Là mệnh đề không cần thiết phải có để làm chức năng giới hạn danh từ đứng trước nó, nghĩa là bản thân danh từ đứng trước nó bổ nghĩa.. Vì thế mệnh đề này thường dùng sau danh từ riêng h[r]
(1)1 TRƯỜNG THCS & THPT ĐINH TIÊN HOÀNG
TỔ ANH VĂN
ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP ANH VĂN HỌC KỲ II – NĂM HỌC 2020-2021 PART I – GRAMMAR POINTS
I CONDITIONAL SENTENCES – CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN:
TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE USAGE
TYPE – LOẠI Present Real Condition Điều kiện có thật tương lai
Simple Present
S + Vo/ Vs/es S + WILL + Vo Simple Future CAN
MAY
Diễn tả việc xảy tương lai
TYPE – LOẠI Present Unreal Condition Điều kiện khơng có thật
Past Subjunctive S + V2/Ved (BE WERE cho ngôi)
Future in the past S + WOULD + Vo COULD
MIGHT
Diễn tả kiện không thật hay trái với thật Ex: Type 1: If it rains this evening, I won’t go out Lan will miss the bus if she doesn’t hurry Type 2: If I were you, I would buy that book He could buy a bike if he had enough money
- Unless (Trừ phi) = If …not (Nếu … không) EX: If you don’t get up early, you will miss the bus = Unless you get up early, you will miss the bus II CONNECTIVES
1 and, but, or:
a and (và): từ nối dùng để nối từ, cụm từ hay mệnh đề với Eg: + We buy vegetables, bread, fish and meat every day
+ Yesterday she watered the flowers and went shopping
+ James said that he was never late for class and that he always did his homework b but (nhưng): để diễn đạt ý trái ngược với ý nói trước
Eg: + He is intelligent but lazy
+ I like bananas but my brother doesn’t + She tried hard but failed
c or (hoặc là/hay là): dùng đưa lựa chọn
Eg: + Do you come from France or German? + Is that good or bad?
2 so, because: a so (vì vậy/ thế)
Eg: She heard the bad news, so she cried b because (bởi vì/ do)
Eg: She cried because she heard the bad news However, Therefore,
a However (tuy nhiên): dùng để diễn đạt ý trái ngược với ý nói trước Eg: She rich and beautiful However, she is not happy
b Therefore (do đó/vì thế): đựơc dùng để hậu Eg: He’s busy Therefore, he can’t help you
III.RELATIVE CLAUSES Mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề bắt đầu đại từ quan hệ who /whom
(2)2 Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
Là mệnh đề cần thiết phải có để làm chức giới hạn, làm rõ nghĩa danh từ đứng trước Mệnh đề thường khơng có dấu phẩy trước sau
Eg: I don’t know the girl whom/that you met yesterday Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
Là mệnh đề khơng cần thiết phải có để làm chức giới hạn danh từ đứng trước nó, nghĩa thân danh từ đứng trước bổ nghĩa Vì mệnh đề thường dùng sau danh từ riêng danh từ bổ nghĩa (Mr Pike, Mrs Hoa, ), thường có dấu phẩy trước sau
Eg: Mr Pike, who is my neighbor, is very nice
a Relative pronouns Functions ( Chức năng)
Defining (Xác định)
Non-defining (Không xác định) Subject
( Chủ ngữ )
Người WHO / THAT WHO
Vật WHICH / THAT WHICH
Object ( Tân ngữ )
Người WHOM / THAT WHOM
Vật WHICH / THAT WHICH
Posessive ( Sở hữu )
Người WHOSE WHOSE
Vật WHOSE WHOSE
b Relative adverbs
-When -> time -Where -> place * Eg:
1 Monday is the day We will come then
-> Monday is the day when we will come I never forget the village I was born there.
-> I never forget the village where I was born
IV MAKING SUGGESTIONS – ĐƯA RA LỜI ĐỀ NGHỊ
Để đưa đề nghị làm với ta điều gì, ta có câu đề nghị sau:
I SUGGEST + V-ING EX: I suggest having a party
I SUGGEST + (THAT)+ S + SHOULD + V EX: I suggest (that )we should have a party I THINK WE SHOULD + V EX: I think we should go out for a drink
LET’S + V … EX: Let’s go fishing
SHALL WE + V ….? EX: Shall we have dinner?
