Nói cách khác, lời nói gián tiếp là câu tường thuật từ lời nói trực tiếp dưới một dạng khác, bao gồm một số thay đổi về THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ, TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ NƠI CHỐN, THỜI GIANtùy trường hợp và[r]
(1)UNIT 3: WAYS OF SOCIALIZING PART 1: VOCABULARY: Exercise Hãy điền vào các ô trống các từ loại còn lại (nếu có) từ các từ cho sẵn sau đây: (Phần này HS nhà chuẩn bị trước vào học reading, speaking,… GV tô màu trắng cho các chữ màu đỏ, in cho HS làm và xem trước) Noun attention verbalization communication probability Adjective attentive verbal communicative probable Adverb attentively verbally communicatively probably Verb to attend to verbalize to communicate to wave signal situation to get off to jump up and down obviousness appropriation choice slightness assistance whistle obvious appropriate obviously appropriately slight slightly rudeness rude rudely socialization social socially informality briefness nod approach acceptance informal brief informally briefly to choose to assist to whistle to clap hands acceptable acceptably to socialize to nod to approach to accept to attract someone’s attention to get someone’s attention to catch someone’s eye compliment terrific terrible terrifically terribly decent decently suitable suitably to handle badminton response expensiveness fashion to kid to suit to respond modern-looking expensive fashionable to expense fashionably Nghĩa từ đã cho Sự chú ý Bằng lời nói Sự giao tiếp Rất có lẽ, có thể Vẫy Tín hiệu, dấu hiệu Tình huống, tình trạng Xuống, khỏi Nhảy lên nhảy xuống Rõ ràng Thích hợp Sự lựa chọn Một cách nhẹ nhàng Sự hỗ trợ, giúp đỡ Huýt sáo Vỗ tay Hỗn, hỗn hào, vô lễ Thuộc xã hội, thuộc giao tế Không kiểu cách Ngắn gọn Gật đầu Tiến đến Có thể chấp nhận Thu hút chú ý đó Có chú ý đó Bắt gặp ánh mắt đó Lời tán thưởng, lời khen Cực kỳ, vĩ đại, tuyệt vời Ghê tởm, gớm ghiếc Cầm, sờ mó, vận dụng đứng đắn, tề chỉnh Đùa cợt, giỡn Thích hợp Môn cầu lông Trả lời Trông có vẻ đại Mắc, đắt giá Hợp thời trang (2) Exercise Hãy cho biết từ đồng nghĩa gần nghĩa, từ trái nghĩa các từ sau (nếu có): (Phần này HS nhà chuẩn bị trước vào học reading, speaking,… GV tô màu trắng cho các chữ màu đỏ, in cho HS làm và xem trước) Từ cho sẵn For example, assistance informality to point at Of course, expensive fashionable terrible terrific beautiful appropriate verbal slightly Từ đồng / gần nghĩa For instance, help friendliness to show at Certainly, Surely costly modern-looking horrible; awful; awesome, ugly wonderful, miraculous, great pretty; good-looking suitable; proper voiced lightly Từ trái nghĩa Formality, unfriendliness unsurely cheap Out-dated, old fashioned terrific, wonderful, miraculous, great horrible; awful; awesome, ugly ugly inappropriate; improper non-verbal; speechless, voiceless strongly MỘT SỐ CÂU GIAO TIẾP THÔNG DỤNG 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 (Nghe điện thoại) Hello I’m Mary May I speak to John, please? Xin chào Tôi là Mary Xin cho tôi nói chuyện với John Could you hold a minute, please? Xin vui lòng giữ máy giây lát One moment, please Vui lòng đợi chút Hang on I’ll get him Đợi môt chút Tôi gọi anh I’m sorry, but John is busy now Would you leave a message/call back later? Tôi xin lỗi Bây John bận Bạn muốn để lại lời nhắn/chốc gọi lại không? How are you? – Couldn’t be better Thank you Yourself? Bạn khỏe không? – Khỏe Cảm ơn nhé Còn bạn? (Có thể hỏi: “Are you ok?” và đáp lại bằng: (I’m) fine / not bad / great / very well / pretty bad / not fine / not good / awful) Thank you – You’re welcome Cảm ơn bạn – Không có chi (Có thể đáp lại bằng: Never mind (Đừng bận tâm)/ Not at all (Không có chi)/ It’s my pleasure (Vinh hạnh tôi)/ Don’t mention it (Đừng đề cập đến)) It’s getting late I’ve got to go Goodbye See you soon – Take care Trễ Tôi phải đây Tạm biệt Hẹn sớm gặp lại nhé – Bảo trọng Excuse me, but could you please tell me where Dong Thap supermarket is? Xin lỗi, xin ông vui lòng cho tôi biết siêu thị ĐT đâu? Good luck! (Chúc may mắn!) Congratulations! (Xin chúc mừng!) My God! (Chúa ơi!) Would you like something to drink? (Bạn muốn uống gì không?) Let’s go fishing - That’s sounds great Chúng ta hãy câu cá nhe – Nghe hay Why not go shopping? – I’d love to, but I’m busy now Sorry Sao lại không mua sắm? – Tôi thích tôi không khỏe Xin lỗi I’m terribly sorry (Tôi thành thật xin lỗi.) No problem (Không thành vấn đề.) Don’t worry about it (Đừng bận tâm điều đó.) How beautiful/handsome you are today! (Hôm bạn đẹp làm đấy!) You’re exactly right (Bạn hoàn toàn đúng.) I couldn’t agree more! (Tôi hoàn toàn đồng ý.) I’m tired to death (Tôi mệt muốn chết.) (3) 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 Give me a break (Hãy để tôi yên.) Can I take a break? (Em có thể giải lao?) Keep your promise (Hãy giữ lời nhé.) Don’t break your promise (Đừng nuốt lời nhé.) I’m all ears (Tôi chăm chú nghe.) Don’t beat about the bush (Đừng vòng vo tam quốc.) Come back to earth (Quay thực tế đi.) Take your pick (Hãy chọn đi.) It’s your turn (Đến lượt bạn.) It rains cats and dogs (Trời mưa trút nước.) It’s on me (Để tôi trả tiền.) I’m broke (Tôi bị cháy túi rồi.) Poor you! (Tội nghiệp bạn quá!) Don’t pull my leg (Đừng trêu chọc tôi.) That chance slips through my fingers (Cơ hội vuột khỏi tầm tay tôi.) Watch your language (Hãy cẩn ngôn.) Behave yourself (Hãy cư xử cho đúng nhé.) That’s a tempest in an teapot (Chuyện bé xé to.) I wouldn’t say no (Tôi đâu có từ chối.) They are no match for you (Họ không phải là đối thủ bạn.) Travel broadens your minds (Đi ngày đàn học sàn khôn.) It’s like water off a duck’s back (Như nước đổ đầu vịt.) At first strange, now familiar (Trước lạ sau quen.) I read you like a book (Tôi guốc bụng bạn.) I slipped my tongue (Tôi lỡ lời.) The more, the merrier (Càng đông càng vui.) I’m over the moon (Tôi rat sung sướng/hạnh phúc.) He’s a pain in the neck (Nó là cái gai mắt.) Take it or leave it? (Lấy hay bỏ?) It’s up to you (Tùy bạn.) I could eat a horse (Tôi có thể ăn ngựa = Tôi đói bụng.) I could drink an ocean (Tôi có thể uống đại dương = Tôi khát nước.) First think, then speak (Uốn lưỡi lần trước nói.) They talk behind my back (Họ nói xấu sau lưng tôi.) I’d like to join the green summer campaign (Tôi muốn tham gia chiến dịch mùa hè xanh.) Many men, many minds (Chín người mười ý.) Slow but sure (Chậm mà chắc.) Seeing is believing (Trăm nghe không thấy.) Love cannot be forced (Ép dầu ép mỡ nỡ ép duyên.) The more you get, the more you want (Được voi đòi tiên.) They change defeat into victory (Họ chuyển bại thành thắng.) The market is flat (Chợ búa ế ẩm.) Hands off (Lấy tay ra.) He’s dead drunk (Hắn ta say bí tỉ.) I freeload a meal/a breakfast/a lunch/a dinner (Tôi ăn chực.) I eat my fill (Tôi ăn đã đời/no nê.) Nothing doing (Còn lâu, còn khuya.) Don’t bully the weak (Đừng bắt nạt kẻ yếu.) Add fuel to the fire: Thêm dầu vào lửa After rain comes fair weather: Sau mưa trời lại sáng As firm as rock: Vững bàn thạch (4) 75 Behind the times: Lạc hậu 76 Better believe it: Cứ tin là 77 Better late than never: Thà muộn còn không 78 Bring home the bacon: Kiếm cơm nuôi gia đình 79 Can’t top this/that: Không thể chê 80 Don’t poke your nose into my business: Đừng xía vào chuyện tôi 81 Don’t quit love with hate: Đừng lấy oán trả ơn 82 Don’t scare him to death: Đừng làm nó sợ khiếp vía 83 Every day is not Sunday: Sông có khúc người có lúc 84 Give him the green light: Bật đèn xanh cho (= Đồng ý cho anh ta) 85 Good finds good: Ở hiền gặp lành 86 He lied at rest forever: Ông ta đã mãi mãi (= He died/passed away.) 87 He/She is left on the shelf: Anh/Chị ta bị ế (vợ/chồng) 88 He/She is the man/woman of the world: Ông/Bà ta là người trải/già dặn 89 I feel my age: Tôi nhận mình đã già 90 I got a flat / a puncture on the way home: Tôi bị bể/thủng bánh xe trên đường nhà 91 I miss the point: Tôi không hiểu 92 I’m a bit under the weather: I’m not quite well 93 I’m on cloud nine / I’m in th heaven / I’m over the moon: Very happy 94 I’m out of job: Tôi việc 95 I’ve spent years’ attachment to my company: Tôi đã gắng bó với công ty năm 96 It costs an arm and a leg: Very expensive 97 It looks yummy: Trông ngon lành quá (thức ăn) 98 It never rains but it pours: Họa vô đơn chí 99 Kill two birds with one stone: Nhất cử lưỡng tiện 100 Learn from experience: Rút kinh nghiệm 101 Live and let live: Sống cho mình và sống cho người 102 Makes haste slowly: Dục tốc bất đạt 103 Misfortune has its uses: Trong cái rủi có cái may 104 Money makes the mare go: Có tiền mua tiên 105 My heart is in my mouth: Tôi sợ hết hồn 106 Practice makes perfect: Có công mài sắt có ngày nên kim 107 Speak by the book: Nói có sách mách có chứng 108 Speak up: Nói to lên 109 Speak your mind: Hãy nói gì anh nghĩ 110 That food makes my mouth water: Món ăn đó làm tôi thèm chảy nước dãi 111 That’s a matter of life and death: Đó là vấn đề sống còn 112 That’s only a floating part of an iceberg: Đó là phần tảng băng 113 They are daring in thinking and doing: Họ dám nghĩ dám làm 114 They fell flat to the ground: Họ bị đo đường (té xe) 115 This book sells like hot cakes: Quyển sách này bán đắt tôm tươi 116 Win a few, lose a few: Khi được, thua 117 Without a doubt: Chắc chắn vậy/ Là cái 118 You and who else? Anh là cái thá gì vậy? 119 You got it: Đúng Tôi hiểu 120 You’ve made this mistake the zillionth time: Bạn mắc lỗi này không nhiêu lần 121 You’ll be the death of me: Tôi khổ vì bạn quá (Từ Exercise trở đi, GV có thể cho HS làm lớp, làm nhà để kiểm tra bài cũ làm các tiết học tăng tiết ) Exercise 3: Hãy chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất: (5) There are many ways _ someone’s attention A to attract B to sell C to lend D to buy We can use _ and _ forms of communication to attract one’s attention A silence / noise B verbal / non-verbal C verb / adverb D gentle / impolite Probably the most common ways of attracting someone’s attention is by _ A dancing B singing C yelling D waving We might raise our hand and wave to our friend as a _ that we see her or him A signature B sign C signal D sigh When you see your brother _ the plane, you may _ to call his name A look at / throw a stone to him B pass by / whistle and clap your hands C get off / claps your hands D get off / jump up and down There are some social _ where smaller, non-verbal signals are more appropriate A situations B signatures C attractions D documents When you approve someone’s opinion, you can stare at him or her and _ slightly A kneel B nod C shake you head D sigh In a restaurant, we can raise our hand to show the waiter that we need his _ A fame B sponsor C assistance D donation You shouldn’t _ or clap your hands to get the person’s attention in a restaurant A whistle B smile C nod slightly D keep silent 10 Whistling and _ in a restaurant is considered to be impolite and even rude A talking B clapping hands C smiling D sighing 11 You shouldn’t _ the person or thing you want your friend to look at A take notice of B mention to C look at D point at 12 In most situations, pointing at someone is usually considered to be _ A polite B impolite C gentle D dish 13 Your opinion is reasonable, so it is _ A acceptable B suffered C denied D refused 14 In some special social situations, pointing at someone is completely _ A lovely B acceptable C gentle D formal 15 _, a teacher may point to student so as to get his or her attention A Forgive B Forever C For instance D For the sack of 16 In some social situations, _ is allowed to friends A fighting seriously B rudeness C accurate D informality 17 To attract the waiter’s attention, wait until you _ and raise you hand slightly A catch his eye B can attract him C pay attention to him D take advantage of him 18 Raising hand and waving are of the _ form of communication A uncountable B countable C non-verbal D verbal 19 Mary looks very attractive in her _ clothes A terrible B old fashioned C fashionable D out-dated 20 Politeness is very necessary in a common social _ A community B communication C compassionate D competition 21 Phil: You really have a beautiful dress, Maggie! Maggie: Thanks Phil That’s a nice _ A complexion B comfortable C compliment D completion 22 Peter: Your hairstyle is really _, Mary! Mary: I’m glad you like it, Peter Thanks so much A terrific B terrible C horrified D terrorist 23 Your dress is really beautiful, Cindy! You look very _ in it A awesome B ugly C naughty D decent 24 Nam: You really have a beautiful hairstyle now, Hưng! (6) Hưng: _! You’ve pushed me into the blush A It isn’t your work B You must be kidding C Yes, of course D Nice to meet you 25 I think I’ve finally found a style that looks decent and easy _ A fighting B to fight C to handle D handling 26 Minh: I think you’ve played very splendidly in the match, Nam! Nam: Thank you That’s a nice compliment I wish I could _ you I’m still terrible A half as well as B double as well as C as badly as D far worse than 27 Giang: You’re really an excellent student, Hồng Hồng: _ I’m still very bad I think I have to try my best to keep pace with you, Giang A Certainly B You must be kidding C Sure D You’re welcome 28 Long: I didn’t know you could play badminton so well, Trâm Trâm: Thank you, Long _ I wish I could play half as well as you, Long A That’s a nice compliment B That is not your fault C You’re welcome D I certainly play very excellent 29 Hạnh: I don’t know what tailor’s that can make such a beautiful dress for you, Hiền! Hiền: _, Hạnh I’ve finally found a style that suits me so much A Never mind B Go to the canteen with me C I’m glad you like it D Nice to see you 30 Thành: I really enjoy your public speaking skills, Nga Your English is really good, too Nga: _, Thành Thank you very much for your sincere compliment You made me try much harder A It’s very kind of you to say so B That’s not your work C I’m certainly very famous for those things D Yes, of course It’s me! 31 “Would you care for a drink?” can be transformed as _ A How about a drink? B Have a nice drink! C What about have a drink? D Would you stop drinking? 32 “Why don’t we stay at home?” can be transformed as _ A I suggest not staying at home B I suggest that we should not stay at home C I suggest staying at home D I suggest to stay at home 33 “Would you please give me a hand?” can be transformed as _ A Would you mind giving a hand? B Can I help you? C Would you mind helping me? D A and C are correct 34 A(n) _ length of time is the main problem for our trip A reasonable B reason C excellent D old fashioned 35 Good children should be _ to the elderly A naughty B obedient C impolite D rude 36 To attract the guests’ attentions at the party, a polite MC on first appearance may say _ A Good night every body! B Good evening my slaves C Ladies and gentlemen! D Hey, everybody! Shut up now! 37 When two strange people are first introduced to each other, they often say “ _” A Nice to meet you! B Shut up! C You’re welcome! D Never mind! 38 At their first meeting, two people may say the same sentence like “ _” and then shake hands when making acquaintance to each other A Pardon me? B I hate you so much! C I don’t know you! D How you do? 39 When two friends meet after a long time apart from each other, they often say “ _” A How old are you? B Long time no see! C It’s odd to see you! D Shut up! 40 To show your care for another person’s health, you may ask “ _” to him or her A How you do? B How old are you? C How are you? D Nice to see you! 41 Jane: “Wow! You look great with your new hair ” – Jack: _ A You’re welcome C Congratulation! B It’s a pleasure D Thanks It’s nice of you to say so (7) 42 She divorced him because of his _to the children A kindness B unkindly C unkindness D kindly 43 You will have to work hard if you want to _ A success B successful C succeed D successfully 44 When the alarm went _, Mick just turned over and went back to sleep A out B up C down D off 45 Hoi An is a tourist _ A attractive B attraction C attracted D attract 46 Sam: - “Would you like to have dinner with me?” – Susan: “ _ ” A I’m very happy B Yes, so C Yes, it is D Yes, I’d love to 47 Lĩnh: “How you do?” –Nam: “ _” A I’m well Thank you B Not too bad C Yeah, OK D How you do? 48 Johnson: "Merry Christmas!" - Jason: " " A Same for you! B The same to you! C You are the same! D Happy Christmas with you! 49 Amanda: "What a beautiful shirt you're wearing!" Anne: "Thank you It _ especially for me by my mother " A is made B has made C made D was made 50 George gets _Lisa A marry with B marry to C married with D married to 51 She is a kind of woman who does not care much of work but generally _ only with colleagues for meals, movies or late nights at a cluB A supposes B socializes C attention D discussed 52 I didn't think his comments were very appropriate at the time A correct B right C exact D suitable 53 You should _ more attention to what your teacher explains A make B get C set D pay 54 Body language is a potential form of _ communication A verbal B non-verbal C tongue D oral 55 Our teacher often said, "Who knows the answer? _ your hand " A Rise B Lift C Raise D Heighten 56 This is the instance where big, obvious non-verbal signals are appropriate A situation B attention C place D matter 57 They started, as _ gatherings but they have become increasingly formalized in the last few years A informal B informally C informalize D informality 58 Children who are isolated and lonely seem to have poor language and A communicate B communication C communicative D communicator 59 The lecturer explained the problem very clearly and is always _ in response to questions A attention B attentive C attentively D attentiveness 60 Pay more attention _ picture and you can find out who is the robber A to B for C at D on 61 She looked _ me, smiling happily and confidently A on B over C forward D at 62 - What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary! - _ A Thank you very much I am afraid B You are telling a lie C Thank you for your compliment D I don't like your sayings 63 you wanted to ask your teacher a question during his lecture, what would you do? A As B As if C Even of D Suppose 64 The mother told her son _ so impolitely (8) A not behave B not to behave C not behaving D did not behave 65 I _ you everything I am doing, and you have to the same A will tell B would tell C told D was telling 66 She is a kind of woman who does not care much of work but generally _ only with colleagues for meals, movies or late nights at a club A supposes B socializes C attention D discussed 67 I didn't think his comments were very appropriate at the time A correct B right C exact D suitable 68 You should _ more attention to what your teacher explains A make B get C set D pay 69 Body language is a potent form of _ communication A verbal B non-verbal C tongue D oral 70 Our teacher often said, "Who knows the