Tài liệu Phrasalverb docx

THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Contents 8 TO THE TEACHER 9 TO THE STUDENT 10 1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal verbs 12 come from 12 figure out 13 give back 13 look for 13 put on 13 run into 14 show up 14 take off 15 2. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and do, does, and did 19 come off 20 doze off 21 fall for 21 give in 21 hear about 21 pull through 21 stay off 22 throw up 22 3. FOCUS ON: three-word phrasal verbs 25 feel up to 25 get over with 25 go along with 25 go in for 26 look forward to 26 put up with 26 screw out of 26 talk down to 26 4. FOCUS ON: present and past continuous phrasal verbs 29 cheat on 29 go after 29 look up 30 pay for 30 plan for 31 point to 31 put to 31 wrap up 32 5. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of two-word phrasal verbs 35 break down 35 burn down 37 call in 37 find out 37 hand back 37 look at 38 setup 38 6. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of three-word phrasal verbs 43 boil down to 43 come down with 43 come up with 44 get around to 44 get out of 44 go back on 44 go through with 45 monkey around with 45 7. FOCUS ON: separable phrasal verbs with long objects 48 cut up 48 hold up 49 let out 49 point out 50 run over 50 see about 51 take apart 51 take in 51 8. FOCUS ON: present perfect phrasal verbs 57 burn out 57 fall over 58 fight back 58 hear of 59 pick out 59 tear down 59 work in 60 9. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require an additional particle when used with an object, 1 64 break out 65 catch up 65 chicken out 66 get along 66 give up 66 hang up 66 hook up 67 work up 67 10. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 1 72 fall off 72 fill in 73 go ahead 73 grow up 74 hand out 74 kick back 75 lay off 75 screw up 76 11. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used in compound nouns 81 backup 82 cut off 83 drop off 84 follow up 85 take out 85 try out 86 wake up 87 work out 87 12. FOCUS ON: past perfect phrasal verbs 94 back off 94 come across 95 come up 95 fall through 96 put out 96 screw on 97 sign in 97 sign out 97 13. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 1 102 call off 102 dose off 102 hand in 103 let off 104 light up 104 track down 105 14. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives formed from phrasal verbs, 1 109 butt in 110 dress up 110 dry up 110 fill out 111 put away 111 stick up 111 use up 112 15. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and will or be going to 118 blow away 119 come through 119 dry out 120 fix up 120 go with 121 head back 122 tell on 123 16. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with gerund objects, 1 127 believe in 127 carry on 128 count on 128 get through 129 go for 130 hold off 130 put past 130 think about 131 17. FOCUS ON: adverbs and phrasal verbs 136 come over 137 get back at 137 go about 138 grow out of 138 rip up 138 wear down 139 18. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and can, could, will, and would 144 breakthrough 145 figure on 145 get off 146 go beyond 147 lift upon 147 line up 147 stand around 148 tell apart 148 19. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and the adverb right 152 aim at 152 bring back 153 bring over 153 cool off 153 go back 154 hand over 154 pull over 154 warm up 155 20. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs followed by the -ing form 160 end up 160 go around 160 Go off 162 hang around 163 lie around 164 start out 164 stay up 164 21. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and should and ought to 169 look around 170 look over 170 pick on 170 settle down 171 step on 171 take out on 171 think ahead 172 zip up 172 22. FOCUS ON: the particle up and the adverbs right and all 176 burn up 177 clear up 177 count up 178 eat up 178 heat up 178 pay up 178 plug up 179 wipe up 179 23. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require an additional particle when used with an object, 2 183 crack down 183 cut down 183 drop out 185 get away 185 hold out 186 make up 186 stay out 188 watch out 188 24. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 2 192 come down 192 Let up 193 print out 193 show off 194 slow down 194 stop over 195 trade in 195 25. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and have to, have got to, and must 200 do with 201 have on 201 hurry up 202 knock over 202 lighten up 202 plan ahead 202 settle for 203 think up 203 26. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and the adverb back 206 get together 206 go over 207 go up 208 let in on 208 open up 209 put together 209 shut off 209 start up 210 27. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle off and the adverb right 214 bite off 215 break off 215 dry off 215 knock off 216 tear off 216 wash off 216 wear off 217 wipe off 217 28. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 2 222 beef up 222 break up 222 call back 223 call up 223 carry out 223 give away 224 mess up 224 stand up 225 29. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and might, may, and can 229 ask for 229 come apart 230 drop in 230 flip out 230 look out 230 luck out 230 make out 231 run across 231 30. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives formed from phrasal verbs, 2 235 lock in 236 Lock out 236 punch in 237 put out 237 sort out 238 space out 239 wash up 239 31. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and gerund subjects 245 care for 245 cut out 246 do away with 246 do without 247 look into 247 plan on 247 put off 247 rule out 248 32. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle out 251 clean out 252 clear out 253 come out 253 empty out 255 fall out 255 go out 255 leave out 256 stick out 256 33. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and midsentence adverbs 262 blow up 263 catch on 263 come about 264 fall behind 264 goof around 264 help out 265 know about 265 pull off 265 34. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of two-and three-word phrasal verbs, 2 269 do over 269 float around 270 lead up to 270 put up to 270 stand for 270 stick around 271 stick to 271 take back 272 35. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs 276 fool around 277 go by 277 hold against 278 leave behind 278 live with 278 make of 279 narrow down 279 trick into 279 36. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle down 283 back down 283 calm down 284 fall down 284 go down 284 lay down 285 put down 285 run down 286 sit down 287 37. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 3 292 brush off 292 come on 293 cover up 294 hang out 294 leave over left over 294 Let down 295 talk to 296 38. FOCUS ON: the verb keep and adverbs and adverbials showing degrees of variability 301 keep at 302 keep away 302 keep down 302 keep from 303 keep off 303 keep on 303 keep to 304 keep up 304 39. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 3 308 chop up 309 cross off 309 fill up 309 pick up 310 sell out 311 straighten out 312 take over 312 wipe out 313 40. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs vs. phrasal verbs followed by the -ing form 319 -ing form 319 gerund 319 blow off 319 burst out 320 come back 320 get off on 321 go away 321 run around 321 stick with 322 41. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs with the particle in that require into when used with an object 326 break in 327 Check out 328 go in 329 let in 329 plug in 329 sneak in 330 sneak out 330 42. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with get, 1 334 get back 334 get behind 335 get down 336 get in 336 get out 337 get over 338 get up 339 43. FOCUS ON: modals and present perfect phrasal verbs 343 blow out 344 give out 345 gross out 345 run up 345 shut up 346 stop off 346 try on 346 44. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives and passive phrasal verbs with the verb get 352 beat up 353 mix up 354 piss off 355 rip off 355 45. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the verb turn 360 turn down 360 turn in 360 turn into 361 turn off 361 turn on 362 turn out 363 turn over 364 turn up 365 46. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of phrasal verbs with the particle into 370 build in 370 bump into 370 con into 371 con out of 371 freak out 371 make for 371 talk into 371 talk out of 372 47. FOCUS ON: particles used without verbs 376 brush up 376 come in 377 cut back 377 move in 378 move out 378 pull out 379 put in 379 run out 380 48. FOCUS ON: modals and present perfect passive phrasal verbs 384 close down 385 knock out 385 look down on 386 look up to 386 put back 386 switch off 387 throw out 387 49. FOCUS ON: combinations of get, right, back, and to 392 dog up 395 get ahead 395 get back to 395 get on 395 get to 396 hang on 397 start off 397 throw away 397 50. FOCUS ON: Keep at it! 402 ask out 402 come down to 402 deal with 402 hold on 403 pay back 403 take up on 403 turn around 403 wear out 404 Answers 410 Index 432 Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS To the Teacher / iv To the Student / v 1. Separable and Nonseparable Phrasal Verbs / 1 2. Phrasal Verbs and do, does, and did / 8 3. Three-Word Phrasal Verbs / 14 4. Present and Past Continuous Phrasal Verbs / 18 5. Pronunciation of Two-Word Phrasal Verbs / 24 6. Pronunciation of Three-Word Phrasal Verbs / 32 7. Separable Phrasal Verbs with Long Objects / 37 8. Present Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 46 9. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an Additional Particle When Used with an Object, 1 / 53 10. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 1 / 61 11. Phrasal Verbs Used in Compound Nouns / 70 12. Past Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 83 13. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 1 / 91 14. Participle Adjectives Formed from Phrasal Verbs, 1 / 98 15. Phrasal Verbs and will or be going to /107 16. Phrasal Verbs with Gerund Objects, 1 / 116 17. Adverbs and Phrasal Verbs / 125 18. Phrasal Verbs and can, could, will, and would / 133 19. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb right I 141 20. Phrasal Verbs Followed by the -ing Form / 149 21. Phrasal Verbs and should and ought to 158 22. The Particle up and the Adverbs right and all I 165 23. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an Additional Particle When Used with an Object, 2 / 172 24. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 2 / 180 25. Phrasal Verbs and have to, have got to, and must / 188 iii 26. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb bade / 194 27. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle off and the Adverb right I 202 28. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 210 29. Phrasal Verbs and might, may, and can /217 30. Participle Adjectives Formed from Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 223 31. Phrasal Verbs and Gerund Subjects / 233 32. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle our / 239 33. Phrasal Verbs and Midsentence Adverbs / 250 34. Pronunciation of Two- and Three- Word Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 257 35. Gerund Phrasal Verbs / 264 36. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle down / 271 37. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 3 / 280 38. The Verb keep and Adverbs and Adverbials Showing Degrees of Variability / 289 39. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 3 / 296 40. Gerund Phrasal Verbs vs. Phrasal Verbs Followed by the -ing Form / 307 41. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs with the Particle in That Require into When Used with an Object / 314 42. Phrasal Verbs with get, 1 / 322 43. Modals and Present Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 331 44. Participle Adjectives and Passive Phrasal Verbs with the Verb get I 340 45. Phrasal Verbs with the Verb rum / 348 46. Pronunciation of Phrasal Verbs with the Particle into / 358 47. Particles Used Without Verbs / 364 48. Modals and Present Perfect Passive Phrasal Verbs / 372 49. Combinations of get, right, back, and tо / 380 50. Keep at It! / 390 Answers to Exercises / 398 Index / 410 TO THE TEACHER The inspiration for The Ultimate Phrasal Verb Book came about when a student asked me for a textbook to help her learn the meanings of common phrasal verbs. I had nothing to offer. The only textbook focusing on common verbs that I could give her contains not one phrasal verb — it teaches arise but not get up, awake but not wake up, seek but not look for. Phrasal verbs are verbs, not idiomatic curiosities. There is no logic to classifying take over with take the bull by the horns. Phrasal verbs are an essential part of spoken and written English at all levels, and no student who hopes to master the language can afford to overlook them. Although this textbook is intended primarily for high-intermediate to advanced students, ambitious students at lower levels will benefit from it as well. Only some FOCUS sections may prove to be a little beyond them; otherwise, there is nothing to prevent any student from studying the definitions and examples and attempting the exercises. A vocabulary textbook should provide mechanics as well as meaning. Students want to know more than what a word means — they want to know how to use it correctly. The importance of mechanics is the reason for the emphasis on the prepositions required when some phrasal verbs are used transitively and for the inclusion of reviews of points of grammar not specific to phrasal verbs. Prepositions are the glue that holds English together, but many students falter when using newly learned verbs because they do not know that a preposition is also required, or if they do, which one. This aspect of English is not given the attention it deserves because it is difficult to teach — there are no rules that govern when a preposition, or which preposition, is required, and no teacher likes to say "You just have to remember." The hope of the latter feature, the discussion of points of grammar not specific to phrasal verbs, is that combining practice with phrasal verbs and practice with a variety of grammatical structures will increase not only the student's confidence in the knowledge of phrasal verbs but also his or her willingness and ability to use them in a wider range of situations. There is inevitably a degree of oversimplification. That phrasal verb particles are sometimes prepositions and sometimes adverbs is mentioned only once. No purpose is served by differentiating between them, and the overlap between the two is confusing to the student. Phrasal verbs are not identified as transitive or intransitive because this is dictated by logic. Less common meanings of some phrasal verbs have not been included. Adverb placement is presented and illustrated in simplified form without discussion of the different types of adverbs — doing so would have gone beyond the scope of this textbook. iv THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Student And no differentiation is made between recognized adjectives derived from past participles and past participles with adjectival meaning. The adjectival use of past participles (both phrasal and nonphrasal) is an extremely important aspect of spoken English — something every student of English should be familiar with — yet the dividing line between true adjectives derived from past participles and passive sentences employing past participles with adjectival meanings is ill-defined and problematic. Native speakers of English regularly use past participles in superficially passive sentences with purely adjectival meaning. Whether the past participles are verbs or actually adjectives is of no concern to the native speaker and is entirely irrelevant to the student of English. Rather than distract the student with an unnecessary element of confusion, both are referred to as participle adjectives throughout this textbook. The exercises in this textbook are intended to reinforce meaning and mechanics. A cloze exercise always comes first, followed by exercises focusing on sentence structure and the FOCUS discussion. Last are exercises that ask the student to answer questions or write original sentences. There is a good deal of review built into this textbook. Every section contains two or more exercises requiring the student to refer back to a previous section in order to review a phrasal verb, participle adjective, or noun. When a phrasal verb has two or more meanings, it is intentional that no help is provided to the student in determining which meaning applies; students have to review them all and figure it out for themselves. I have tried in this textbook to imitate the form and content of everyday English. If occasionally the register and subject matter of some examples and exercises seem not quite right for formal discourse, that is deliberate. Students need to learn formal English, of course, but since most people speak informally most of the time, students need to gain familiarity with the syntax, usage, and content of the informal English they read and hear every day at work, at school, at home, and on television. TO THE STUDENT Phrasal verbs are combinations of ordinary verbs like put, take, come, and go and particles like in, out, on, and off. They are a very important part of everyday English. Every student of English needs a basic understanding of the most common phrasal verbs and also of common nouns and adjectives made from phrasal verbs. Most phrasal verbs are nor informal, slang, or improper for educated speech or formal writing. Exactly the opposite is true — most phrasal verbs are acceptable at all levels of spoken or written English. In fact, for many of the phrasal verbs in this textbook, there is no alternative to the phrasal verb — there is no other way to say it. v