WHY DON’T YOU/ WE +V …? EX: Why don’t we speak English in class? WHAT ABOUT + V-ING ….? What about playing soccer?
HOW ABOUT + V-ING ….? EX: How about going to the dentist?
V ADVERB CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng ) A Although / even though / though + clause: Mặc dù…
1/ We continued working although we were tired = Although we were tired, we continued working
2/ I didn’t get the job even though I had all the necessary qualifications = Even though I had all the necessary qualifications, I didn’t get the job
3/ I couldn’t sleep though I was very tired Eg: 4/ Though the girl isn’t beautiful, I like her voice
5/ Even though I see him every day, I’ve never spoken to him
(3)3 = In spite of / Despite the bad traffic, I arrived on time
Although it rained heavily, we enjoyed our vacation
= We enjoyed our vacation in spite of / despite the heavy rain
VI MODALS: may, might
Diễn tả khả xảy ra, khơng phải chắn 100%
MAY / MIGHT + Vo Eg: + What is in this box?
It may / might be a watch + She may / might have a cold VII PHRASAL VERBS – CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ
Cụm động từ gọi Động từ hai từ (Two-word verb) hay động từ kép, kết hợp động từ trạng từ giới từ
account for: chiếm
break down: bị hư, bị hỏng break out: nổ ra, xảy catch up: đuổi kòp
carry out: tiến hành, thực
come in: vào come back: trở
come on/ carry on: tiếp tục cut down: cắt giảm
depend on: phụ thuộc fall down: giảm sút fill in: điền vào
get along with: hịa thuận với get on: bước/ lên
give out: chia, phân phát give up: từ bỏ
go on/ keep on: tiếp tục hold on: đợi máy, giữ máy make up one’s mind = decide live on: sống nhờ vào
look forward to: trơng đợi look at: nhìn
look after: chăm sóc look up: tra từ look for: tìm kiếm look down: coi thường look out: coi chừng, cẩn thận ring up: gọi điện
run into: gặp bất ngờ run out of: cạn, hết put on: mặc vào put off: hoãn lại
set out: khởi hành
set up: xây dựng, thành lập sit down: ngồi xuống stand for: thay cho stand up: đứng lên take off: cởi ra, cất cánh try on: mặc thử
turn on: bật, vặn lên turn off: tắt
turn out: trở nên
turn up: vặn lớn lên, xuất turn down: vặn nhỏ lại, từ chối turn round: quay lại
wake up: thức dậy
walk across: ngang qua work out: xây dựng VIII PREPOSITIONS – GIỚI TỪ:
1) PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
* At (lúc, vào lúc): dùng nói cho thời gian ngày dịp lễ
Ex: at o’clock, at 11.45, at night, at midnight, at noon, at lunchtime, at Christmas
* On (vào): dùng cho ngày tuần, ngày tháng, ngày tháng năm, ngày cụ thể
Ex: on Monday, on 15 September, on 25 December 2005, on Christmas Day, on Sunday morning, * In (trong, vào): dùng cho tháng, năm, mùa, buổi, kỷ
Ex: in July, in 2005, in the morning, in the 21st century, in the 1970s * For (trong khoảng thời gian)
Ex: for two hours, for 30 minutes, for years, for a week, for a long time, for ages
* Since (từ, từ khi) Ex: since 6.30 am, since Monday, since 2003, since last year, since I was a child * Till/ Until (đến, khi) Ex: He’ll be at work until o’clock
* Before (trước, trước khi) Ex: He often takes a bath before dinner * After (sau, sau khi) Ex: I’ll see you after the meeting
* Between (giữa khoảng thời gian) Ex: This office will be closed between Christmas and New Year 2) PREPOSITIONS WITH ADJECTIVES – GIỚI TỪ VỚI TÍNH TỪ
(4)4 - to be fed up with : chaùn
- to be amazed at: ngạc nhiên, sửng sốt - to be bored with : chán