answer? _ your hand." A Rise B Lift C Raise D Heighten 71 This is the instance where big, obvious non-verbal signals are appropriate A situation B attention C place D matter 72 They started, as _ gatherings but they have become increasingly formalized in the last few years A informal B informally C informalize D informality 73 Children who are isolated and lonely seem to have poor language and A communicate B communication C communicative D communicator 74 The lecturer explained the problem very clearly and is always _ in response to questions A attention B attentive C attentively D attentiveness 75 Pay more attention _ picture and you can find out who is the robber A to B for C at D on 76 She looked _ me, smiling happily and confidently A on B over C forward D at 77 - What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary! - _ A Thank you very much I am afraid B You are telling a lie C Thank you for your compliment D I don't like your sayings 78 In _ most social situations, _ informality is appreciated A Ø / Ø B the / an C a / the D the / a 79 - What beautiful dress you are wearing! - Thank you That is _ nice compliment A a / a B the / Ø C Ø / Ø D the / the 80 you wanted to ask your teacher a question during his lecture, what would you do? A As B As if C Even of D suppose 81 The boy waved his hands to his mother, who was standing at the school gate, to _ her attention A attract B pull C follow D tempt 82 If something _ your attention or your eye, you notice it or become interested in it A pays B allow C catches D wave 83 When you are in a restaurant, you can raise your hand slightly to show that you need assistance A bill B menu C help D food 84 After a _ hesitation, she began to speak with such a convincing voice A rude B slight C small D impolite 85 He is one of the most _ bosses I have ever worked with He behaves rudely to not only me but also others in the staff A thoughtful B impolite C attentive D communicative 86 In many cultures, people signify their agreement by _ their head A turning B raising C pointing D nodding 87 There was a _ tremble in her voice, which showed that she was very nervous at that time (9) A slight B slighted C slightly D slightness 88 If a boss wants to have a well-qualified staff, he should have to pay his employees _ A appropriate B appropriately C appropriation D appropriating 89 Mrs Pike was so angry that she made a _ gesture at the driver A rude B rudeness C rudely D rudest 90 _ nonverbal language is _ important aspect of interpersonal communication A The / Ø B A / the C The / a D Ø / an 91 Balzer, _ linguistic researcher, reported that approximately 75% of classroom management behavior was nonverbal A a B an C the D Ø 92 I have never seen such a beautiful dress _ you before A of B on C for D in 93 Small children are often told that it is rude to point _ other people A on B to C at D for 94 - You look great in this new dress - A With pleasure B Not at all C I am glad you like it D Do not say anything about it 95 Suppose you want to go out during a lecture, what should you do? A As B If C Though D When 96 When you see your teacher approaching you, a slight wave to attract his attention is appropriate A coming nearer to B catching sight of C pointing at D looking up to 97 When you catch someone's _ you something to attract his attention so that you can talk to him A head B hand C eye D ear 98 When the play finished the audience stood up and _ their hands loudly A clapped B nodded C shook D hold 99 It is _ not to say "Thank you" when you are given something A small B rude C slight D formal 100 A whistle is the _ for the football players to begin the match A communication B instance C attention D signal 101 It is often considered to be impolite to _ at someone A look B smile C point D raise 102 He is not really friendly and makes no attempt to be _ A society B social C socialize D sociable 103 She sent me a _ letter thanking me for my invitation A polite B politely C politeness D impoliteness 104 Mr Timpson's behavior and comments on occasions were inappropriate and fell below the _ standards A accept B acceptable C acceptance D accepting 105 In general, the meaning of _ touching depends of the situation, culture, sex, and age A a B am C the D Ø 106 _ same words or phrases can have many _ different meanings, depending on how they are saiD A Ø / Ø B A / the C Ø / the D the / a 107 I recognized my grandmother as soon as she got _ the plane although we had not seen each other for more than 10 years A over B of C away D off 108 I waved _ him from the window but he didn't see me A through B for C up D to 109 - How well you are playing! - A Say it again I like to hear your words B I think so I am proud of myself (10) C Thank you too much D Many thanks That is a nice compliment 110 Peter: “How you do?” – Mary: “ _” A Yeah, OK B Not too bad C How you do? D I’m well Thank you 111 Lam: “Bye!”- Lan “ _.” A See you lately B See you later C Thank you D Meet you again 112 John: “I’ve passed my final exam.”- Tom: “ ” A Good lock B It’s nice of you to say so C That’s a good idea D Congratulation! 113 Hung: “Would you like to have dinner with me?”- Lam: “ .” A Yes, I’d love to B I’m very happy C Yes, it is D Yes, so I 114 Peter: “I enjoy listening to pop music.”- Maria: “ _.” A I’m, too B I don’t C Neither I D So am I 115 Ann: “Are you going to visit Britain next month?” – Kim: “Yes, _.” A I am B I C I like D I going 116 Bob: “James is a very brave man.”- David: “Yes, I wish I _ his courage.” A Had B will have C have had D have 117 David: “You’ve got a beautiful dress!” – Helen: “ .” A I B Thanks for your compliment C You, too D Okay 118 Sue: “I love pop music.” – Alice: “ .” A I do, too B No, I won’t C Yes, I like it D Neither I 119 Ann: “What you usually on Sundays?” – Mary: “ .” A I used to drive to work B I’d be sleeping all day C I’m not doing anything D I usually sleep until noon 120 Jack: “I’ve got to go, Sarah So long.” – Sarah: “So long, Jack And _.” A be careful B don’t hurry C take care D don’t take it seriously 121 Mary: “That’s a very nice skirt you’re wearing.”- Julia: “ _.” A That’s nice B I like it C That’s all right D I’m glad you like it 122 David: “Merry Christmas!”- Jason: “ ” A You are the same! B Same for you! C The same to you! D Happy Christmas with you! 123 A: “ ?”- B: “Once a week.” A How often you go shopping B How much you want C Are you sure D When will you get there 124 A: “Sorry I’m late.” – B: “ .” A OK B Don’t worry C Hold the line, please D Go ahead 125 A: “Good morning My name is Turner I have a reservation.” – B: “ .” A What you want? B Yes, a single room for two nights C I haven’t decided yet What about you? D What you like? 126 Mary: “I’ve got an interview for a job tomorrow.” – Peter: “ .” A Thank you B Same to me C Good luck D See you 127 A: “Thank you for the lovely present.” – B: “ .” A Go ahead B Not at all C Come on D I’m pleased you like it 128 A: “Are you coming on Saturday?” – B: “ .” A I’m afraid not B I’m afraid not to C I’m afraid to D I’m afraid I don’t 129 A: “ they travel abroad?” – B: “Once a year.” A When B How C What time D How often 130 Ann: “Do you think you’ll get the job?” – Mary: “ .” A I know so B Well, I hope so C I think not D Yes, that’s right 131 Trung: “I’m getting married next week.” – Nguyen: “ .” A Thanks, the same to you B Congratulations! C Well done! D Sorry to hear that (11) 132 A: “How’s life?” – B: “ .” A Sure B Not too bad, but very busy C Very well, thank you D Pleased to meet you 133 A: “Excuse me, what’s the time?” – B: “Sorry I .” A don’t see B not have a watch C won’t know D know 134 A: “Are you free this coming Sunday?” – B: “ ” A Yes, I will B No, thank you C Yes, I can D I think so Why? 135 A: “ ” – B: “Certainly” A Welcome back! B What are you doing there? C I’m sorry I am late D May I borrow a pencil, please? 136 A: “Are you hungry?” – B: “ ” A Yes, I B Soon C Right now D Yes, a little 137 A: “Would you like some more tea?” – B: “ ” A Yes, please B Here you are C It doesn’t matter D I’m OK 138 Hello, my name’s John to meet you A Please B I am very well C Pleased D Thank you 139 ? He’s OK now A What is he B How is he C How tall is he D What’s he like 140 Peter: “Thanks a lot for your wonderful gift.” – Mary: “ ” A You are welcome B Thank you C Cheers D Have a good day 141 Dona: “What’s your name?” – Helen: “ ” A Really? B Pardon? C OK D Forgive me 142 A: “Thank you for a lovely evening.” – B: “ ” A Don’t mention it B I’m glad you enjoy it C Yes, I’d like that D Yes, that would be very nice 143 A: “I hope to see you again.” – B: “ ” A I hope so, too B Good enough C Thank you D I really enjoy meeting you, too 144 “Would you like a cup of coffee?” – “ ” A Yes, thanks a lot B No, thanks you C Yes, please D No, you are welcome 145 Charles: “Excuse me, Mr Ward?” – Mr Ward: “ ?” A Eh! What B Yes C No D Thank you 146 A: “Let’s meet for a coffee tonight.” – B: “ ” A I hope not B I’m afraid I can C Yes, let’s D Yes, thank you 147 A: “ ?” – B: “Yes I want to send some flowers to my wife in Italy” A Do you like flowersB What you like C Can you help me D Can I help you 148 A: “What’s , Peter?” You don’t look very happy A matter B problem C the matter D that 149 A: “Jenny, I passed my exam.” – Jenny: “ ” A Oh! B Oh! Good luck C Congratulations! D Ouch! 150 “Is she coming to the party tonight?” – “ _” I can’t stand seeing her behaviour” A I don’t think so B I hope so C I don’t hope so D I hope not 151 “Are you going to be in town next Saturday?” – “ _ I am in the countryside visiting my grandparents.” A No B Yes C Surely D Certainly 152 “Where are you from?” – “I’m from _” A Vietnamese B American C Chinese D California 153 “ _” was he driving when the accident happened?” – “About kilometers an hour.” A How far B How quick C How fast D How long 154 “I’m afraid I can’t come to your birthday party this weekend!” – “ _” (12) A What a shame! B What a pity! C Me too D What’s happened? 