O day, Lambert trieu tap Cdng ddng, xem xet viec diio, keu ggi sU hda hdp trong giao hgi va thdng bao ngi dung Cdng ddng Nam Dinh.. Hdnh trinh vd Truyen gido.[r]
(1)34 Nghien cuu Ton giao Sd6 - 2009
HOI AN TRONG HANH TRINH
TRUYEN BA CONG GIAO TAI VIET NAM
C o t h e ndi r a n g , Hgi An la mdt t r o n g nhUng t h a n h phd' cd nha't d Viet N a m cdn lai k h a n g u y e n ven cho den n a y TrUde day, v u n g da't n a y dugc ggi ten la Faifoo Ve n g u d n gd'c eua t e n ggi n a y cd r a t n h i e u each g i i i thich k h a c n h a u n h u la: chU H a i Phd m a hoac ten xdm Hoa kieu la P h a i p h a o ngUdi Viet dgc t h a n h H a i P h a o ngUdi Bd Dao N h a p h i e n a m t h a n h P h a i p h o Lai ed each li giai eho r a n g , xua't p h a t tfl vi tri dia li cua Hgi An d ben cda song Hoai G i a n g (Thu Bdn) ngUdi T a u ggi la Hoai Phd' Viet theo ki tU La t i n h la Haifo, va d i n d i n theo thdi g i a n bien diing t h a n h Faifod"
Tfl cudi t h e ki XVI trd di chUa N g u y e n da td chUc cac ddn vi h a n h chinh, d a t t h u e xua't n h a p c a n g , md cfla Hdi An giao thfldng vdi nUdc ngoai bien Hdi An trd t h a n h ndi b u d n b a n ciic ki t h i n h vUdng, la ndi hgi tta cua n h i e u d o a n thu'dng gia tfl n h i e u ndi t r e n t h e gidi t r o n g dd ddng n h a t la t h U d n g gia c u a N h a t va T r u n g Hoa D e n cud! t h e ki XVI, Hdi An da la mdt h a i c a n g qud'c t e c u a V i e t N a m vdi sti giao t h U d n g eiia ngUdi Bd Dad N h a , A n h N h a t va T r u n g H d a Hgi A n t r d t h a n h thu'dng c a n g m a u dich vdi ngoai qudc va ndi dd hgi b u d n b a n ldn nha't cua t o a n Daijg T r o n g Li giai viec Hdi An trd t h a n h mdt t h U d n g c a n g ldn luc biiy gid, P h a n K h o a n g cho r a n g : "Hgi An
DOAN TRIEI' LONG •
chiim dia vi dy la vi Quang Nam Id trdn giau cd xd, phdn nhieu sdn vdt quy deu ddt dy sdn xudt, lgi d gdn Chiem Thdnh, Quy Nhdn, nen di tap hdp nhdng sdn vgt md thuyen buon ngogi quoc cdn dung Lgi li chinh tri: ni/dc ta dd cung vdi Trung Quoc giao thiidng tii thdi Tiin Li, Ly, Trdn, Hau Le Vi sd ngiidi ngoai quoc gid mao thi/dng nhdn de thdm nen trieu ndo cung chi cho phep hg tu hdp tgi nhiing ndi nhdt dinh, ggi Id "Bgch dich tri/dng" di buon bdn, ud cam hg len kinh Chua Nguyin d Nam Hd doi udi Hoa thi/dng ud thi/dng khdch ngogi quoc cung dp dung chinh sdch ngdn ngiia nhii d cdc triiu dgi tri/dc, nen Hgi An xa cdch Phu Xudn diidc chgn Id ndi tap trung cua /lo "'"^'
Lien q u a n d e n q u a t r i n h t r u y e n ba Cdng giao d xfl D a n g T r o n g , k h d n g the k h o n g de c a p de'n sU k i e n xay r a d N h a t B a n n a m D a y la thdi diem phong t r a o b a i n g o a i p h a t t r i e n d N h a t B a n ma m g t t r o n g n h f l n g miic t i e u p h o n g trao h u d n g tdi la cac n h a t r u y e n giao Chau Au Vao n h f l n g n a m 1614, 1615, N h a t B a n - m d t t r o n g n h f l n g nUde C h a u A d i u t i e n dUdc t r u y e n b a Cdng giao, da cd mgt * Ths Hgc vien Chi'nh tri-Hiinh chfnh khu vuc III Da Nang