- to be amused at: thích thú, vui thích - to be proud of : tự hào
- to be delighted at : vui thích - to be kind /nice /polite /rude to : tử tế, ân cần, lịch sự,thô lỗ
- to be keen on : say mê - to be angry with: giận với (ai)
- to be angry about : giận (cái gì)
- to be fond of : thích -to be open to : mở cho
- to be convenient for: thuận tiện cho
- to tired of : mệt mỏi
- to be good at : giỏi (mơn gì) - to be excited about : sôi nổi, hào hứng - to be bad at: dở (mơn gì) -to be satisfied with : hài lòng,thõa mãn với - to be afraid of: sợ (ai/ gì) - to be surprised at : kinh ngạc
- to be weak in: yếu (môn gì) - to be ashamed of : xấu hổ
- to be on : diễn, chiếu - to be famous /well-known /responsible for :nổi tiếng, có trách nhiệm veà
- to be worried /nervous about:sợ hãi, lo lắng về, chịu trách nhiệm
IX CÁC DẠNG VIẾT LẠI CÂU( Sentence transformation)
1 It takes + O + time + to V took
will take
-> S + spend(s) / spent + time + v_ing -to V ago S + started / began
-V_ing in, when
- for -> S + have /has + p.p
- since This is the first time + S + have/has +p.p -> S + have/ has + not + p.p before
In + năm S + last + Ved/ c2 + when + mệnh đề
Khoảng thời gian + ago
-> The last time + S + Ved/c2 + + was + in / ago -> It’s + năm / khoảng tg + since + S + V(ed/c2) -> S + haven’t / hasn’t + p.p for / since when + did + S + V(bare inf) ?
-> how long + have/has +S + p.p ? When + did + S + last + V(bare inf) ?
-> how long is it + Since + S + last + ved/c2 ? V_ing/ to V + be + (very) + adj
-> It + be + (very) + adj + to V
7 excited about look forward to + V-ing
keen on looking forward to + V-ing
PART II – PRACTICE
I Choose A, B, C or D to complete the sentences
(5)5 I suggest _more safari parks in Vietnam
A build B to build C built D building
3 Don’t _- too many pesticides on trees and plants
A spray B pump C enhance D tie These companies are heavily fined for chemicals into the river
A discharging B dumping C producing D exposing People are the rivers and sea by pouring raw sewage directly into water
A spraying B polluting C checking D complaining
6 This organization was set up to endangered species from extinction
A protect B distinguish C preserve D survive putting garbage bins around the schoolyard to prevent lazy students from littering
A I suggest B Why not C How about D Let’s He was badly tired, he took a rest before carrying on his work
A and B but C if D.so Who you look ? Your mom or your dad?
A to B for C after D.at Tom finally won his after 12 years in prison
A slavery B slaver C free time D freedom
10 Do you remember the woman son I told you yesterday?
A who B whom C whose D when
11 Many people were injured when the building
A collapsed B destroyed C struck D erupted 12 Sue: "You have read that article on the website, haven't you?" – Peter: " "
A Sure, thanks B Not at all! Go ahead C Not yet Why? D Yes, of course, I will 13 Electricity, gas and water are _ It is not easy to live without them
A luxuries B appliances C sources D necessities
14 The city was completely destroyed in Italy in A.D 79 was Pompeii A who B whom C which D whose 15 There are two seasons, a dry _ a rainy one, in Southern Vietnam
A and B but C or D so
16 Last Lunar New Year’s Eve, after my dad _ to our ancestors, we ate sweet soup A prayed B had prayed C was praying D has prayed 17 Please get your water pipes regularly for crack?