155 Alice: “What shall we this evening?” – Carol: “ _” A Let’s go out for dinner B Oh, that’s good! C No problem D I went out for dinner 156 Maria: “I’m taking my driving test tomorrow.” – Sarah: “ _!” A Good chance B Good time C Good day D Good luck 157 Helen: “Where you come from? “- Ann: “ _” A In London B Yes, I have just come here C I’m living in London D I come from London 158 Maria: “I’m taking my end-of-term examination tomorrow.” – Ann: “ _” A Good luck B Good day C Good time D Good chance 159 “How you do?” – “ _” A How you do? B Good morning C Very well, thanks D I’m fine, thanks 160 “ _do you go to the dentist’s?” - “Twice a year.” A When B Why C How D How often 161 A: “ _” - B: By bus A What you go to school? B Do you go to school by bus? C Who are you taken to school by? D How you come to school? 162 I’m Charles, from Continental Computers How you do?- “ _?” A How tall are you? B How you do? C Bad to meet you D I hate you, Charles 163 “Thank you for coming to meet us” – “ _” A You are welcomed B Same to you C Thank you too D Not at all 164 Shop assistant: “ _” – Customer: “I’m trying to find a Christmas present for my girl friend.” A What you want? B Pleased to meet you C How are you? D Good morning, can I help you? 165 A: “ _?” B: “Yes, I’d like some information about trains, please.” A: Can I help you? B May I help you? C What can I for you? D All are correct 166 “Thanks for your help.” – “ _” A You are welcomed B That’s all right C Thank you, too D The same to you 167 A: Does Maria speak English well? – B: _ A Yes I B I think not C I don’t think so D She thinks so 168 Helen: “May I introduce you to Mary, Peter?” – Peter: “ _” A How ugly are you, Mary? B How old are you, Mary? C Pleased to meet you, Mary D Please to hit you, Mary 169 A: “How about a biscuit?” – B: _ I’m on a diet A Yes, please B Yes, thank you C No, thanks D It’s OK 170 A: When you want them? – B: _ A Last week B Yes, of course C Good afternoon D As soon as possible 171 “I need some ice Can you get some from the fridge for me?” – “ _” A No, thanks B Yes, please C Certainly D Yes, thank you 172 “Thank you very much for the wonderful gift.” – “ _” A Good luck B Don’t mention it C Congratulations D You are welcome 173 “Let’s eat out tonight!” – “ _” A Ok Why not? B Congratulations C Good luck! D Yes, I will 174 “Congratulation on your success!” – “ _” A Not at all B Thank you C All right D The same to you 175 “ _ is Mr Brown going to retire?” – “Soon, I think He has been working for this company for nearly years.” A When B How long C Why D Who is she 176 “Have you ever met the girl over there?” – “No, _?” (13) A I don’t B I have C Why not D Who is she 177 “The room is too hot _ if I turn the fan on?” – “No” A Do you mind B Would you like C Do you like D Could you please 178 How _ was your holiday? – One week A long B big C soon D well 179 A: Is Monday possible for you? – B: _ A I hope so, too B Yes, that’s fine C Thank you D I really enjoy meeting you 180 A: “ _” - B: “I’ve got no idea.” A It’s your turn B Are you tired? C Let’s go D What about you? 181 Brenda: “Do you think it will rain?” – Carol: “Oh! _” A I don’t hope B I hope not C I don’t hope so D It’s hopeless 182 A: May I borrow your pen for a minute, please? – B: _ A Yes, certainly B Yes, thank you C No, thanks D No, of course 183 A: How old are you, Mr Bull? – B: _ A I’m fine, thanks B I’m OK C Very well thanks and you? D What! I don’t like personal questions! 184 “Goodbye Have a nice weekend.” – “Goodbye _” A Me too B You’re welcome C Not at all D The same to you 185 “Sorry, I’m late.” - “ _ We haven’t started yet.” A Don’t worry B Thank you C You are welcome D Why 186 Customer: “Waiter! I’d like the menu, please.” – Assistant: “ _” A But I don’t like B Here are you, sir C Here you are sir D Yes, thank you 187 “I am having an examination tomorrow.” – “ _” A Congratulations! B Good luck! C Be careful D Why? 188 “What are you doing, Hung?” – “ _ Why?” A No B Not C None D Nothing 189 “Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” – “Yes _ Where can we meet?” A I would B I will C I’d love to D I like 190 A: Have a cigarette – B: _ I am trying to stop A No, thanks B Thank you C Not at all D Come on 191 A: _? – B: I’m sixteen A How long does it take to get there B How old are you C How much is that D How are you 192 “Can I carry the bag for you? It seems very heavy.” – “ _ I can manage.” A No, thanks B Yes, please C Sorry D You are welcome 193 “Have a good holiday, Peter!” - “ _, Mary” A You too B You will C You D You have 194 “Why don’t you ask Helen for help? I think he is always ready.” – “ _” A Yes, please B I hope so C I hope not D That is a good idea 195 “ _?” – “I am very well thanks.” A How you B How are you C Are you well D What are you like 196 “How you do?” – “ _” A I’m fine, thanks B I’m very well C Please to meet you D How you 197 “How about having a drive to the countryside this weekend?” – “ _” A Not at all B You are welcome C No, thanks D That’s a good idea 198 Anne: Make yourself at home - John: _ A Yes, Can I help you? B Not at all Don’t mention it C Thanks! Same to you D That’s very kind Thank you 199 Trung: “Why you think most people learn English?” – Phong: “ _” A All of them are B I heard it was very good (14) C Very often it’s to get a better job D Because I like it 200 John: “What kind of job would you like?” – Mike: “ _” A Is there a good chance of promotion? B I’m good at computing C Anytime after next week D Anything to with computers 201 “Oh, no, I’m late for my appointment _” A Catch you now B Catch you later C Nice to see you again D Pleased to meet you 202 Linda: “Excuse me! Where’s the nearest police station?” – Maria: “ _” A It’s over there B I’m afraid not C Don’t worry D Yes, I think so 203 Tom: “How did you go to this city?” – John: “ _” A I came here by the coach B I came here by train C I came here last night D I came here by foot 204 Hung: “Thank you very much for a lovely party.” – Hoa: “ _” A Thanks B Have a good day C You are welcome D Cheers 205 Brenda: “Do you think it will rain?” – Carol: “Oh, _” A I don’t hope B I hope not C I don’t hope so D It’s hopeless 206 Tom: “Congratulations!” – John: “ _” A What a pity! B Thank you C I’m sorry D You are welcome 207 Dora: “What’s your name?” – Helen: “ _.” A Really? B Pardon? C OK D Forgive me 208 Janet: “Do you feel like going to the cinema this evening?” – Susan: “ _.” A I don’t agree, I’m afraid B You are welcome C That would be great D I feel very boring 209 Laura: “What a lovely house you have!” – Maria: “ .” A Of course not, it’s not costly B Thank you Hope you will drop in C I think so D No problem 210 “ _ detective stories?” – “In my opinion, they are very good for teenagers.” A How about B What you think about C Are you fond of D What people feel about 211 A: “Would you mind lending me your bike?” – B: “ .” A Yes, let’s B Yes here it is C Great D Not at all 212 John: “Has an announcement been made about the eight o’clock flight to Paris?” – Mary: “ .” A Sorry, I don’t B Yes, it was C I don’t think that D Not yet 213 Anne: “Thanks for a nice gift!” – John: “ _” A In fact, I myself don’t like it B You are welcomed C I’m glad you like it D But you know how much it costs? 214 Peter: “Thanks for coming What a nice gift you’ve brought us!” – Mary: “ _” A I’m glad you like it B You are welcome C The same to you D Not at all 215 Hung: “You have a good voice You sang so beautifully!” – Lan: “ .” A The same to you B You, too C Thanks for your compliment D Thank a lot 216 Trung: “You’re certainly a smart student.” – Phong: “ .” A Congratulations B I don’t think so C I don’t hope so D Good luck 217 A: When children in Vietnam go to primary school? - B: “ .” A At years B At the age of six years old C When they are D When they are old years 218 Peter: “Hi, Michael What’s going on?” – Michael: “Nothing special, Peter with you?” A What’s up B Have you got C Nothing new D Not much 219 A: you like reading? - B: Well, I like reading all sorts of books (15) A How B Why C What kind of books D When 220 What you think of these stories? - A They are OK B Yes I C I don’t think D I think of them 221 “ _”? _ “He is OK now.” A What is he B How is he C How tall is he D What’s he like 222 A: “Excuse me It’s a bit stuffy in here ?” - B: “No, I don’t mind at all I feel like some fresh air, too.” A Do you mind if I open the window B Do you mind opening the window C Can you open the window for me D Could you open the window 223 A: Is it going to rain tonight? – B: _ A I don’t hope so B I hope not C I think not D Yes, I am 224 “ _ eating out tonight?” _ “That’s a good idea.” A Would you B How about C How are you D Are they 225 “Would you like a cup of coffee?” – “ .” A Yes, I B Yes, I like C Yes, I would D Yes, please 226 “ ?” _ “I have got a terrible headache.” A What’s the matter with you B What’s the wrong with you C What’s happened with you D What’s problem with you 227 “Have a nice weekend!” – “Thank you _” A Me too B Same to you C The same to you D The same with you 228 Bob: “James is a very brave man.” _ David: “Yes I wish I his courage.” A had B will have C have had D have 229 David: “You’ve got a beautiful dress!” – Helen: “ _.” A I B Thank you C You, too D Okay 230 “What is your hobby, Lan?” - “ _” A Well, I like shopping B Well, I want sugar C Oh, with you D Oh, I live here 231 _ is that over there, Lan? A Who B How C What D Where 232 What’s _ new house like? It’s very nice He loves it A hers B his C her D him 233 A: “What a beautiful dress I like it” – B:“ _.” A Don’t mention it B Your welcome C It’s nice of you to say so D I feel happy to hear that 234 How are you, today? – “ _” A I’m years old B It’s very nice C It’s kind of you to help me D Very well, thanks 235 I got one mark only for my English test A How interesting B Poor you C Thanks a lot D It’s a good new 236 “ _” - “Oh, That sounds interesting” A How are the cakes? B What cakes you like? C What you think about the cakes? D Would you like some cakes? 