(2)Doan Trieu Long Hoi An hdnh trinh 35 sd lUdng ngUdi t h e o tdn giao k h a
ddng d a o ( k h o a n g 1.800.000 ngUdi) Lo l i n g r i n g , h i e n tUdng n a y se cd sU a n h b u d n g den c h i n h tri - xa hdi cua da't nUde, p h o n g t r a o c a m va diet dao b u n g nd m a n h me t r e n nUde N h a t
Ngay 14/2/1614, N h a t h o a n g D a i f u s a n a b a n chie'u chi t r u e xua't cac Tbfla sai Cdng giao t r u y e n dao t r e n d a t N h a t B a n Trudc t i n h t h e dd, cac giao si Ddng Ten p h a i tim each l a n h n a n d nbUng nude lan b a n g t r o n g k h u viic Va Hgi An eflng la mgt dia chi de cac giao si Ddng T e n d N h a t B a n tim de'n Day la li do de Linh miic F Buzomi (Italia) va Linh m u c J C a r v a l b o (Bd Dao Nha) cung b a i trd si ( N h a t Ban) la Giuse va Phaold dUde p h a i s a n g Hdi An Cac giao si t r e n day vfla n h a m t r a n h n a n , vfla co nhiem vu t a n d u n g cac cd hdi t h u a n ldi de tien h a n h t r u y e n giao d v u n g d a t mdi Bdi le, cac giad si cua D d n g T e n d Macao trUdc dd da dUdc mdt thUdng n h a n Bd Diio Nha la F e r d i n a n d da Costa, ngUdi thUdng xuyen budn b a n d D a n g Trong, cho biet ve "mgt triin vgng tdt dep cua viec cdi
gido cho viidng quoc ndy"'"
Sd di m a n h da't Hgi An dUdc chgn lam die'm de'n eua cac giao si Ddng Ten d Viet N a m bdi vi, nbU t r e n da neu, day la ndi budn b a n s i m u a t cua D a n g T r o n g vdi nUdc ngoai, dac biet vi d day d a n g cd n h i e u thUdng n h a n N h a t Ban cd dao Viec s i n cd cdng d d n g N h a t kieu la ngUdi Cdng giao d Hdi An se giup cac giao si budi d i u den Viet N a m - ca ve vat c h a t I i n cdng viec, nhU lam t h d n g ngdn va t r u n g gian hUdng d i n hg tiep xuc v6i ngUdi d a n b a n xfl M a t k h a c , m a n h d a t cdn b e t sfle tien Idi de tfl dd tda r a k h i p eac v u n g da't k h a c d D a n g T r o n g c u n g n h u viec di lai gifla Macao, Viet N a m va Malacca, Dieu n a y chflng td cac
giao si Ddng ten d N h a t Ban da cd sti nghien cflu ki lUdng va d u n g d i n cho c h u y e n di cua m i n h Va t h e la "Cdc gido
si de lgi phia sau mgt gido hgi Nhdt hdo hung bi thieu huy cung vdi cong trinh udn hoa ud ngon ngd Thay vdo sii mat mdt ldn lao dy, Dong Tin lai tim diidc mgt miin ddt hda la lung, diim tuyet udi hai xd Thuan Quang tii thdi Nguyen Hodng udo ldm trdn thu"^''K •
S a u 12 n g a y vUdt dai dUdng chuyen t a u chd n h a t r u y e n giao n e u t r e n da tdi Hdi An vao n g a y 18/1/1621 Tiii day hg h i u n h u k h d n g gap trd ngai nao tU phia chinh q u y e n D a n g T r o n g luc bay gid (do Sai VUdng dflng d i u ) N g u y e n n h a n la:
"Vi mdi lo ciing cd binh li/c, Sdi Vi/dng khong de y den udn de ton gido, nin cdc cha tii truyen dgo, lgi di/dc kinh ni
"'•" N h u vay, m a n h da't Hdi An la dia chi d i u tien, ghi dii'u an ve sti tdn tiii va cua Cdng giao d D a n g Trong Khdng nhUng the, vdi vi tri q u a n trgng cua m i n h , m a n h da't cdn ddng mot vai trd he't sflc q u a n t r g n g t r o n g sudt mdt (]ua t r i n h dai t r u y e n giao va p h a t trien cua Cdng giao d Viet N a m Cd the n h a n tha'y dieu q u a mdt vai ttiem n h a n sau:
1 H d i A n la ndi g i a o xu' d a u t i e n d D a n g T r o n g diirfc t h a n h l a p , t i i d d t a o b i i d c d e m vufng c h a c c h o sii p h a t t r i e n c i i a C d n g g i a o d D a n g T r o n g
Vdi sii xua't hien cua cac giao si Ddng Ten tai Hdi An, nhflng hoiit ddng truyen giao cua Cdng giao dUdc chinh thUc tien h a n h d D a n g T r o n g ciia nUdc ta vdi nhUng viec lam sd khdi, dd la xay c a t cac 3 Nguydn Van Kiem Su du nhap dia Thien Chiia
gido vdo Mel Nam tr 15
4 Cao Tlie Dung Met Nam Cdng gido sif quyen I tr 341-42
5 Mgt giao su Sir hoc Guio hdi Cdng gido d \'iei
(3)36 Nghien ciru Ton giao Sd6 - 2009
n h a thd (thiic c h a t b a n d i u chi la cac n h a nguyen) va t h a n h l a p r a n h U n g giao xu d i u tien t r e n m a n h d a t n a y (nhU Hgi An, T h a n h Chiem )
S a u k h i den Hgi An, L i n h m u c Buzomi c u n g vdi cac d d n g sii da dUng t a m mdt n h a n g u y e n cho giao d a n N h a t k i e u va cho ngUdi Bd D a o N h a , nhUng ngUdi de'n budn b a n d t r e n m a n h d a t de hg cd t h e tbtic h i e n n h u n g nghi le ton giao N h a n g u y e n n a y c u n g la trii sd t r u y e n giad d a u t i e n cho cac t a n tin dd ngu'di Viet d n h U n g v u n g x u n g q u a n h (Co tai lieu cdn cho r a n g , L i n h m u c B u z o m i lap mgt n h a thd nfla t a i ndi cd t e n la K e a n - tUc la Ke H a n Dia d a n h n a y ve s a u c u n g dUdc ghi lai t r e n t a m b a n dd ndi t i e n g cua A l e x a n d r e de R h o d e s ve n a m 1650, n a m d vi t r i c h a n deo H a i V a n
Cdng cudc truyen dao cua cac giao si dugc tie'n h a n h lap tfle vdi sii p h a n cdng k h a rd rang: "Cha Carualho vd hai
thdy trd si phu trdch Nhgt kieu Cong gido d Hdi Pho', cha Buzomi hgc tii'ng Viet vd gidng dgo cho ngi/di Viet Ddn Quang Nam
rdt thich nghe cha Buzomi gidng bdng tieng
Việ ""'' Ket qua búdc d i u t h u dUdc k h a kha quan cd 10 ngUdi xin chiu phep Riia tdi vao dip le Phuc Sinh n a m 1615, sd'đ, cd mgt t h a n h m e n ten la A u t i n h xm theo giup cac giao sị N h a n vat chinh la t h a n h \aen d i u tien cua To chflc T h i y giang d Dang Trong (Dieu cung dong nghia vdi
viec, Hgi An chinh Id ndi ddo tgo nhdng thdy gidng ddu tiin cho Ddng Trong) Viec
cac giad si lap r a nhUng giad xfl dau tien d Hdi An da tao da cho qua t r i n h truyen ba Cdng giao r a nhUng \nj.ng lan can cua Hgi An va xa hdn nfla la k h a p D a n g Trong cung n h u nhieu nUdc lan can
S a u da dn d i n h budc d a u , t h a n g 7/1615, Linh m u c Buzomi b a t d i u md
r d n g dia b a n h o a t ddng T h d n g q u a sti h u d n g d a n c u a n h U n g ngUdi d a n dia phUdng dng da md r g n g cdng cudc t r u y e n giad vad t r a n Q u a n g N a m T a i day Linh m u c B u z o m i k h o n g n h U n g dugc q u a n tra'n tiep dai tU te', m a cdn dUdc lo lieu ve cd sd thd tu n e n viec t r u y e n dao budc khdi d i u k h a t h u a n Ig'i Cudi n a m 1615, c h u a Sai N g u y e n P h u c N g u y e n (1613-1635) cho p h e p giao si n a y xay hai t h a n h dUdng; mdt d Hgi An va mdt d Q u i n g N a m L i n h m u c B u z o m i di h o a t ddng d k h i p m i e n l a n c a n va n g a y tU n a m dau tien n a y d a cd b a t r a m ngu'di theo dao