A check B to check C checking D checked
18 _ Passover, Jewish people eat a special meal called the Seder
A At B In C On D With 19 Hung: In the case of an earthquake where should someone stay? – Trang: A Outside, because he can run far away B Inside and sit under a strong table
C Outside and stand under a big tree D Inside and stand by the window to breathe 20 We need new laws to the country’s natural resources
A dissolve B protect C fix D realize 21 He looks forward his old friends in that club
A see B.to seeing C seeing D to see
22 Luckily, the _ caused by the typhoon was not serious
A sewage B innovation C freedom D damage 23 We are very happy to be in Ms Hoa’s class She’s a very _ teacher
A disappointed B profitable C considerate D abrupt 24 Consumers spend much money on luxuries must be very rich
A whose B which C whom D who 25 Should we stay inside _ outside in case of an earthquake? – Inside
A and B but C or D so 26 If you keep your neighborhood clean, you _ an ideal place to live
(6)6 27. _ he wants to lose weight, he has eaten less
A Because B Because of C Though D In spite of
28 _ Passover nights, Jewish people enjoy a meal called the Seder A At B In C For D On
29 Lan: Why should we fill all the buckets with water before a typhoon comes? - Hoa: Because _ A Water may turn dark and can’t be used B There’s no running water to protect water pipes C Water pipes may be broken by typhoon D Nobody use water at that time
30 Easter is a festival ……… takes place in March
A which B whose C when D who
31 The woman ………… is wearing the red dress sings beautifully
A which B when C whose D who
32 Thu took the trip to Dalat where her grandparent ………… long ago
A live B lives C to live D lived
33 Tan’s parents bought a car ……… they like very much
A who B where C when D which
34 Thuy: Congratulate you on your passing the exam Tien:………
A No, thanks B All right C Thanks D You’re welcome 35 Ho Chi Minh City ……… sunny tomorrow
A be B will be C is D was
36 On Easter Day, people … the streets to watch colorful parades
A gather B crowd C include D clear
37 Tien: I think that Mother’s day should be celebrated nationwide Thao: ………
A No, I don’t B No, thanks C All right D I agree with you
38 Our parents are going ……… the anniversary of their 50th wedding
A celebrated B celebrate C celebrating D to celebrate 39 Ho Chi Minh city’s temperatures will be …… …….27% and 35%
A at B in C on D between 40 It's very nice … you to say so
A of B on C in D by
41 ……….Mrs .Ha was tired ,she tried to help her son
A Although B So C As D Because
42 Vietnam, …… … is in the Southeast Asian, is considered the pearl of the region
A that B which C when D whom
43 Ba are very hungry he didn’t eat anything
A although B and C but D because
44 Can you turn the volume ……… a little? I can’t hear it very clearly
A on B up C down D in
45 Mount Pinatubo, ……… is a volcano in Philippine, erupted in 1991
A who B which C that D where
46 ……… are the result of an abrupt shift in the underwater movement of the Earth A Typhoons B Tornadoes C Tidal waves D Earthquakes
47 In 1995, a huge earthquake the city of Kobe in Japan
A struck B strike C stricken D striking 48 They made their living by fish in the ocean every day
A catch B catching C caught D to catch 49 I look _ to seeing the protection of environment from the local authority
A for B at C forward D after 50 There is too much traffic , the air is polluted
A Since B Therefore C However D But 51 I suggest _ harder on the pronunciation
(7)7 52 He told me he to leave the city the following day
A will have B would have C has D had 53 I’m that I can go to Dalat this time
A excited B exciting C excitement D excite 54 Auld Lang Syne is a song which is sung on
A Easter B Christmas
C New Year’s Eve D New Year’s Day
55 People in Israel are going to celebrate their festival is called Passover
A where B who C whose D which
56 I was really tired, I couldn’t sleep
A Therefore B Because of C Even though D So 57 If I enough money, I’ll buy a dictionary
A have B had C will have D would have 58 Tomorrow we’ll go to Noi Bai Airport to meet David,…… comes from England
A whom B who C which D that
59 What would you if you a ghost?
A see B have seen C saw D will see
60 The English examination will be held ……… May 5th, 2011
A in B on C at D to
61 Mrs Yen forgot to turn ………… the faucet when she left for work
A on B up C off D down
62 Ben Tre’s temperatures will be ……… 27oC and 35o C
A between B in C on D at
63 They haven’t come back to their hometown……… 1991
A in B for C since D on
64 Tom decided to continue with his studies
A get on B go on C work on D turn on
65 .Hung:”Thank you very much for a lovely party.” Hoa: “……… ”
A Thanks B Have a good day C You are welcome D Cheers 66 You look ……… in your new dress
A beautiful B beauty C well D beautifully
67 Nam’s father, ……… is 78 years old, goes swimming every day
A that B who C whose D whom
68 I am ……… that people have spoiled this area
A disappointed B disappoint C disappointedly D disappointing 69 ………… can we reduce the amount of garbage?
