→ If you don’t stop borrowing money, you’ll be in trouble.. Listen to the teacher or you won’t understand the lesson.[r]
(1)CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TYPE 0: thể đk tương lai
Ex: If you put a paper into the flame, it burns at once - If you meet Jane, please give my best regard to her - If John comes, tell him I am waiting for him at school
Đảo ngữ (Were you to meet Jane, please give my best regard to her.)
If +S+ Present simple tense, Imperative form (mệnh lệnh cách) TYPE 1: Điều kiện xảy (open/likely/possible condition)
If + S + Present simple tense, S + simple future (will+V) EX: If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach
If you study hard, you will pass the exam
Đảo ngữ (Should you study hard, you will pass the exam.)
TYPE 2: Điều kiện không thật (present unreal condition) If + S + simple past tense, S + past future (would+V) (past simple tense but present meaning)
EX: If it didn’t rain now, we would go to the beach.(e.g It is now raining outside.)
If I were you/ If I were in your position is used to give an advice EX: If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle Đảo ngữ (Were I you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle.) If I knew it, I would tell you earlier
Đảo ngữ (Were I to know it, I would tell you earlier.)
TYPE 3: Điều kiện không thật khứ (past unreal condition) If+ S + had+ PP, S+ would have + PP
EX: If it hadn’t rain yesterday, we would have gone to the beach.(e.g It rained heavily yesterday.) If I had known she was ill yesterday, I would have come to visit her
(e.g You didn’t know she was ill yesterday.)
If he had worked harder, he couldhave passed the exams (e.g he didn’t work hard.) If we had brought a map with us, we mightn’thave got lost
(e.g You didn’t bring a map with you)
Đảo ngữ (Had you worked hader, you could have passed the exam)
TYPE mixed ( mệnh đề if trái với khứ, mệnh đề trái với tại) If I hadn’t stayed up late, I wouldn’t be sleepy now
(I stayed up late and now I am sleepy)
If + S + had PP, S + simple past Một số câu đặc biệt:
1 IF ONLY: nhấn mạnh tình giả thiết - If only, I were in your position
- If only he had known she was in hospital, he would have visited her Sử dụng were to/ had been để tăng tính giả thiết
- If I were to ask you to lend me some money, what would you say? - If it hadn’t been for her children, she wouldn’t have sold her house WISH
- Trái với
I wish I had a bigger house - Trái với khứ
I wish I hadn’t been ill
- Ao ước sảy hoạc phàn nàn điều ngồi ý muốn chủ quan người nói I wish it wouldn’t rain
I wish he wouldn’t keep on smoking
(2)could may might should
+ have+PP He can sing well
He can have gone out He should study hard
He should have studied harder PART B: Make the correct choice
1 “Would you mind if we _you by your first name?” -“Not at all Please call me Tom.”
A called B call C calling D want to call
2 She can’t get home _ she has no money
A unless B if C until D without
3 If I had known your new address, we _to see you
A came B will come C would come D would have come
4 If we took the 10:30 train, _ too early
A we would arrive B we should arrive C we will arrive D we may arrive It’s very crowded here I wish there _ so many people