0 Hdi An thu'dng gia N h a t den mdi n g a y t h e m ddng, n h i e u luc t r e n n g a n ngUdi N a m 1619 L i n h m u c M a r q u e z rfla tdi t h e m cho 40 t a n tdng, va dting mgt n g u y e n dUdng r i e n g cho N h a t kieu NhUng k e t q u a cua cdng cudc t r u y e n giad
6 D a n g T r o n g budc d i u xem nhU da
t h a n h cdng va t a o nhflng cd sd vUng chac cho q u a t r i n h t r u y e n giao lau dai sau n a y Va nhU vay, L i n h m u c Buzomi trd t h a n h vi giao si Ddng T e n thfl nha't da den Viet N a m va lap n e n Giao hdi Mien N a m m a diem k h d i p h a t d a u tien la tai Hgi An, Q u a n g N a m - Da N a n g
2 H d i A n l a d i e m d e n d a u t i e n c i i a c a c g i a o s i n i i d c n g o a i , d e t i i dd di t r u y e n d a o r d n g k h a p n h i e u ndi t r o n g c a n i i d c
(4)Doan_Tri^uJ^ong H()i An hdnh trinh 37
t r e n Ddng ttii M a c a o p h a i t h e m hai giao si; F r P i n a (Italia), F r B a r r e t o (Bd Dao Nha) va t h a y trd si Diaz (Bd Dao N h a ) s a n g giup Linh m u c Buzomi (giao si B a r r e t o d Viet N a m m a y t h a n g rdi cung vdi F e r n a n d e z s a n g C h a n Lap) Giao si P m a c u n g vdi h a i t h a y ngUdi N h a t d lai Hdi An, cdn L i n h m u c Buzomi dem theo hai t h a y Diaz va A u t i n h vao Binh Dinh theo ldi mdi cua vi q u a n tra'n t h u N a m 1618, lai cd t h e m h a i giad si nUa la P M a r q u e z (Bd D a o N h a lai N h a t ) va C B o r n ( I t a h a ) N a m 1622, Be t r e n Tinh ddng d M a c a o p h a i t h e m bdn giao si nUa la; E m m a n o e l F e r n a n d e s , E m m a n o e l Borges (Bd Dao N h a ) Giovannidi Leira (Italia) va R o m a n o Niti ( N h a t Ban) Giao si F e r n a n d e s den t h a y t h e Linh miac M a r q u e s d k h u thUdng mai N h a t kieu Hdi An Vi t h d n g thiio ngdn ngU va phong ttac Viet N a m , L i n h m u c M a r q u e s dUdc sai di cgng t a c vdi giao si De Pina d Q u a n g N a m
Vay, rd r a n g la Hdi An da k h a n g dinh vai trd "diem d e n " cua m i n h t r o n g qua t r i n h t r u y e n giao d D a n g T r o n g (ndi rieng) Dieu (^ung dUdc chinh cac giao si dUdng thdi ghi n h a n va t h u a t lai; "Trong
mdy ndm sau, 1620, 1621 ud 1622, Dong dd phdi lien tie'p nhiing thd mdi de'n ldm uiiifn nho dep de ndy, ui/dn nho bdt ddu lan ra khdp dd't niidc Cha Emmanuel Porgez cung tdi Tdi se khong ke ten cdc cha khdc, sd qud ddi dong Nhi/ vdy cung dii ndi Iin rdng dd cd mdy ngiidi kien tri hogt dgng ud trong it lau dd thdnh lap cti/dc may gido dodti"'^' Tfl ndi diiy cac giao si chia n h a u
hoiat dgng nbU sau; F e n a n d e z d Q u a n g N a m Q u a n g Ngai bai giad si Borges va Luis d Quy Nhdn va P h u Yen Machi d Hgi An, Machida d Cua Han; cac giao si Buzomi, Majorica Pontes di giang dao cho ngU(ii Chi(''m T h a n h , rdi s a n g C h a n Liip
Nam 1634 giao si Buzomi ve Macao va qua ddi d dd