A What B Why C How D Which
70 In my family, lighting ……… for 30 percent of the electricity bill
A looks B accounts C takes D chooses
II What the following sings mean? Choose the most correct answer (A, B, C or D)
1 A Please swing when you drive on this road B Please take care as the road is slippery C Please take care as the road is dark
D Please swing if there is a car in front of you
(8)8 A There is road work ahead
B Someone is building a house ahead C Join us to repair the road
D Help us to repair the road A There are no houses ahead B This is end of town zone
C There are not any factories ahead D This is not a city
5 A You are driving near a school
B There are children on the street C Be careful! Slow down
D All above are correct
6 A Please put garbage into the basket B Don’t put garbage into the basket C Please put the basket conveniently
D Don’t put the basket conveniently
III Give the correct form of the words in brackets
1 The city was severely damaged by the earthquake’s (destroy)
2 We should care more about the _ of natural resources (preserve) are worried about our environment (conserve) She dislikes this machine because it works (effect) The water here is , so we can drink it (pollute) Hydroelectric power is inexpensive and safe (environment ) Please end the letter _ polite)
(9)9 18 Sheraton is a _ hotel (luxury)
19 eruptions can be extremely damaging to the environment (volcano) 20 I think it is dangerous to climb a mountain on a day when it is (storm)
IV Rewrite each of the sentences so that the meaning stays the same
1 You don’t study hard You will feel sorry later Unless _
2 Yesterday I was absent from class because I was sick
Because of _
3 “How about taking these bottles and cans to recycling centers?” said the local authorities The local authorities suggested that _ Do you know the woman? I have broken her window
Do you know _?
5 Deforestation causes floods to be more serious
=> If there is _ Mr Long is a conservationist He has just been nominated for the leadership
=> Mr Long I was very happy because of being given many gifts on my birthday
=> I was very happy because _ Their water bills are usually enormous, but they still waste water
=> Though Exhaust fumes are a cause of people’s respiratory problems
=> If there are _ 10 That machine was very expensive It became useless after being used for a year.)
=> That machine, _ 11 The storm disappeared soon, so everybody was glad
=> Everybody was glad 12 In spite of receiving heavy fines, those people continue dynamite fishing
=> Those people continue dynamite fishing even though _ 13 We gave Mom roses The roses were very beautiful
=>We gaveMom roses………
14 That woman is a singer She is talking with your father
=>That woman ……… 15 Although Mrs Thoa was tired, she helped Tuan with his homework
=>……… but ……… 16 Liz has an exam tomorrow but she is still watching TV now
=>Although……… 17 What about organizing a charity event to raise money?
=>I suggest we 18 Mr Brown is an English teacher He teaches us
=>Mr Brown, 19 Water these plants or they will die
=>If we 20 It rained heavily yesterday, but we went to school on time
=> Although
V Use the given word or phrase to write the complete sentence:
1 Anyone catching fish / should prohibit / Local authorities / and fine heavily / in this way => 500 liters of water/ can / A dripping faucet / waste / a month
=>
3 The most / 150,000 people / earthquake / in Japanese history / damaged Tokyo / and / killed about / disastrous
(10)10 Thousands of people/ scientists / in advance / because / had warned / them / about / the disaster / were saved /
=> Thousands of people……… a time/ it is/ to clean and decorate / for families / their homes
=> make/ energy saving/ Why don’t you/ posters / on?
=> your nomination/m3e / Let/ you/ on/ congratulate
=> occur/ in / Most of / in the world/ the earthquakes / the Ring of Fire
=> important / Tet/ is/ the most /celebration / Vietnamese people/ of
=> 10 is celebrated / and / all Jewish people/ is Israel / by / Passover
=>
VI Reading comprehension:
Since most of the Earth’s surface is water, numerous earthquakes happen beneath the planet’s oceans Underwater earthquakes cause the seafloor to move This result is the displacement of water in the ocean When this occurs, a tsunami may form This is a wave that forms on the surface and moves in all directions from the place where the earthquake happened A tsunami moves extremely quickly and can travel thousands of kilometers As it approaches land, the water near the coast gets sucked out to sea This causes the tsunami to increase in height Minutes later, the tsunami arrives A large tsunami – one more than ten meters in height can travel far inland As it does that, it can flood the land, destroy human settlements, and kill large numbers of people
A Read the passage, then decide whether the statements that follow are TRUE or FALSE
1 Earthquakes occur on land only _
2 When there is a displacement of water in the ocean, a tsunami may form _ A tsunami travels in a short distance and then disappears _ A tsunami only causes damage at sea and along coast _
B Questions:
1 What is the passage mainly about? A Earthquakes and tsunamis
B Earthquakes are different from tsunami C What damage is caused by a tsunami? D What causes tsunami and how they act?