237 Customer: Excuse me? - Shopkeeper : Yes, _? A Can you help me B How can I help you C what happens D help me 238 “I have some lucky money for you Happy new year” - “ _” A Great Thanks B Have a nice day C Good luck D What a pity! 239 Jane: How often you go swimming, Linda? – Linda: _ A I guess I’m OK B once a week C about one hour D last night 240 How much time you spend reading books? - _ A Twice a week B It’s o’clock C Two hours a day D Once upon a time (16) 241 “Thank you for helping me!” - “ _” A Thanks B Goodbye C You’re welcome D It’s nice to meet you Exercise 4: Hãy xác định câu có phần gạch cần sửa lại cho đúng: It’s very polite to shout at the waiter in a restaurant A B C D It’s unacceptable to jump up and down at the air port to attract your relative’s attention A B C D Speaking to a person is of non-verbal form of communication A B C D Verbal form of communication is usually used in places where are large A B C D We have several choice of forms of communication to attract someone’s attention A B C D Once you get your friend’s attention, don’t point off the person or thing you want him to look A B C D at Probably the most common ways to attract someone’s attention is by waving A B C D It is polite to whistle or clap our hands to attract our friend’s attention in a restaurant A B C D It is considered to be rude to nod slightly to show that we need the waiter’s assistance A B C D 10 When you see a teacher approaching you, you can whistle to greet him in the schoolya rd A B C D 11 You should say “You’re welcome!” when someone says “Sorry!” to you A B C D 12 People can use different forms of communication; for examination, verbal and non-verbal forms B C D 13 Although the bad traffic, I managed to arrive at the meeting on time A B C D 14 She is most beautiful woman that I have ever met A B C D 15 He stopped to smoke because cigarettes are harmful to his health A B C D 16 Anne: “Thank you very much for your helps to my sister!” - Bob: “Not at all!” A B C D 17 My house is far from Hồ Chí Minh City A B C D 18 Body language is sometimes a very useful tool of communicative A B C D 19 Whenever I make any mistake, I often say “See you later” A B C D 20 Jack is a good child, so he is always rude to the elderly A B C D A Exercise 5: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành bài khóa đây When I was a student at Bristol University It was during the holidays, the Easter holidays, and I needed some money I had just (1) _ my driving test, and I felt very pleased with myself so I went to the Job Agency They phoned me up the (2) _ and asked me if I had a driving (3) so I said, "Yes ", and they said, "Right We have got a job (4) _ you Go down to (17) Bristol Fruit Market (5) _ morning " I thought, "I'll be (6) _ a car or a small van I'll really enjoy it " They had me drive a huge three-ton lorry It was (7) _ I had never driven such a lorry before One of my workmates said, "Don't be so nervous You'll surely be (8) _ " I had to get to Western Supermarket and then to Bridgewater It was a hundred-mile trip I got (9) _ the lorry, started the engine, released the clutch and it began to move Immediately, I heard the lorry (10) _ within a few second So, I looked around and finally realized that I had crashed into a car parking at the side of the road! A passed B jumped C crossed D took off A tomorrow B next day C yesterday D today A fines B lice C client D license A over B for C through D out A day after B next day C yesterday D tomorrow A to drive B drive C driving D driver A terrific B terrible C wonderful D nice A all right B worse C bad D left-over A with B out C on D at 10 A to crash B crashes C crashed D crashing PART 2: PRONUCIATION AND GRAMMAR: A: PRONUCIATION: Main stress in a two-syllable word (Dấu trọng âm chính từ có hai vần) Lý thuyết: Theo nguyên tắc thì dấu trọng âm nằm trên ngữ và từ vần không có dấu trọng âm Với từ có hai vần thì thông thường dấu trọng âm xuất theo các quy tắc phổ biến sau: Ví dụ: Acting, pOInting, wAking, bIggest, thInner, fAtter, rUdeness, pAssive, becOme, avOId, withOUt, … a Vần đầu: Nếu từ đó là danh từ, tính từ, trạng từ, Ví dụ: an Import, an Actor, a dOctor, frIEndly, mAInly, EARly,…… b Vần sau: Nếu từ đó là động từ, các từ bắt đầu BE-, các từ có tận cùng là –ICE /i:s/; các giới từ như: to impORt, withOUt,withIn, benEAth, besIde, besIdes, behInd, behAlf, belIEf, polIce, AlIce, ; liên từ althOUgh Ví dụ: to begIn, to protEct, to purchAse, to compOse,…… c Vần đầu: Nếu từ đó là động từ có tận cùng là –EN: Ví dụ: to hAppen, to wIden, to strEngthen, wrItten, tAken, bEAten, …… d Lưu ý: to vIsit, to stUdy, to mAnage,… TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT KHÁC CẦN THUỘC LÒNG: (Không phân biệt từ có vần) A Nằm trên các vần tận cùng là: -ADE, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -ESE, -OO, -OON Ví dụ: parADE, decrEE, fiftEEN, eightEEN, carEER, ChinESE, tatOO, shampOO, ballOON, cartOON,… Ngoại trừ: dEcade / ’dekid / B Nằm trên vần trước các vần tận cùng là: -ION, -IC, -IAL, -URE, -OUS, Ví dụ: nAtion, mEntion, tEnsion, Action, trAffic, spEcial, cUlture, cApture, fAmous… Ngoại trừ: manURE / mə’njuə / Bài tập áp dụng: Hãy chọn MỘT phương án (A, B, C D) tương ứng với từ có dấu trọng âm chính vị trí khác câu sau đây: A begin B visit C consist D include (18) A cancer A begin A combine A carriage A without A decide A extreme A goodbye 10 A nature 11 A fellow 12 A intend 13 A produce 14 A spoken 15 A friendly 16 A vapor 17 A welfare 18 A conserve 19 A magic 20 A enrich 21 A costume 22 A begin 23 A decree 24 A without 25 A decree 26 A forest 27 A produce 28 A pollute 29 A compare 30 A prepare 31 A admit 32 A address 33 A language 34 A poison 35 A private 36 A release 37 A focus 38 A gather 39 A legal 40 A translate 41 A technique 42 A compare 43 A throaty 44 A despite 45 A sooner 46 A verbal 47 A attract 48 A verbal 49 A again 50 A keenness B treatment B visit B visit B custom B doctor B expect B able B except B future B follow B district B product B people B guidance B carry B resource B conscious B weaken B enter B learning B happen B discard B tractor B carriage B supply B product B supply B single B section B account B involve B involve B timber B regard B cancer B notice B protect B custom B transform B treatment B single B throughout B within B caller B signal B away B pollute B journey B science C tissue C become C occur C decree C pasture C extra C poison C themselves C picture C yellow C traffic C nation C master C expect C garbage C surgeon C preserve C happen C enlarge C engine C become C dispose C future C conquer C garbage C actress C provide C include C problem C conquer C respect C foreign C immense C approach C human C absorb C suggest C reverse C transact C guidance C include C without C beside C behalf C instance C waving C choices C succeed C demand D disease D release D emit D success D cover D believe D drainage D gesture D manure D allow D center D chemist D regard D wonder D exhaust D timber D prevent D begin D enclose D device D decree D delete D actor D follow D oxide D dentist D healthy D consult D reason D decree D access D succeed D contour D permit D surgeon D interest D reform D travel D tragedy D police D consult D although D gender D caring D agree D attend D table D digest D physics (19) B: GRAMMAR: Reported Speech (Câu tường thuật / Câu gián tiếp): GV yêu cầu HS nghiên cứu trước nhà Lý thuyết: a Nhìn chung thì câu nói gián tiếp là câu nói thể lại đúng ý nghĩa của: câu nói trực tiếp (Direct Speech) đó mà ta nghe được; hành động trực tiếp đó mà ta thấy được, cảm nhận b Nói cách khác, lời nói gián tiếp là câu tường thuật từ lời nói trực tiếp dạng khác, bao gồm số thay đổi THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ, TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ NƠI CHỐN, THỜI GIAN(tùy trường hợp) và thay đổi NGÔI CỦA ĐẠI TỪ (theo quy tắC cho phù hợp với tình Tuy nhiên, ý nghĩa câu nói giữ nguyên c Có loại câu nói trực tiếp thường gặp là: Câu mệnh lệnh (Command), câu trình bày ( Statement) và câu hỏi (Question) d Chú ý nguyên tắc đổi sau đây để đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp thường gặp: Ta làm các bước sau đây (Bước nào có thì đổi bước đó theo hướng dẫn, bước nào không