A.de Rhodes c u n g la mgi trUdng hdp n h u vay, vi giao si den Viet Nam vao t h a n g 12 n a m 1624 vdi dia ban hoat dcing k h a rgng: tU Hdi An r a ca D a n g Trong lan D a n g Ngoai, M a c a o (rdi s a u dd ve b a n C h a u Au n a m 1645) S a u k h i den Hdi An, A de Rhodes da tiep can dUdc vdi c h u a Sai Vudng, rdi cai giao cho mdt ba cd hg g i n vdi C h u a ; ba n a y - cd ten t h a n h la M a r i e M a d e l e i n e , da sUc t h u y e t phtac nhUng ngUdi x u n g q u a n h theo dao va che chd cho cac giao si, lai lap mdt n h a nguyen t r o n g k h u n h a d cua minh Cudi t h a n g Gieng n a m 1642, giao si trd lai D a n g T r o n g lan thU ba va cung diit nhUng budc c h a n d i u tien den m a n h da't Hgi An, de rdi tfl dd di v u n g bac deo Hai Van, len Kim Long bieu chua ThUdng mdt chiec ddng hd, va dUdc giU lai d phu chua
3 Hdi A n la ndi t r u a n c h a c c h a n c u a c a c g i a o s i t r a n l i m g i svi t r u y l u n g , b a t b d t r o n g n h i i n g t h d i ki n h a N g u y e n c a m d a o
N h i n lai lich sU, nhieu li kbiich q u a n va chu q u a n , sau mgt thdi ki yen binh va tiio nen nhUng q u a n he tdt giUa Cdng giao va chinh quyen, nhUng xung dot, m a u t h u a n da xay r a va ket qua cua nd la cac c h u a N g u y e n t i y chay cac guio si Ddng Ten, t r u e x u a t hg r a khdi D a n g Trong, T r o n g t i n h h i n h dd, Hdi An chinh la ndi ta't ca cac giao si tfl nu6c ngoai vao D a n g T r o n g t r u y e n giao phai t a p t r u n g ve q u a n t h u c trUdc bi t r u e xua't (chu yeu la ve Ma Cao)
(5)38 Nghien cuu Ton giao S(')'6 - 2009 Giao si Alexandre de Rhodes ke lai rang;
"Ndm 1625, Chua lenh cdm chung toi, sau triing tri gido ddn Chua truyen cho hit cdc Cha Dong phdi rdi bo cdc gido dodn dd thdnh lap vd rut lui vi Hgi An, uien cd di hdo vi tinh mang cho chung toi ud sii tii thi hdnh chdc uu"^^\
Khdng chi vao nam 1625 ma nhieu Iin sau nay, giao si Dac Ld cung da tim den Hgi An de an minh va truyen giao; Nam 1640 "Toi ldn tranh ud siia sogn di/dng
triidc tie'n tdi dii dinh chinh Toi liin ldn trdn d mgt tinh ggi la Hgi An, ndi ngiidi Nhgt den buon bdn sdm udt "''^\
Nam 1645; "Tdu Tdy da tray di roi thi toi
miing le Phuc Sinh tinh Quang Nam, CO rdt dong gido ddn de'n ldm nhiem uu nhiing ngdy thdnh Ti/ dd toi trd lgi thdnh ngi/di Nhgt ggi Id Hgi AM"'"^' Cd tai lieu cdn ghi rd rang vao thdi diem "trong 22 ngdy bi giam d
Hdi Phd, Cha (Alexandre de Rhodes) dd rda tgi cho 92 ngi/di"'^^''
Dd'i vdi nhieu giad si khac cung vay, nam 1650, hai giao si Saccano va De-lla Rocca van an lanh va bi mat truyen giao d Hgi An va Ciia Han Day trd nhflng ndi cac giao si tiep tuc hanh dao cac giao dan nhflng vung lan can tim de'n "Nhdng dip le ldn, td ndi xa xoi, hg
keo din gap cdc cha di lanh dn Bi tich roi trd ue di/a bd ud ddn ldng gia nhap
cfgo"""', v.v
Tiep theo, hai nam 1656-1657,
"cdc cha udn khong di/dc ngodi khu viic Cda Hdn vd Hdi Pho' Cha Riuas d Hdi Phd, cha Marques d Cda Hdn Cha Riuas td chdc mi/ng li Chua Gidng sinh 1656 long trgng dHdi Pho""\