2 What can be inferred from the passage? (infer: suy ra)
A The seafloor is not a safe place for marine life B Earthquakes can occur everywhere in the world C A tsunami cannot happen without an earthquake D Both earthquakes and tsunamis are dangerous
Since most of the Earth’s surface is water, numerous earthquakes happen beneath the planet’s oceans Underwater earthquakes cause the seafloor to move This result is the displacement of water in the ocean When this occurs, a tsunami may form This is a wave that forms on the surface and moves in all directions from the place where the earthquake happened A tsunami moves extremely quickly and can travel thousands of kilometers As it approaches land, the water near the coast gets sucked out to sea This causes the tsunami to increase in height Minutes later, the tsunami arrives A large tsunami – one more than ten meters in height can travel far inland As it does that, it can flood the land, destroy human settlements, and kill large numbers of people
A Read the passage, then decide whether the statements that follow are TRUE or FALSE:
(11)11
4 A tsunami cannot cause damage far into land _
B Questions:
1 What can be interred from the passage? (infer: suy ra) A A tsunami occurs after an underwater earthquake B Earthquakes are as dangerous as tsunamis
C Earthquakes on land are different from earthquakes beneath the oceans D The seafloor is rather quiet
2 What is the passage mainly about? A Earthquakes and tsunamis
B How a tsunami forms and acts C Damage caused by a tsunami
D Differences between earthquakes and tsunamis
VII Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the passage:
The Songkran or Water festival is the traditional Thai New Year’s celebration Generally, it (1) for a period of days, from April 13 to 15 – the hottest time (2) the year The word “Songkran” is from Sanskrit, meaning the beginning of a new solar year In the traditional Thai (3)
_, this falls in April, when the sun enters Aries (4) , the Songkran festival is held to mark the beginning of a solar new year
Songkran is celebrated all over Thailand, (5) _ in the northern province of Chiang Mai and at Paklat, a riverside area of Pra Pradaeng in Samut Prakarn Province Songkran is celebrated (6) in Thailand but also in neighboring countries, such as Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia
1 A is held B is holding C holds D has held
2 A in B over C of D throughout
3 A service B celebration C regulation D calendar
4 A Then B However C Therefore D Also
5 A mostly B regularly C lately D especially
6 A as well as B not only C not as well D both
The Songkran or Water festival is the traditional Thai New Year’s celebration Generally, it (1) for a period of days, from April 13 to 15 – the hottest time (2) the year The word “Songkran” is from Sanskrit, meaning the beginning of a new solar year In the traditional Thai (3)
_, this falls in April, when the sun enters Aries (4) , the Songkran festival is held to mark the beginning of a solar new year
Songkran is celebrated all over Thailand, (5) _ in the northern province of Chiang Mai and at Paklat, a riverside area of Pra Pradaeng in Samut Prakarn Province Songkran is celebrated (6) in Thailand but also in neighboring countries, such as Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia
1 A holds B is holding C is held D has held
2 A in B of C over D throughout
3 A calendar B celebration C regulation D service
4 A However B Therefore C Also D Then
5 A mostly B regularly C especially D lately
6 A both B as well as C not as well D not only
VIII Put the words given in the box into each correct blank
containers earthquake important inside look prevent rollers window
(12)12 Planning where you are going to be during an earthquake is very (7) The first thing to remember is to stay (8) Then you should sit under a strong table or doorway, or stand in the corner of a room
occurs members for food celebrations clean happen
“ There are many (1) throughout the year in Vietnam but Tet or the Lunar New Year is the most important celebration (2) Vietnamese people Tet usually (3) in late January or early February A few days before Tet is the time for people to (4) and decorate their homes During Tet, people, young and old, enjoy special (5) cooked on the occasion of Tet It is also the time for family (6) to be together”