/ es + -) S + don't/doesn't + Vbare ?) Do/ Does + S + Vbare ? DẤU HIỆU - always, usually, often, seldom, rarely, scarcely, never, sometimes, regularly, - every + N (t/g):every day, every HTĐ week, every month, … - số lần + N (t/g): once a week, twice a month, three times a year, … How often; Hành động thật, thói quen; Động từ cảm giác, nhận thức, sở hữu ta luôn dùng thì đơn, không dùng thì tiếp diễn S+ am/is/are + Ving + now, right now, at present, at this time, at this moment; today HTTD S+ am/is/are +not + Ving + - Đầu câu có: Listen!; Look! Be quiet ! Hurry up! Is / Are +S + Ving +… ? - Trả lời cho câu hỏi: Where +tobe + S ? - S + tobe + becoming/ getting + so sánh - S + tobe + always + V-ing => phàn nàn, than phiền +) S + has/have +Vpp +… - just, recently, lately, already, before, ever, until now, so far, -) S + have/ has +not + Vpp never* - số lần: once, twice, three times, several times, … HTHT ?) Have/ Has+ S + Vpp + ? - since + mốc thời gian ( HTHT + since + QKĐ ) ( Vpp = Ved / V cột ) - for + khoảng t/g: for two hours, for a month, for a long time, for ages, …… - not … yet - how long………… ? - Hành động đã xảy , không có thời gian cụ thể To be: S +was/were +…… -yesterday, in the past - since + S + V(QKĐ) V thường: S + V2/Ved +… - last + N (t/g) : last night, last week, last month, last year,… QKĐ -) S + didn't + V bare - t/g + ago : two days ago, three months ago, a year ago,… ?) Did + S + Vbare ? - in + t/g QK: in 2001, in 1996, in 1975,… +) S + was/were + Ving + … - at + t/g QK, at this time + t/g QK, at that moment QKTD -) S +was/ were + not + Ving - from to + t/g QK ?) Was/ Were + S + Ving ? - QKĐ / QKTD + while + QKTD ; QKTD + when + QKĐ S + will/shall +Vbare + … tomorrow, after tomorrow, in the future; soon; later, someday S + will/shall +not + Vbare - next + N (t/g): next week, next month, next year,… TLĐ will/shall + S + Vbare + ….? - in + t/g TL: in 2010, 2012,… Đầu câu có: Don't worry! ( won't = will not ) * TLĐ + when / until / till / as soon as + HTĐ S1 + hope/ think/ promise ( hứa ) + S2 + TLĐ TLG S + be + going to + Vbare - - tomorrow, after tomorrow, in the future; S + be +not+going to +Vbare - next + N (t/g): next week, next month, next year,… Be + S + going to + Vbare ? - This + t/g tương lai; ( be = is / am/ are ) Diễn tả dự định, kế hoạch tương lai dự đoán II REPORTED SPEECH ( CÂU GIÁN TIẾP ) Ttường thuật lại lời nói: S + said/ told ( that ) S + ( trợ ĐT) + V + O ( say to + O # tell + O ) lùi thì Dùng để tường thuật lại yêu cầu, đề nghị, lời khuyên S + told / asked/ advised / warned/ + O +( not) + to + V(bare) Cho câu hỏi nghi vấn S + asked + O + if / whether + S + ( trợ ĐT ) + V + O mệnh đề lùi thì Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi S + asked + O + wh + S + ( trợ ĐT ) + V + O mệnh đề lùi thì ( will-> would; can -> could, is/am/are -> was/ were; have/has -> had; don’t/ doesn’t -> didn’t; must/ have to => had to; this-> that; these => those; here -> there; now -> then; today -> that day ; tomorrow -> the following/ next day III PASSIVE VOICE Câu bị động là câu mà chủ ngữ không làm chủ hành động Active: S + ( Aux ) + V + O + …… (2) => Passive: S + ( Aux) + be + Pc3/ed + ( by O) + …… HTĐ: -> am/is/are + VP2 HTTD: > am/is/are + being + Vp2 HTHT: > has/have + been + Vp2 QKĐ: -> was/were + Vp2 QKTD: > was/were + being + Vp2 QKHT: > had + been + Vp2 TLĐ: -> will/shall + be + Vp2 TLG: S + Is/ am/ are + going to + be + Vp2 Modal verbs: S + ĐTKT + be + V p2 ( can/could /would/should may /might / must /ought to/ have to ) 10 Ms trường hợp đặc biệt: - used to + V1 -> used to + be + Vp2 - need + Ving / need + to be +VP2 IV “WISH” SENTENCES : Câu ước C âu ước cho điều tương lai : S1 +wish / wishes + S2 + would/could + Vbare +… Câu ước cho điều S1 +wish/ wishes + S2 + V(QKBT ) +… ( be -> were : tất các chủ ngử ) V CONDITIONAL SENTENSES Loại 1: Có thể xay tương lai : If + S +V(HTĐ) + … , S + will/can + Vbare + … Loại 2: Không có thật : If + S +V(QKBT) + … , S + would/could + Vbare + … (be -> were) VI RELATIVES : MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ WHO: thay cho danh từ/ đại từ người làm chủ ngử N( người ) + who + (aux ) / V + … WHOM: thay cho danh từ người làm tân ngử N( người ) + whom + S + V + … WHICH: thay cho danh từ vật làm chủ ngử tân ngử N(vät) + which + ( S ) / V + … THAT: sử dụng thay cho who, whom và which “That” không dùng sau các danh từ đã rỏ nghĩa, sau dấu phẩy và giới từ * THAT: Phải dùng sau các trường hợp sau: a) Khi N đứng trước gồm người và vật b) Khi N đứng trước có các từ như: no, some, only, not, such, first, second, c) Khi N đứng trước có tính từ so sánh : This is the best film that I’ve seen WHOSE + N: thay cho tính từ sở hửu như: his, her, their, its VII ADVERB CLAUSE: MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ BECAUSE/ AS / SINCE : vì - because / as / since + S + V + …… = because of + Ving / cụm danh từ ALTHOUGH/ THOUGH/ EVEN THOUGH: MẶC DÙ - Though / Although/ Even though + S + V + … - Inspite of / Despite + Ving / N phrase So: nên, vì : Mệnh đề chính + , so + mệnh đề kết VIII COMPARISON : câu so sánh So sánh bằng: S1 + tobe + as + adj + as + S2 + (tobe ) S1+ V + as + adv + as + S2 + (aux ) So sánh - adj /adv ngắn : S1 + tobe/ V + adj / adv +ER + than + S2 - adj/adv daøi: S1 + tobe/ V + more + adj / adv + than + S2 So sánh - adj/adv ngắn: S1 +tobe / V + the + adj/ adv +EST +( N ) … - adj/adv dài: S1 +tobe/ V + the + most + adj/ adv + (N ) … ADJ/ADV SO SÁNH BẤT QUY TẮC (3) good/well -> better -> the best bad/badly -> worse -> the worst many/much -> more -> the most far -> farther/further -> the farthest/ the furthest little -> less -> the least The same as (giống với ) >< different from ( khác với) IX Câu hỏi đuôi (Tag – Questions) Let’s go to London next week, shall we ? Let’s + V(inf) , shall we? You shouldn’t have told me, should you? Jim hasn’t been waiting long, has he? You won’t tell anyone about this, will you? You’re not doing what I told you, are you? Lan worked in this facrory, didn’t you? George can’t drive a car, can he? You’ve got to leave now, haven’t you? Câu mệnh lệnh : - Có phần đuôi là “won’t you?” diển đạt lời mời: Take your seat, won’t you? - Có phần đuôi là “will you?” diển đạt lời đề nghị, y/c: - Open the door, will you? 10 Phần đuôi “I am” là “aren’t I?” X SO/ SUCH : S1 + tobe/ V + so + adj/adv + that +S2 + … (quá … mà…) S1 + tobe/ V + such + (a/an) + adj + N + that …(quá … mà …) XI VERB FORMS (Vbare / Vp2 / Ving / to V) S + have + O(người) + Vbare … => S + have + O(vật ) + Vp2 … ( by O ) S + modal verb + Vbare ( can, should, must, may, might, ought to, have to, ) S + get + O(người) + to V … => S + get + O(vật) + Vp2 … ( by O ) S+ let/ make / help + O + Vbare S +would like + to + V(inf) = S’d like S + used to + V ( bare) # S + be/ get used to + V-ing in order to/ So as to + V(inf) để / nhằm để Do you mind if I + V(bare ) ? ex Do you mind if I take some photos ? Would you mind if I + V(QKĐ) ? 10 Sau các động từ : want, need, decide, try, start , hope, promise + “to V” 11 S + tobe + adj + to V( inf) eg: He is stupid to like that 12 It + tobe + adj + to V( inf ) 13 S1 + tobe/ V + too +adj/adv + (for + O) + to V …( quá … để ) S1 + tobe/ V + adj/adv + enough +(for + O) + to V … (… đủ … để …) 14 S + tell/ ask/ advise/ warn + O + to V * GERUND (Ving) Sau các động từ : suggest, mind, keep, go, practice, avoid, finish, admit, advise, allow, consider, call, delay, deny, fancy, feel like, imagine, involve, permit, postpone, quit, risk, a) Sau các giới từ (at, on, of, in, by, to, for, with, without, … ): Prep + Ving b) S + like/dislike/enjoy/ hate/ stop/love +Ving -S + prefer + N1/ Ving+ to + N2/ Ving c) S + suggest + Ving S + suggest that + S + should + V(inf) d, Do/Would you mind + Ving ? * IT TAKES It +take (someone) + time + to something = S + spend + time + doing something * RATHER/ BETTER would rather + Vbare : thích had better + Vbare: nên PRACTICE Look! The birds ( fly ) in a very straight line She usually ( wear ) Jeans, but today she ( wear ) loose pants (4) The weather ( become ) colder and colder, so I want ( buy ) one more new warm coat The Red river ( flow ) to the Pacific Ocean ? We ( go ) out when the rain stops Typhoons usually ( occur ) in autumn in our country Don't worry! We ( come ) to visit you soon How long you ( know ) Miss Chi? – I ( know ) .her for five years 10 Your dog ever ( bite ) anyone ? – Yes, he ( bite ) a policeman last week 11 We ( not/ see) .her since we ( be ) on holiday in Ha Long bay 12 My father ( read ) now He always ( read) a book after dinner 13 A friend of my brother’s ( call ) him last night, but he ( not/ be) at home So I (take ) a message for him 14 Are you busy this evening ? – Yes, I ( meet ) Tuan at the library at seven We ( study) together 15 Mai ( telephone) you when she comes back 16 Phuong ( not/ finish) her homework yet 17 Would you like some coffee? I just ( make ) some 18 She ( feed ) the cat yet ? – Yes She ( feed ) it an hour ago 19 He ( cut ) my hair too short – Don’t worry It ( grow ) again very quickly 20 I (not/ go) out this evening I ( stay) at home 21 The film ( begin ) at 7.30 or 8.00 ? 22 You ( be ) away ? – Yes I ( go ) to the country last Sunday 23 They just ( phone ) to say that they ( not come ) back till Friday night 24 My uncle ( not/ visit ) us since he ( move ) to the new town 25 It ( get ) hotter and hotter in June 26 The movie ( start ) at 8.15 this evening 27 We already ( finish) the first semester exams 28 We (have ) a party next Sunday Would you like ( come ) ? 29 While my sister and I ( watch ) a movie on TV lastnight, our uncle in the USA ( phone ) 30 Ha Long Bay in Viet Nam ( be ) a World Heritage Site It ( visit) by millions of people every year 31 Jim ( give ) me a nice doll last saturday 32 You ( ever/ try ) Chinese food ? 33 People ( grow ) a lot of rice in Viet Nam 34 I ( listen ) to the radio when the bell ( ring ) lastnight 35 Lan is a romantic girl She loves ( walk ) in the rain 36 Dad, I promise I ( keep ) my notebooks clean 37 You ( be ) in class 9B ? - No I ( be ) in class 9A 38 When you last ( phone ) him ? - Some weeks ago.I 39 I ( begin ) to study English when I ( be ) eight years old 40 She ( see ) this film before 41 Hurry up The bus ( come ) I (not/ want ) .to miss it 42 Be quiet! The baby ( sleep ) 43 I ( come ) back soon 44 He ( phone ) you later 45 Listen! Someone ( sing ) in that room 46 I ( not/ have ) a good night sleep for a long time I now ( feel ) very tired 47 This time last Monday we ( take ) the final test (5) 48 When we last ( see ) her, she ( be ) in a good health 49 Tom is untidy He always (leave ) his things all over the place 50 I went (swim ) with my classmates yesterday afternoon Types of exercises : "Rewriting" Lesson 1: Structures for rewriting + futher practice ( passive + reported speech + wish and conditional sentences ) A Grammar: Passive Active: S + V + O + …… => Passive: S + be + P2/ed + (by O) + …… Reported speech: Dùng để tường thuật lại lời nói S + said/ told ( that ) S + ( trợ ĐT) + V + O say to someone # tell someone ) lùi thì Dùng để tường thuật lại yêu cầu, đề nghị, lời khuyên S + told / asked/ advised / warned/ + O +( not) + to + V(bare) Ttường thuật lại câu hỏi nghi vấn S + asked + O + if / whether + S + ( trợ ĐT ) + V + O mệnh đề lùi thì Ttường thuật lại câu hỏi có từ để hỏi S + asked + O + wh + S + ( trợ ĐT ) + V + O mệnh đề lùi thì “WISH” CLAUSE C âu ước cho điều tương lai : S1 +wish / wishes + S2 + would/could + Vbare +… eg: I wish I would become a famous singer ( in the future ) Câu ước cho điều S1 +wish/ wishes + S2 + V(QKBT ) +… (be -> were : cho tất các chủ ngử ) eg: I wish I were a famous singer ( now ) ( (6)