Va au cung xua't phat tfl vi tri nhU da neu, mdt tram nam sau, Hgi An van la diem tap ket cho nhUng giao si hi bat va hi
tnac xua't Nam 1750, chua Vo vUdng ban hanh chi du bat dad khap vung Dang Trdng, nhieu giae si bi bat va hi true xuat
"Thdng 1/1750, Vu ui/dng cho ddn cdc gido SI ve Hdi Pho vd true xudt khoi Ddng
Trong ve Macao ngdy 26/8/1750 "^''\ 4 Hoi An la ndi da d i e n Cdng d o n g d a u t i e n c u a D a n g Trong (thii hai ciia Viet Nam), va la ndi dat Tda Giam m u c d a u t i e n d D a n g Trong
Viec trieu tap Cdng ddng d i u tien d Dang Trong tai Hdi An vd la Iin thfl hai d Viet Nam (sau Cdng dong Nam Dinh) cung la mdt diem nha'n ciia vung da't Hdi An lich sfl Cdng giao Viet Nam NgUdi da dflng td chUc Cdng ddng chinh la giao si Lambert de la Motte -Giam muc tien khdi cua Tda Thanh La Ma va cua Hgi Tbfla sai Paris Sau Hdi Truyen giao Paris dUdc thiet lap, Lambert de la Motte dUdc cfl lam Dai dien Tdng tda d i u tien d Dang Trong nam 1659 Sau di kinh li mdt so' tinh phia Nam, Lambert lap tu vien "Chi em Men Thanh gia" d Quang Ngai, rdi ve Hgi An thang 1/1672 O day, Lambert trieu tap Cdng ddng, xem xet viec diio, keu ggi sU hda hdp giao hgi va thdng bao ngi dung Cdng ddng Nam Dinh Trong tac pham Gido hgi Cong gido d Viet Nam, tac gia Bui Dflc Sinh t h u a t lai sti kien 8 A de Rhodes Hdnh trinh vd Truyen gido Uy ban ,Sdd, tr 59
9 A de Rhodes Hdnh trinh vd Truyen gido Uy ban Sdd tr 90-91
10 A de Rhodes Hdnh trinh vd Truyen guio Uy ban Sdd, tr 183
11 Mgt giao su Sir hgc Gido hoi Cdng gido d Viet
Nam Sdd quye'n tr 198
12 Mgt giao su Sir hgc Gido hdi Cdng gido d Viei
Nam Sdd quyeii Ir 207
13 Mgt giiio su Sir hgc Gido hdi Cdng gido dMel
Nam Sdd quye'n l.tr 209
(6)Doan Trieu Long Hpi An hdnh trinh 39 n h u sau; "Thdng 1/1672, Ddc Cha tdi Hdi
Phd, nguai di'n d trin mgt cu lao heo lanh, di nghien cdu tinh hinh ton gido Sau dd, ngdy 19 thdng 2, Ddc Cha nhdm hgp Cong dong Tham du cd thiia sai, linh muc ngi/di Viet, mgt so'dong thdy gidng, cdc cha Dong Ten di/dc mdi nhiing khong din Hgi Cimg ddng, Ddc Cha nhdm dem lgi sii hoa thuan hiep nhdt cgng dodn tin hdu Ddc Cha phd bii'n cdc sdc linh Toa Thdnh dgt vi Dgi diin Tong tba tgi Ddng Trong Ke do, Ddc Cha trao cho cdc linh muc ngUcti Viet vd cdc thdy gidng bdn nghi quyet cua Cong dong Dinh Hiin d Ddng Ngodi, vt9i nhdng chi thi rieng"^^^\
Vdi hai cdng ddng - N a m D i n h va Hgi An, L a m b e r t da c u n g cd' dgi n g u cac tbfla sai P h a p , dgi ngfl cac linh muc va t h a y g i a n g b a n xfl, dfla cudc t r u y e n giao vao ne n e p , t a o da cho cac giam muc dia p h a n , s a u dd la d a y m a n h viec p b a t trien dao D u n g mfldi n a m s a u , n a m 1682, Cdng ddng lan thfl b a i cua Giao p h a n D a n g T r o n g lai mdt i i n nfla dfldc khai mac t r e n m a n h da't Hdi An N a m 1682, G i a m miac L a n e a u tfl Xiem La den Hgi An m a n g t h e o sac lenh cua Tda T h a n h bd n h i e m m i n h l a m Giam q u a n Giao p h a n va giao si G u i l l a u m e M a h o t lam G i a m miac Dai dien Tdng tda L i ta'n p h o n g dfldc td chflc tai Hdi An Ngay 26/10/1682, h a i vi L a n e a u va G u i l l a u m e M a h o t da t r i e u t a p va c h u tri Cdng ddng II cua Giao p h a n D a n g T r o n g vdi mtac dich la giai q u y e t va dieu c h i n h n h i e u van de t h u g c td chflc q u a n tri dia p h a n , phfldng bfldng va td chflc s m h h o a t tdn giao tai m i e n N a m