A aren’t B weren’t C haven’t been D isn’t
6 I wouldn’t go there at night if I _ you
A am B was C were D had been
7 If I _ get a pole, I’ll go fishing
A can B could C may D might
8 If they had enough time, they _ head south
A will B can C must D might
9 If you _ a choice, which country would you visit?
A have B had C have had D will have
10 Trees won’t grow _ there is enough water
A if B when C unless D as
11 _ she agreed, you would have done it
A If B Had C Should D Would
12 If you _ to be chosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field
A want B wanted C had wanted D wants
13 If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy _ saved
A might be B have been C was D might have been
14 If there _ enough water, the rice fields could have been more productive
A had been B were C would be D are
15 The patient could not recover unless he _ an operation [undergo: pass through] A had undergone B would undergo C underwent D was undergoing 16 If she _ him, she would be very happy
A would meet B will meet C is meeting D should meet 17 If he _ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post
A had had B had C has D has had
18 If I had enough money, I _ abroad to improve my English
A will go B would go C should go D should have to go
19 If it _ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight
A be B is C was D were
20 If you _ time, please write to me
A have B had C have had D has
21 If it _ tomorrow, we may postpone going on a picnic
A rains B will rain C shall rain D raining
22 If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you _ sleepy now A wouldn’t have been B wouldn’t be
C might have not been D wouldn’t have been being 23 If you _ as I told you, you _ sorry now
(3)C – would not be D had done – would not be 24 If only I _ him now
A see B saw C have seen D seen
25 If I _, I’ll let you know
A am staying B will stay C stay D would stay
26 If only I _ you wanted to invest money in business
A had known B knew C have known D know
27 Linda wishes she _her car
A hasn’t sold B hadn’t sold C doesn’t sell D won’t sell 28 He looked frightened as if he _a ghost
A had seen B saw C would see D was seeing
29 I wish it _ a holiday today
A were B will be C is D had been
30 “My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus.” -“ _, we would have picked you up.”
A Had we known B If we have known C We had known D If we did know 31 If I _ as young as you are, I _ in a boat round the world
A were- would sail B would be – would sail
C were- will sail D would- would sail
32 If he _tickets yesterday, he _ on the beach now
A had booked- would be lying B had booked- would have lied
C booked – would lie D books- will lie
33 If you _ less last night, you _ so bad today
A had drunk- would not have felt B drank- would not feel
C had drunk- would not feel D would have drunk- would not feel 34 It seemed as if he _ of it before
A would never hear B has never heard C never heard D had never heard 35 _ today, she would get home by Friday
A Would she leave B Was she leaving C Were she to leave D If she leaves 36 “He’s a very brave man.” “Yes, I wish I _ his courage.”
A have B had C will have D would have
37 _he _ hard last year, he would have lost the first prize
A Hadn’t – studied B Had- studied C Didn’t study D If – had studied 38 We’re going to be late if _ right now
A we not leave B we didn’t leave C we won’t leave D we don’t leave 39 “I wish this city _ so noisy.” “I know I wish we _ in the countryside.”
A isn’t – live B wasn’t – live C weren’t- live D weren’t – lived 40 He acted as though he _ for days
A not eat B hasn’t eaten C hadn’t eaten D didn’t eat 41 We _ the game if we’d had a few more minutes
A might have won B won C had won D will win
42 I _ William with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other A hadn’t brought B didn’t bring C wouldn’t have brought D won’t bring 43 If you _ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now
A listen B will listen C had listened D listened 44 _ interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it
A Were I B Should I C I was D If I am
45 I _ you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital
A would have visited B visited C had visited D visit
46 _ then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years A Had I known B Did I know C If I know D If I would know
47 Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _ the same language?
A spoke B speak C had spoken D will speak
48 Unless you _ all of my questions, I can’t anything to help you
A answered B answer C would answer D are answering
(4)A would never have believed B don’t believe
C hadn’t believed D can’t believe
50 If Jake _ to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A doesn’t agree B didn’t agree C hadn’t agreed D wouldn’t agree 51 You are late If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him
A came / would meet B had come / would have met C come / will meet D had come / would meet 52 I’d gone swimming yesterday afternoon if I _ time