có thì bỏ qua: Bước thứ nhất: Đổi động từ giới thiệu (động từ ngoài dấu ngoặC cho phù hợp với tình Ví dụ: Câu trực tiếp say (to + O), ask, tell, advise, suggest,… Câu gián tiếp tell (nói, kể, bảo), ask (bảo, hỏi), order (ra lệnh), suggest (đề nghị), advise (khuyên), want to know (muốn biết), beg (van xin), insist (đòi , invite (mời), urge (thúc giục , command (ra lệnh, yêu cầu), say (nói), shout (thét, la lớn), warn (cảnh báo), cry (gào thét, khóc lóc , whisper (thì thầm, nói nhỏ, rỉ tai, thỏ thẻ), yell (la ó), … Được chia quá khứ tương ứng Được chia quá khứ Bước thứ hai: Đổi đại từ dấu ngoặc: Bảng 2: Bảng đổi đại từ: Ngôi thứ Chủ từ (Subjective Pronoun) Túc từ (Objective Pronoun) 1st I me Tính từ sở hữu (Possessive adjective) my Đại từ sở hữu (Possessive Pronoun) 2nd We You us you our your ours yours 3rd They them their theirs Đại từ phản thân (Reflexive Pronoun) mine myself ourselves yourself (số ít) yourselves (số nhiều) themselves He him his his himself She her her hers herself It it its its itself Hãy xem xét câu mình phải đổi: - Nếu đại từ dấu ngoặc THUỘC VỀ NGÔI THỨ NHẤT thì ta đổi theo CHỦ TỪ ĐỨNG TRƯỚC ĐỘNG TỪ GIỚI THIỆU (ask,tell, asked, told, say, said, order, ordered, suggested, cried, shouted, yelled, wanted to know,……) - Nếu đại từ dấu ngoặc THUỘC VỀ NGÔI THỨ HAI thì ta đổi theo TÚC TỪ ĐỨNG SAU ĐỘNG TỪ GIỚI THIỆU (ask,tell, asked, told,say, said, order, ordered, suggested, cried, shouted, yelled, wanted to know, …… - Nếu đại từ dấu ngoặc THUỘC VỀ NGÔI THỨ BA thì ta KHÔNG ĐỔI (20) Bước thứ ba: Đổi lùi thì động từ dấu ngoặc câu trực tiếp là câu trình bày câu hỏi và động từ giới thiệu quá khứ: - Đổi động từ đầu tiên cụm động từ quá khứ như: V1/s/es V2/ed; WILL WOULD; MAY MIGHT; CAN COULD; SHALL SHOULD; HAVE/ HAS HAD; Đổi V2 /ed HAD + V3 / ed Đổi HAD + V3 / -ed HAD + V3 / -ed Đổi MUST MUST HAD TO Đổi COULD COULD, … Bước thứ tư: Đổi các từ gần thành xa (từ nơi chốn, thời gian): TT 10 11 12 13 14 15 Câu trực tiếp this these hence here come here* now ago today tonight yesterday last night the day before yesterday tomorrow next week the day after tomorrow Câu gián tiếp that those thence there go there* then before that day that night the day before / the previous day the night before / the previous night two days before the next day/ following day / the day after the following week / the week after / the week later two days after / in two-day time Ghi chú: (*) Người ta không nói COME THERE (đi đến đó) GO HERE (đi đến đây) mà nói là COME HERE và GO THERE Do đó, tác giả xin mạo muội đề xuất đổi trên Đọc chơi cho dễ nhớ: LỜI TRỰC, LỜI GIÁN đổi Phẩy bay, ngoặc biến, chữ hoa hoá thường Dấu than, dấu hỏi vườn Các THÌ giáng cấp; gần nhường cho xa; Ngôi theo Chủ nhà; Ngôi hai theo Túc, ngôi ba nằm lì; That (phát), WETH , IF , WH (nghi) TO; NOT TO (lệnh), thay vì phẩy trên (Sưu tầm) e Cách biền đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp thường gặp sau: Câu nói trực tiếp là câu mệnh lệnh: a Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định: (21) Direct speech: Sa + Va + ((prep) + Oa + (that)) “(Let’s) +V0 + …… ” → Indirect speech: Sa + Va’ + (Oa ) + TO +V0 + …… Ví dụ: Direct speech: The teacher said to his students that “Open your books!” → Indirect speech: The teacher told his students to open their books Direct speech: Nam said to his his friends “Let’s go camping in the forest!” → Indirect speech: Nam suggested his his friends to go camping in the forest b Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định: Direct speech: Sa + Va + ((prep) + Oa + (that)) “Don’t + V0 + …… ” → Indirect speech: Sa + Va’ + (Oa ) + NOT TO +V0 + …… Ví dụ: Direct speech: The teacher said to his students that “Don’t talk too much!” → Indirect speech: The teacher told his students not to talk too much c Câu yêu cầu mang hình thức câu hỏi YES / NO: Direct speech: Sa + Va + ((prep) + Oa + (that)) “Would / Could / WILL / CAN + YOU (PLEASE) +V0 + …… ?” → Indirect speech: Sa + Va’ + (Oa ) + (NOT) + TO +V0 + …… Ví dụ: VD1: Direct speech: Mrs Jackson said to Alice, “Could you give me a hand, please” → Indirect speech: Mrs Jackson suggested Alice to give her a hand VD2: Direct speech: She said to her daughter “Will you stop making too much noise now?” → Indirect speech: She told her daughter not to make too much noise then d Câu yêu cầu mang hình thức câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: Direct speech: Sa + Va + ((prep) + Oa + (that)) “WHY + Vđặc biệt +(NOT) + Sb+ V0 / V-ing / V3/ed…… ?” → Indirect speech: Sa + Va’ + (Oa ) + (NOT) + TO +V0 + …… Ví dụ: VD1: Direct speech: John said to his friends “Why don’t we go camping in the forest?” → Indirect speech: John suggested his friends to go camping in the forest VD2: Direct speech: George said to his friends “Why we help this bad guy?” → Indirect speech: George told his friends not to help that bad guy Câu nói trực tiếp là câu trình bày: Ta làm giống bước đã hướng dẫn bên trên Chỗ nào không đổi thì viết lại Thế là xong! Câu nói trực tiếp là câu hỏi: a Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: Direct speech: Sa + Va + ((prep) + Oa + (that)) “WH- + Vđặc biệt + Sb+ V0 / V-ing / V3/ed…… ?” → Indirect speech: Sa + Va’ + (Oa ) + WH- + Sb+ Vđặc biệt (lùi thì Va’ quá khứ) + V0 / V-ing / V3/ed…… Lưu ý: Nếu động từ giới thiệu quá khứ và câu hỏi ngoặc thì đơn quá khứ đơn động từ thường thì đổi sau: a1 Với thì đơn ngoặc: Direct speech: Sa + Va + ((prep) + Oa + (that)) “WH- + DO/ DOES + Sb+ V0 …… ?” → Indirect speech: Sa + Va’ + (Oa ) + WH- + Sb+ V2/ed…… a2 Với thì quá khứ đơn ngoặc: Direct speech: Sa + Va + ((prep) + Oa + (that)) “WH- + DID + Sb+ V0 …… ?” → Indirect speech: Sa + Va’ + (Oa ) + WH- + Sb+ HAD + V3/ed…… Ví dụ: He said “Why you tell me about that, Lan?” (22) → He asked Lan why she told him about that “When will you go?”, she said to us → She asked us when we would go She said to Tom, “Where can I buy a stamp?” → She asked Tom where she could buy a stamp “What time does this film begin today?”, said the girl → The girl wanted to know what time that film began that day “What did you at school yesterday, Nam?” said his mother → Nam’s mother asked him what he had done at school the day before “Who causes the accident?”, the man said to me → The man asked me who caused the accident “What will happen if you can’t find your passport”, the man said to me → The man asked me what would happen if I couldn’t find my passport b Câu hỏi YES / NO: Direct speech: Sa + Va + ((prep) + Oa + (that)) “Vđặc biệt + Sb+ V0 / V-ing / V3/ed…… ?” → Indirect speech: Sa + Va’ + (Oa ) + IF / (WHETHER) + Sb+ Vđặc biệt (lùi thì Va’ quá khứ) + V0 / V-ing / V3/ed…… + (OR NOT) Lưu ý: Nếu động từ giới thiệu quá khứ và câu hỏi ngoặc thì đơn quá khứ đơn động từ thường thì đổi sau: b1 Với thì đơn ngoặc: Direct speech: Sa + Va + ((prep) + Oa + (that)) “DO/DOES + Sb+ V0 …… ?” → Indirect speech: Sa + Va’ + (Oa ) + IF / (WHETHER) + Sb+ V2/ed…… + (OR NOT) b1 Với thì quá khứ đơn ngoặc: Direct speech: Sa + Va + ((prep) + Oa + (that)) “DID + Sb+ V0 …… ?” → Indirect speech: Sa + Va’ + (Oa ) + IF / (WHETHER) + Sb+ HAD + V3/ed…… + (OR NOT) Ví dụ: They said, “Are you tired, Tom?” → They asked Tom if he was tired → They asked Tom whether he was tired (or not) “Have you seen that film?”, Jack said to Jane → Jack asked Jane if she had seen that film → Jack asked Jane whether she had seen that film (or not) “Did you want to need help from me, Linda?”, said John → John asked Linda if she had wanted to need help from him → John asked Linda whether she had wanted to need help from him (or not) Jim said to me, “Do you see this thief today?” → Jim asked me if I saw that thief that day → Jim asked me whether I saw that thief that day (or not) Johny said to me “Do you know Mr Lam?” → Johny asked me if I knew Mr Lam → Johny asked me whether I knew Mr Lam (or not) NHỮNG GHI CHÚ QUAN TRỌNG: Ghi chú 1: Các trường hợp không đổi lùi thì động từ: Nếu động từ mệnh đề giới thiệu dùng thì đơn, tiếp diễn, hoàn thành tương lai đơn: thì THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ câu gián tiếp không đổi Câu trực tiếp diễn tả chân lý hiển nhiên, điều luôn đúng, định lý, tiên đề,…: THÌ (tense) động từ không đổi lùi thì Yesterday the teacher said: “The earth goes round the sun” → Yesterday the teacher said the earth goes round the sun “My father always drinks coffee after dinner.” said he (23) → He said that his father always drinks coffee after dinner Các modal verbs dấu ngoặc như: WOULD, COULD, MIGHT, OUGHT TO, SHOULD, USED TO, WOULD RATHER, HAD BETTER, :không thay đổi (còn MUST MUST / HAD TO) Động từ câu câu nói có thời gian xác định: THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ câu gián tiếp không đổi He said, “I was born in 1980” → He said that he was born in 1980 “I moved to Hong Ngu in 2002”, she said → She said that she moved to Hong Ngu in 2002 Câu điều kiện loại 2, loại và Past Subjunctive (trong WISH, IF ONLY, AS IF, AS THOUGH, ) thì THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ câu gián tiếp không đổi “If I were you, I wouldn’t come here”, he said He said if he were me, he wouldn’t go there Mary said, “I wish I were a boy.” Mary said that she wished she were a boy “You acted as if you had much money ”, she said to me She told me that I had acted as if I had much money “If you had done the test well, you would have passed the exam”, Tom said Tom told me if I had done the test well, I would