Tfl Cdng d d n g i i n thfl n h a t Toa Giam mtac cua dia p h a n D a n g T r o n g c u n g dfldc chinh tbflc d a t tiii Hdi An, mai den sau mdi dfldc c h u y e n k i n h H u e (Thdi ki cua vi Dili dien Tdng tda thfl la
A l e x a n d r e De A l e x a n d r e x ngUdi Italia c h u y e n Toa G i a m muc r a H u e nhUng vi Phd G i a m m u c la V a l e r e Rist thi van d Hdi An Dieu n a y t h e h i e n mgt qua t r i n h c h u y e n ddi cua lich sfl t r u y e n giao m a t k h a c c u n g tU t h a n ndi len vai trd q u a n t r g n g k h d n g t h e bd q u a cua Hdi An van de
5 H o i A n c d n l a ndi a n t a n g c i i a n h i e u g i a o s i n i i d c n g o a i
Hgi An k h d n g chi la ndi dau tien cac giao si nUdc ngoai d a t c h a n den ma cdn r a t dac biet vi day eflng chinh la ndi an nghi cud'i eflng cua n h i e u cac giao si ndi t i e n g t r u y e n dao d Viet N a m Trong so' nhflng giao si dUdc an t a n g tai day, d i u tien p h a i ke den la vi Dai dien Tdng tda thU - G i a m m u c G u i l l a u m e Mahot Vi n a m q u y e n cai q u a n Giao p h a n n a m 1682, nhUng "tii ngdy nhgn chdc gidm
muc dia phdn, dd to nhiet thdnh vdi nhiim uu, ngi/di ldm viec gdp hai tri/dc di lo cho gido dodn vd lo cho linh hon minh di/dc cdu rdi Sii nhiet thdnh vd sii lo ldng dd khien Ddc Cha mdt sdm "'^^\ G i a m muc G u i l l a u m e Mahot
m a t tai Hdi An vao 1/6/1684 tfle 18 t h a n g s a u dfldc t a n phong Giam mtac
Mgt giao si nfla c u n g r a t ndi tieng va dUdc an t a n g tai Hdi An la Giam mtac F P e r e s G i a m muc F.Peres dUdc Tda T h a n h p h o n g G i a m mtac, Dai dien Tong toa D a n g T r o n g vao n a m 1691, qua ddi vao 29 t h a n g n a m 1728, thg 85 tudi va cd 37 n a m cai q u i n dia p h a n
Giao si thfl ba la mgt h n h muc thudc Dong P h a n S m h - L i n h muc Valere Rist Linh m u c Valere Rist m a n g qud'c tich Dflc, trUdc dd b o a t ddng t r e n mdt dia b a n 15 Mgt giiio su Sir hgc Gido hdi Cdng gido d \'iei
Nam Sdd quyeii l.tr 285
16 Mgt giiio sir Sir hgc Gido hdi Cong gido d Mel
(7)40 Nghien cuu Ton giao Sd6 - 2009 rgng tfl D d n g Nai den P h u X u a n N a m
1737 L m h m u c dfldc Tda T h a n h d a t lam G i a m m u c p h u t a k e vi, le t a n p h o n g dUdc cU h a n h long t r g n g tai mgt n h a thd ddng d P h u X u a n T u j ' n h i e n vi Phd G i a m mtac n a y c u n g q u a ddi s a u dd it lau (ngay 15 t h a n g n a m 1737) va c u n g dUdc a n t a n g tiai n g h i a t r a n g ngUdi nUdc ngoai d Hdi An S a u n a y dUdc dfla vao k h u d n vien t h a n h dUdng cua giao xU Hgi An
Ngay nay, n e u cd dip den Hgi An va t h a m n h a thd Hgi An, c h u n g ta v a n cd t h e tha'y nhflng n a m md cua cac n h a t r u y e n giao phUdng T a y t r o n g k h u d n vien cua n h a thd, ghi ro t e n tudi cac giao si nhU; F P e r e z , G u i l l a u m e M a h o t Valere Rist Day eflng c h i n h la nhflng chflng tich cho mdt thdi ki lich sU t r u y e n giao cua Cdng giao d Viet N a m
