CONDITIONALS Type If - clause Main clause 0. Habit-Truth (talking about a general truth) Present V/Vs,es Present V/Vs,es 1. Open- condition( possib ility) Present V/Vs,es Future Will + V 2. Present unreal conditional Past : were V2/Ved Conditional 1: Would/could + V 3. Past unreal conditional Past Perfect: Had+ V3/Ved Conditional 2: Would /could + have + V3+ed 0 If you break the law, you are an offender. If you lose weight during the time of medical therapy, you regain after ward True for everyone experience 1 If the weather is beautiful, I’ll go to the beach. possible 2 If I had money I would lend you. If she were you, she wouldn’t behave like that I don’t have money. She isn’t you. 3 If I had known you came here yesterday, I would have picked you up. I didn’t know you came. Modals: Ability, Possibility and Speculation 1. Expressing Ability (Can-Could-Be able to) can – could: an ability Ex: Can you swim? / I can use his car when he’s on vacation. Be able to: describe a special achievement or a specific situation Ex: The fire spread so quickly but luckily people were able to escape. At first he couldn’t jump over the table, after a second trial, he was able to jump over it. 2. Expressing Permission (May-can-could-Do you mind…?) May I park in your driveway? Can / could I use your computer a little bit? Do you mind if I use your pen? 3. Expressing Request Can you help me? Could you please go this way? 4. Expressing possibility (May-might- could) Present and future possibility We use may, might, and could to Talk about present and future Where’s Tom? “He could be in the living room.” We aren’t sure what we are going to do tomorrow. We might go to the beach. Possibility in the past May/might/could + have + p.p “ I can’t not find my wallet anywhere.” “You may have left it at home.” 5. Expressing logical deduction (Must- can’t) Must- can’t sth. we are sure in the present Ex1: You have just had a big breakfast. You can’t be hungry. Ex2: You have worked really hard. You must be tired. In the past Yesterday you can’t have been at the swimming pool. It’s closed all day yesterday. My watch said 10. It must have been stopped. Must vs have to: Necessity or obligation Must: oneself thinks it’s important that need to be done: You must see a doctor. You mustn’t enter this room. Mustn’t: obligation not to do anything Have to: obligation or rule You have to see a doctor. You don’t have to enter this room if you don’t have class today. Don’t have to= don’t need . CONDITIONALS Type If - clause Main clause 0. Habit-Truth (talking about a general