have passed the exam Ghi chú 2: Có trường hợp SO và SUCH nên đổi thành VERY TOO để phù hợp với tình (Dành cho học sinh giỏi nghiên cứu thêm) “I played volley ball so well yesterday”, Bob said Bob said that he had played volley ball very well the day before They said, “Mr Smith is such a famous doctor” They said that Mr Smith was a very famous doctor Ghi chú 3: Có trường hợp ta cần số thay đổi câu cảm thán: Tùy tình mà ta có thể thêm các tính từ, trạng từ để diễn tả hết ý nghĩa câu tình đó (Dành cho học sinh giỏi nghiên cứu thêm) He said, “How pleasant! Daisy comes to dinner with me.” He cried joyfully/ delightedly/ with joy that Daisy came to dinner with him He said, “I am sorry! I have no money.” He said sadly/ sorrowly/ with deep sadness that he had no money She said to him, “Excuse me for my rudeness.” She apologized him for her rudeness “Thank you for your help.” she said them She thanked them for their help Ghi chú 4: Các câu yêu cầu, đề nghị có LET’S…, PLEASE, WOULD YOU PLEASE…?, WOULD YOU MIND… ?, WOULD YOU LIKE…? thì bỏ Tương tự, ta bỏ nhóm từ YOU SHOULD… câu khuyên bảo Ghi chú 5: Thêm liên từ vào câu gián tiếp để nguyên nhân: (and/ because/ as ) She said, “I am tired I have been waiting for you for hours” She told me that she was tired because she had been waiting for me for hours “I stood at the school gate at o’clock I came to class at 7:30”, he said He said that he had stood at the school gate at o’clock and he had come to class at 7:30 GHI CHÚ CHO HỌC SINH GIỎI: Đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cách sử dụng cấu trúc câu nào được, miễn là câu nói người tường thuật diễn đạt hết ý lời nói trực tiếp là không thiết phải tuân theo các quy tắc trên cách cứng nhắc, máy móc (24) Bài tập áp dụng: Exercise 1: Hãy chọn MỘT câu trả lời đúng nhất: Tom _ that he was having a party there in the evening A asks B said C says D told Claire told me that her father _ a racehorse A owns B owned C owning D has owned You said you _ chocolate, but you had never eaten any A likes B liking C to like D liked Rachel insisted that they _ plenty of time A have B to have C having D had Rachel (a week ago): I’m taking my driving test tomorrow You (today): When I saw Rachel, she said she was taking her driving test _ A the next day B tomorrow C yesterday D last day Emma (two days ago): I’ve only had this new computer since yesterday You (today): Emma said she’d only had the new computer since _ A the day before B last day C yesterday D tomorrow Mathew (a week ago): I’m meeting a friend at the station later today You (today): Mathew said he was meeting a friend at the station later A there B last day C that week D that day What did that man say _? A at you B for you C to you D you I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _ raining there A is B were C has been D was 10 The builders have _ that everything will be ready on time A promised B promise C promises D promising 11 The doctor _ him to take more exercise A told B tell C have told D are telling 12 The last time I saw Jonathan, he looked very relaxed He explained that he’d been on holiday the _ week A ago B following C next D previous 13 Yesterday, Laura _ him to put some shelves up A asked B is asking C ask D was asked 14 Tom has _ this story wasn’t completely true A admitting that B was admitted that C admitted that D admit that 15 When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy _ day A that B the C then D this 16 16 I wonder _ the tickets are on sale or not A that B when C where D whether 17 Mathew _ Emma that her train was about to leave A has reminded B has reminded that C reminded D reminded that 18 Hello, Jim I didn’t expect to see you today Sophie said you _ ill A are B were C was D should be 19 Ann _ and left A said goodbye to me B says me goodbye C tell me goodbye D told me goodbye 20 Bill was slow, so I _ hurry A tell him B told him for C told to D told him to 21 I told you _ switch off the computer, didn’t I? A don’t B not C not to D to not 22 Sarah was driving too fast, so I _ to slow down A asked her B asked C ask D have asked her (25) 23 Someone _ me that there’d been an accident on the motorway A asked B said C spoke D told 24 Sue was very pessimistic about the situation I advised her _ A no worry B not worry C no to worry D not to worry 25 I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I asked Tom _ A giving a hand B gave a hand C to give a hand D give a hand 26 Tom said that New York _ more lively than London A is B be C was D were 27 When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday, Martin asked if he _ use the phone A can B might C may D must 28 George couldn’t help me He _ me to ask Kate A tell B said C told D say 29 Judy _ going for a walk, but no one else wanted to A admitted B offered C promised D suggested 30 Jack asked me _ A where you come from B where I come from C where I came from D where did I come from 31 She asked me _ I liked music A who B if C while D what 32 I said that I had met her _ A yesterday B the previous day C the day D the before day 33 The man asked the boys _ A why did they fight B why they were fighting C why they fight D why were they fighting 34 “ _ the door”, he said A Please open B Please to open C Opened please D Please, opening 35 I wanted to know _ return home A when would she B when will she C when she will D when she would 36 The woman wonders _ doing well at school A whether her children are B whether her children were C if her children were D her children are if 37 Peter said he was leaving for Paris _ A next week B the week previous C following week D the following week 38 “I don’t usually drink milk when _”, Mrs Pike said A she was hungry B I was hungry C I am hungry D I will be hungry 39 They said that their house had been broken into _ A two days ago B two days before C the two days before D since two days 40 She advised me _ an apple every day to stay healthy A eating B I should eat C to eat D Please, eat 41 She asked me _ the seat _ or not A If / had occupied B Whether / was occupied C If / has been occupied D Whether / occupied 42 The policeman asked us _ A had any of us seen the accident happen B whether any of us had seen the accident happen C if had any of us seen the accident happen D that if any of us had seen the accident happen 43 I asked him _ ,but he said nothing A what the matter was B what was the matter C the matter was what D what’s the matter 44 James _ him up when the bus reached the square A told me wake B asked me to wake C said me to wake D requested me waking 45 I wonder _ we’ll catch the bus _ we’ll take a taxi (26) A if / and whether B whether / or that C if / or that D whether / or whether 46 Excuse me Could you tell me _? A what time is it B what is the time C what time it is D it is what time 47 We wonder _ from his office after that scandal A why did he not resign B why he did not resign C why he not resign D why didn’t he resign 48 Jeff wanted to know _ A that why were his friends laughing B why were his friends laughing C why his friends were laughing D the reason why his friends laughing 49 Mr Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the _ day A previous B following C before D last 50 She _ him whether he liked the steak she cooked or not A asks B wondered C wanted to know D asked 51 His neighbors sometimes wondered _ he did for a living A why B when C where D what 52 Could you please tell me _? A it is how far to the nearest bus stop B how far is it to the nearest bus stop C how far to the nearest bus stop is it D how far it is to the nearest bus stop 53 Marigold wondered _ Kevin and Ruth would be at the party A that B unless C if D which 54 He asked me _ A how long you have studied English B how long had you studied English C how long you had study English D how long you had studied English 55 The passenger asked _ we landed because she was afraid of being late for the meeting A what B when C if D why 56 John asked me _ in English A what does this word mean B what that word means C what did this word mean D what that word meant 57 She said she _ collect it for me after work A would B did C must D had 58 She said I _ an angel A am B was C were D have been 59 I have ever told you he _ unreliable A is B were C had been D would be 60 I told him _ the word to Jane somehow that I _ to reach her during the early hours A passing / will try B he will pass / tried C to pass / would be trying D he passed / have tried 61 Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _ A yesterday B two days ago C the day before D the next day 62 John asked me _ interested in any kind of sports A if I were B if were I C if was I D if I was 63 John asked me _ that film the night before A that I saw B had I seen C if I had seen D if had I seen Exercise 2: Hãy chọn MỘT câu trả lời (A, B, C D) có nghĩa gần với câu đã cho: She said to Nam: “Come into my office, please ” A She told Nam to come into her office B She told Nam to come into my office C She said Nam come into her office, please D She said Nam come into my office, please The traffic policeman said, “Show me your driving license, please ” A The traffic policeman asked to show me your driving license, please (27) B The traffic policeman suggested to show him your driving license C The traffic policeman suggested showing him my driving license D The traffic policeman asked to show me his driving license