A had had B have had C had D would have had
53 What would you if you _ a million pounds?
A won B win C will win D had won
54 If you didn’t this, you _ punished
A are B will be C should D would be
55 If he had told me the truth, I _ him
A would have not punished B would not have punished C would not punish D will not punish
56 If they had not given me advice, I _ again
A would have failed B would fail C would have been failed D wouldn’t fail 57 If it _, the match will be postponed
A rains B has rained C is raining D will rain
58 Bill _ more photographs if he _ more film
A would have taken / had had B would have taken / had C would take / has had D would take / had had 59 If there _ no floods last year, the crop _ better
A had been / would have been B were / would be C had / would have been D was / would have been 60 Had you told me that this was going to happen, I _ it
A would never have believed B don’t believe
C hadn’t believed D can’t believe
61 If I _ you, I’d get some rest before the game tomorrow
A were B could be C am D had been
62 If someone _ into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
A comes B came C come D could come
63 If I had a chance to creative work, I _ happy working in an office
A would be B will be C would have D will feel
64 _ you, I’d think twice about that decision
A Were I B If I had been C Should I be D If I am 65 If they _ soon, I’m not going to wait
A don’t come B won’t come C hadn’t come D didn’t come 66 If I _ hungry, I _ something But I am not hungry now
A were / would eat B had been / would have eaten C had been / would eat D were / would have eaten 67 You won’t pass the examination _ you study more
A unless B as C if D whether
68 I’m playing tennis tomorrow _ it’s raining
A unless B if C as long as D provided
69 Tell him to ring me if you _ him
A see B saw C have seen D had seen
70 Unless she _, she’ll be late
A hurries B didn’t hurry C hurried D doesn’t hurry 71 Would George be angry if I _ his bicycle without asking?
A took B take C had taken D would take
72 I _ you a postcard while I was on holiday if I _ your address A would have sent / had had B would have sent / had
(5)A had known / were B have known / were C had known / are D knew / had been 74 _ still my friend if I were put in prison?
A Would you be B Will you be C Would you D Would you are 75 If anybody _ a book, please ask me after class
A has B have C don’t have D doesn’t have
76 If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I _ in a bank
A would be working B will work C have worked D work 77 “Can I borrow your car for this evening?”
“Sure, but Nora’s using it right now If she _ it back in time, you’re welcome to borrow it.”
A brings B would bring C will bring D brought
78 We’re going to lose this game _ the team doesn’t start playing better soon
A if B unless C although D whereas
79 If I _ somebody else, I’d like to be a film star
A could be B would be C become D must be
80 What _ if they _ tomorrow?
A will you / don’t come B would you / don’t come C would you have done / won’t come D you / won’t come 81 He said, “ _ watch TV all the evening if you wish.”
A You may B You have to C You need to D You should 82 If he _, please tell me
A comes B won’t come C will come D come
83 If the earth _ move around the sun, everything _ floated
A didn’t / would be B doesn’t / would be C didn’t / will be D don’t / would be 84 If I _ that you were in hospital, I _
A had known / would have visited B had known / would visit C knew / would visit D knew / would have visited 85 If he had taken my advice, he _ a rich man now
A would be B would have been C had been D were 86 Unless you _ smoking, you _ better
A stop / won’t feel B stop / will feel C stopped / will feel D stopped / would feel 87 It is a beautiful house, and I _ it if I _ enough money, but I cannot afford it
A would buy / had B will buy / have
C would have bought / had had D shall buy / have 88 If you are right, I _ wrong
A am B will be C would be D would have been
89 If I _ to the party last night, I _ tired now A had gone / would be B had gone / would have been C went / would be D went / would have been 90 Joe can’t hear _ you shout
A unless B if C providing D whether
91 You can use my car _ you drive carefully
A as long as B whether C until D unless
92 You can smoke here _ you leave a window open to let the smoke out
A as long as B whether C unless D until
93 George won’t lend you any money _ you promise to pay him back
A unless B providing C if D as long as
94 I’m going now _ you want me to stay
A unless B providing C provided D as long as
95 He said, “ _ watch TV all the evening if you wish.”
A You may B You have to C You need to D You should 96 _ immediately, I will call a policeman
A Unless you leave B If you leave C If you didn’t leave D Unless you left 97 If Jake _ to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A hadn’t agreed B didn’t agree C doesn’t agree D wouldn’t agree 98 He would be happy if he _ here now
(6)99 If I could speak Spanish, I _ next year studying in Mexico
A would spend B would have spent C had spent D will spend 100 If the weather _ fine, we will start early
A is B be C was D will be
Put the verb in brackets in the correct form.