Lich sfl d a n tgc Viet N a m m a n g t r o n g minh n i t n h i e u nhflng bien ddng t r o n g dd cd ca sti bien ddi cua n h i e u v u n g da't va t i m a n h hUdng cua nd Hdi An cUng la mgt t r o n g nhUng vflng d a t nhU vay Tfl chd la mdt thUdng c a n g ndi t i e n g s a m u a t va t h i n h vUdng bac nhPi't xU D a n g T r o n g de rdi theo thdi gian, dia vi sd' mdt ay k h d n g cdn
Vc Viin de d a n g dUdc de cap den d t r e n cUng Viiy Vao nhUng n a m cud'i t h e ki XVII trd dl, "Hc)i An khong gii/ uai tro
ddu ndo ciia Gido p/ign Ddng Trong nhiing vdn Id trung tdm ciia Tin Mi/ng ldn nhdt Nam Hd Cdc Thiia sai Bale hay cdc Dong khdc nhii Phanxico deu tap trung d ddy, udi su" giup dd ciia Dong Ten tri/cfc len Phu Xudn hay tod cdc ndi khdc"'^'' T h a y vao dd H a Tien trd t h a n h
vi t r i sd mot d m i e n n a m Ddng DUdng v6i sd giao d a n t a n g len k h o a n g 70.000 Q u a t h e ki XVIIL tldi c h u a Hien, Hgi An k h d n g cdn la t r u n g t a m thu'dng miii cua
ngu'di T a y PhUdng d xfl D a n g T r o n g nfla K h u N h a t k i e u c u n g s u y g i a m chi cdn liii mgt n h d m n h d Cdng giao ngfldi N h a t Ban Linh m u c M a c k e va cac giao si Ddng Ten lo viec t u y e n uy Nhflng n a m 1770 Sai Gdn - H a Tien d a t h a y t h e g a n h vac t r g n g t r a c h c u a Hdi An de trd t h a n h t r u n g t a m giad lien c h i n h cua Giao p h a n D a n g T r o n g T u y cac giao si Ddng Ten v a n cdn b o a t ddng d Hdi An giao si P h a p t h i thfldng d Cfla H a n cdn cac giao si P h a n x i c o lai chgn T r a Kieu la t r u n g tam nhu'ng q u a t h a t Hdi An da k h d n g cdn giU dUdc vi t r i so' m g t t r o n g viec tao "diem de'n" va t r u y e n giao d D a n g Trong
D e n t r i e u G i a Long, chinh sach tti tdn giad dUdc b a n h d n h va tbtic t h i nhUng k h d n g m a y ngUdi cd dao trd ve sinh sdng d Hgi An Cdn Hoa kieu p h a n ddng keo n h a u vao l a p n g h i e p d Gia Dinh-Chd Ldn Theo n h i e u sfl lieu t h i h d n mdt t h e ki tfl n a m 1800 den n a m 1914, vflng da't Hgi An k h d n g cd n h a thd, k h d n g cd linh muc (juan xfl, va k h d n g cd ca nhflng sinh boat tdn giao Mai den n a m 1914, Tda sfl di c h u y e n tfl La Q u a , V i n h Dien ve Hdi An thi mdt ngdi n h a n g u y e n nhd mdi dfldc lap len Ngdi n h a n g u y e n chinh la tien t h a n c u a n h a thd ldn Hgi An hien dugc t r u n g tu n a m 1963
N h u vay, t h e o thdi gian va sti ddi thay Hdi An d a nhUdng vai trd t r u n g t a m cua q u a t r i n h t r u y e n ba va b o a t ddng cua Cdng giao cho nhflng v u n g da't k h a c Tuy k h d n g cdn d d n g vai trd t r u n g tiim nhii trUdc day n h U n g vdi nhflng dieu vfla neu t r e n , rd r a n g v u n g da't Hgi An miii la mgt diem n h a n , m a n g nhflng da'u mdc quan t r g n g t r d n g tien t r i n h b o a t ddng cua Cdng giao d Viet N a m /
17 Mgt giao su Sir hgc Gido hdi Cdng gido o Vict
2001.tr.