Mrs Jackson said to Alice, “Could you give me a hand, please” A Mrs Jackson said Alice if she could give her a hand B Mrs Jackson told Alice to give her a hand C Mrs Jackson asked to Alice to give her a hand D Mrs Jackson cursed Alice if she could give her a hand Nam said to the taxi driver, “Please turn left at the first traffic light ” A Nam asked the taxi driver please turn left at the first traffic light B Nam said the taxi driver to turn left at the first traffic light C Nam asked the taxi driver turning left at the first traffic light D Nam told the taxi driver to turn left at the first traffic light The police said, “Don’t touch anything in the room ” A The police commanded us not to touch anything in the room B The police advised to not touch anything in the room C The police said not touch anything in the room D The police asked not touching anything in the room Mary said to John, “Can you carry my suitcase, please?” A Mary ordered John if he could carry my suitcase, please B Mary asked John if he could carry my suitcase, please C Mary had John carry her suitcase D Mary suggested John to carry her suitcase, please “Would you like to have dinner with me?”, Miss Hoa said to me A Miss Hoa asked me if would I like to have dinner with her? B Miss Hoa suggested me if I would like to have dinner with her or not C Miss Hoa told me to like to have dinner with her or not D Miss Hoa invited me to have dinner with her “You should stay in bed”, I said to him A I said him he should stay in bed B I advised him to stay in bed C I prayed him to stay in bed D I ordered him you should stay in bed My mother told me “You should visit your grandmother tomorrow” A My mother told me I should visit your grandmother tomorrow B My mother invited me to visit my grandmother tomorrow C My mother advised me to visit my grandmother the day after D My mother urged me visiting my grandmother the next day 10 His sister said, “I don’t buy this book ” A His sister said I don’t buy this book B His sister said she didn’t buy this book C His sister said I didn’t buy that book D His sister said she didn’t buy that book 11 They said, “We have to try our best to win the match ” A They said we have to try our best to win the match B They said we have to try their best to win the match C They said they had to try their best to win the match D They said they had to try our best to win the match 12 “I will expect to see you next Wednesday”, said Mary to her boy friend A Mary sai to her boy friend she would expect to see you the following Wednesday B Mary promised her boy friend that she would expect to see you the following Wednesday C Mary expected to see her boy friend the following Wednesday D Mary told boy her friend that she would expect to see him the next Wednesday 13 “She is my friend”, I said to Nam A I said to Nam she is my friend B I told to Nam she was my friend (28) C I told Nam she was my friend D I asked Nam if she was my friend 14 “Do you enjoy reading books?”, Phong asked Peter A Phong asked Peter if he enjoyed reading books B Phong asked Peter whether he enjoys reading books or not C Phong asked Peter if he enjoyed reading books or not D Phong asked Peter whether did he enjoy reading books 15 “Does she like sports?”, Hoa asked Lan A Hoa asked Lan whether she liked sports or not B Hoa asked Lan if she liked sports or not C Hoa asked Lan whether did she like sports D Hoa asked Lan if did she like sports 16 “Can you ride your bicycle to school?”, Bá said to Tuấn A Bá said to Tuấn if he could ride your bicycle to school B Bá told to Tuấn if he could ride his bicycle to school C Bá asked Tuấn if he could ride his bicycle to school D Bá advised Tuấn whether he could to ride his bicycle to school 17 “May I use your dictionary for a moment?”, Tan asked Hoa A Tan asked Hoa whether he may use her dictionary for a moment B Tan asked Hoa to use your dictionary for a moment C Tan asked Hoa if he might use your dictionary for a moment D Tan asked Hoa for using her dictionary for a moment 18 “Are you fond of watching television?”, Miss Ngân said to Mr Bình A Miss Ngân told Mr Bình if he is fond of watching television B Miss Ngân asked Mr Bình if he was fond of watching television C Miss Ngân invited Mr Bình to be fond of watching television D Miss Ngân suggested Mr Bình to watching television 19 “Will Mary be here for five days?, Tom asked Thư A Tom asked Thư will Mary be here for five days B Tom asked Thư how long would Mary be there C Tom asked Thư whether Mary would be there for five days or not D Tom asked Thư how long Mary would be there 20 “Where are you going Nam?”, Lan asked A Lan asked Nam where he was going B Lan asked Nam where he is going C Lan asked Nam where to go D Lan asked Nam where you were going 21 “Where does your father work?”, the teacher asked me A The teacher asked me where your father worked B The teacher asked me where my father worked C The teacher asked me where did my father work D The teacher asked me where did my father work 22 “How far is it from Hồ Chí Minh City to Vũng Tàu?”, a tourist asked A A tourist asked how far is it from Hồ Chí Minh City to Vũng Tàu B A tourist asked how far it is from Hồ Chí Minh City to Vũng Tàu C A tourist asked how far was it from Hồ Chí Minh City to Vũng Tàu D A tourist asked how far it was from Hồ Chí Minh City to Vũng Tàu 23 “How many people are there in your family?”, he asked Lan A He asked Lan how many people are there in my family B He asked Lan how many people there are in my family C He asked Lan how many people there were in her family D He asked Lan how many people were there in her family 24 “How long will you stay in England?”, Tâm’s friends asked him A Tâm’s friends asked him how long will he stay in England B Tâm’s friends asked him how long he will stay in England C Tâm’s friends asked him how long he would stay in England (29) D Tâm’s friends asked him how long would he stay in England 25 “We are very tired ”, they said A They said we were very tired B They said they were very tired C They said we are very tired D They said they are very tired Exercise 3: Hãy xác định câu có phần gạch cần sửa lại cho đúng: Mrs Amenuelle told to Alice to give her a hand A B C D John said the taxi driver to turn left at the first traffic lights A B C D Mary ordered John if he could carry her suitcase, please A B C D Johnson Nancy Lee asked me if would I like to have dinner with her A B C D Hoa asked Lan whether did she like sports or not A B C D Bá told to Tuấn if he could ride his bicycle to school A B C D Phong asked Peter whether he enjoys reading books or not A B C D Mary promised her boy friend that she would expect to see him next Wednesday A B C D A tourist asked how far was it from Hồ Chí Minh City to Huế A B C D 10 He asked Lan how many people there are in her family A B C D 11 Minh’s friends asked him how long would he stay in Paris A B C D 12 She asked me if he wants to buy any second-hand books A B C D 13 He wanted to know Hồng if would have time to play badminton regularly A B C D 14 My mother told me that I work very rd A B C D 15 He said they had a lift very often but it doesn’t work A B C D 16 The teacher asked me if I could answer this question A B C D 17 I asked his mother if he went to work by bus or not A B C D 18 He promised me he’ll come with you as soon as he was ready A B C D 19 My brother said he must to write some letters then A B C D 20 Peter asked me did not to stay up late and advised me to go to bed early A B C D Exercise 4: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành bài khóa đây: (30) Computers have become (1) _ of our daily lives We visit shops, offices and places of scenic (2) _ with the help of computers We pay bills prepared (3) _ computers We read newspapers and magazines (4) _ contents have been produced on computers We receive letters from and send letters to (5) _ every part of the world with the help (6) _ computers In addition, we can (7) _ learn foreign languages on computers What makes computers (8) _ a miraculous device? Each time you turn a computer on, with (9) _ hardware and software, it is (10) _ of doing almost anything you ask it (11) _ It is considered a (12) _ machine that speeds up calculations (13) _ it can add, subtract, multiply, and (14) _ with lightning speed and perfect (15) _ A computers is also an electronic (16) _ device which can manage large collections of (17) _ What is more, it is a (18) _ typewriter which allows us (19) _ and print any kind of document (20) _ all, it is a personal communicator which helps us to interact with each other very quickly and effectively A part B a part C parts D apart A beauties B beautiful C beauty D beautified A with B by C for D in A who B whom C whose D which A almost B most C almost all D the most A on B by C at D of A even B rarely C event C nearly A so B that C such D then A unsuitable B appropriate C different D various 10 A capable B improbable C incapable D probable 11 A doing B to doing C for doing D to 12 A calculated B calculate C calculating D calculator 13 A due to B because C thanks to D because of 14 A divide B dilate C dignify D diffuse 15 A accurate B accreted C acutance D accuracy 16 A storage B stored C stores D store 17 A data B datum C data D datum 18 A magical B magnified C magic D magnetic 19 A to input B inputting C to input D input 20 A under B among C over D above (31)