1 “I expect it will rain this afternoon.” – “If it (rain) _ we (not go) _ swimming If you (be) _ really my friend, you’d lend me the money
3 We (have) _ to use the stairs, it the lift still doesn’t work My dog always wakes me up if he (hear) _ strange noises
5 Come on! Hurry up! Ann (be) _ annoyed if we (be) _ late If Laura (not eat) _ so much, she wouldn’t have put on weight We could go for a drive if today (be) _ Sunday
8 Thank you for your help If you (not help) _ me, I (not pass) _ the examination If I (have to) _ go back to work full time, I would quit my job
10 Supposing the computer (break down) _, what would you do? 11 What (you/do) _ if you (be) _ in my situation?
12 Their marriage only lasted three months If he (be) _ less mean, she (not leave) _ him 13 If you (press) _ that button, a receptionist (come) _ to help you
14 If you (heat) _ water to 100 degrees centigrade, it (boil) _
15 The film was marvelous If you (come) _ with us, you (enjoy) _ it, too 16 Imagine, darling What (we/ do) _ if your husband (have) _ an accident? 17 Were it to rain tomorrow, the match (be) _ postponed
18 If I (meet) _ you earlier, I wouldn’t have married Jane
19 It’s a beautiful house, and I (buy) _ it if I (have) _ the money, but I can’t afford it 20 Had I known she was so ill, I (not go out) _
21 Jim is so untidy! If he (buy) _ some new clothes, he (not look) _ so bad! 22 If you (look after) _ the car, it will never break down
23 If you (look after) _ the car, it wouldn’t break down so much 24 If you (look after) _ the car, we’d be able to sell it now 25 It’s a pity David isn’t here He (be) _ very amused
26 It’s a pity David wasn’t at the party He (be) _ very amused Rewrite these sentences to begin with an Imperative + and/ or + clause.
Example: a If you fail to pay, they’ll cut off the electricity → Fail to pay and they’ll cut off the electricity
b If you don’t stop borrowing money, you’ll be in trouble → Stop borrowing or you’ll be in trouble
1 If you ask me nicely, I’ll mend it for you You might fall if you are not careful
3 If you don’t take a taxi, you’ll miss your train If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late
5 If you listen carefully, you’ll find the correct answer Rewrite these sentences, using If
Example: a Fail to pay and they’ll cut off the electricity → If you fail to pay, they’ll cut off the electricity
b Stop borrowing or you’ll be in trouble
→ If you don’t stop borrowing money, you’ll be in trouble Listen to the teacher or you won’t understand the lesson Come with me and you’ll have a great time
3 Don’t touch that wire or you may get an electric shock Make a start now and you’ll arrive on time
5 I must leave now, or I will miss the bus Put the verbs in bracket into a suitable tense.
1 Of course I’m not going to give her a diamond ring If I (give) _ her a diamond ring, she (sell) _ it
(7)3 Mark isn’t a serious athlete If he (train) _ harder, he (be) _ quite a good runner
4 If we (work) _ all night, we (finish) _ in time, but we have no intention of working all night If you (have) _ three wishes, what (you/wish) for?
6 Why didn’t you say that you were short of money ? If I (know) _ about that, I (lend) _ you some
7 Jim is so untidy! If he (buy) _ some new clothes, he (not look) _ so bad!
8 Why didn’t you phone? I (know) _ you were coming, I (meet) _ you at the airport
Finish the incomplete sentences in such a way that each one the same as the complete sentence before it. Go to Britain and you’ll be able to speak English all day long
2 You’ll get sunburnt by sunbathing all day long
3 My phone number isn’t in the directory, so people don’t ring me up You’ll avoid waiting by booking a table in advance
5 She is always late because she hasn’t got a watch Why don’t you come with us? You’ll enjoy it
7 My family owns a holiday flat and that’s why we always go to the same place I can’t go on holiday because I’ve got a holiday job this summer
9 I couldn’t get in touch because you didn’t tell me where you were staying 10 You press this button to stop the machine
11 My husband didn’t leave the car keys so I couldn’t pick him up at the station 12 I don’t know her number I can’t phone her
13 Mr Mills lost his job because he was late every day
14 People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly
15 The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly 16 John wants to buy a car, but he hasn’t got enough money
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same, beginning with If The speaker was ill suddenly and they cancelled the lecture
2 I am in a hurry I won’t stay for dinner
3 He can’t type He isn’t able to operate a computer I was able to buy the car because Jim lent me the money
5 He doesn’t have time to exercises, that’s why he is unhealthy Lucky you were here, or the house would have caught fire The police showed me the way, so I found the house John is fat because he eats so many chips
9 John missed the ferry because his car broke down 10 I didn’t know your number, so I didn’t call you
11 Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you one of my biscuits 12 If I’d gone to the party, I’d have met Melanie
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same. 1. Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move the table.→ If
2. If you changed your mind, you’d be welcome to join us.→ Were you 3. I wouldn’t accept if you asked me to marry you.→ If you were 4. I didn’t enjoy my holiday there and so I am not going back.→ If
5. If the guests arrived this week, there’d be no rooms available.→ Were the guests 6. You’re tired now because you went to bed so late last night.→ If
7. She can meet him if he arrives before eleven.→ So
8. You can borrow the car, but you’ve got to fill it up with petrol.→ Provide 9. She doesn’t know anything about first aid, so she couldn’t help him.→ If 10. I didn’t look after my teeth, and now I’ve got false ones.→ If
11. You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep.→ If 12. He would have lent you his violin if you’d asked him.→ Had
13. Without your help, I couldn’t have done it.→ If → If it Finish the second sentence in each pair, using If or Unless.
1 If you don’t better work than this, you won’t pass the exam You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa
(8)5 If Joe doesn’t change his ways, he will end up in prison If he doesn’t work harder, he’ll lose his job
7 If it rains, we won’t go swimming
8 You will become ill unless you stop working so hard If you work hard, you’ll pass your exam
10 Unless you hurry, you won’t catch the bus
11 If he doesn’t start work right now, he’ll never finish it 12 We won’t get there on time without taking a taxi
13 Joan will stay on at school unless she finds a good job before September 14 If you don’t rest, you really will be ill
15 The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor
16 You won’t find any accommodation if you don’t book it in advance 17 You will catch a cold if you don’t keep your feet dry
18 I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone 19 Put more salt in or you won’t be able to taste it
20 If he fails the final examination, he won’t be able to graduate Put IF or UNLESS in the spaces in these sentences.
1 I wouldn’t buy it _ it had a guarantee _ we hurry, we’ll miss the bus
3 _ I were you, I’d see the doctor about that cough
4 You won’t pass your driving test _ you drive more carefully Who would you ask _ you didn’t know how to it?
6 I’d buy it _ I could afford it
7 We’ll never get there on time _ the train leaves soon I wouldn’t buy it _ I could afford it
9 I would refuse to go _ they paid my expenses 10 He’ll be ill _ he doesn’t stop working Underline the correct word(s) for each of the sentences. You can use my car (unless/ as long as) you drive carefully I’m playing tennis tomorrow (unless/ providing) it’s raining
3 We’re going to start painting the house tomorrow (unless/ provided) it’s not raining You can smoke in here (unless/ as long as) you leave a window open to let the smoke out He won’t lend you any money (unless/ as long as) you promise in writing to pay him back The children can stay here (unless/ providing) they don’t make too much noise
7 I’m going to now (unless/ provided) you want me to stay (Unless/ So long as) you work hard, you’ll fail your exams
9 I’ll give you £100 (provided that/ unless) you say nothing about this
10 (Provided that/ Supposing that) all the hotels were full, where would we stay?
Write 10 sentences about one of your unlucky day and the write the sentences in unreal ones.