verbs

Lots of people forget that a verb that ends in “d” or “ed” doesn’t have to be a verb in the simple past.. Maybe it’s a regular verb in V 3 DISGUISED as a.[r]

A Note to Students and Teachers

:

These lessons are not intended to

Introduce you to the English verb

system.

Use them as a review of what

you’ve

Are English Verbs “Ichsa

”?

Are you miserable because you make mistakes

with English verbs?

Do you think you will never be able to learn?

Are you sorry you didn’t listen to your

It’s not really so hard

!!!

You CAN speak and write good English

You CAN get good grades on English exams You only have to learn a few simple rules

LESSON 1

An Overview

LESSON 1

We talk a lot in these lessons

about V

1,

V

2,

and V

3.

What in the

Does this look familiar

?

– eat ate eaten – fall fell fallen – fly flew flown

This is the table of irregular verbs that we know and love! V1 is the first column (“eat”, ,(רוקמה תרוצ

V2 is the second column (“ate”, past simple form),

V3 is the third column (“eaten”, called—oh well, V3)

Lots of people forget that a verb that ends in “d” or “ed” doesn’t have to be a verb in the simple past Maybe it’s a regular verb in V3 DISGUISED as a

simple past verb

For example:

5

Verb Formulas

 be + ing (progressive) He was crying  be + V3 (passive) He was beaten

Four men were killed

 have + V3 (perfect) I have already eaten  do + V1 (simple) Do you love me?

I don’t hate you

 modal + V1 (modal) I can wait

BE HAVE DO MODALS

is, am, are, was, were

has, have had

do, does, did

shall, will, should, would, may, might, must, can, could

1) be + ing

(progressive)

have + V3

(perfect)

do + V1 (simple)

modal + V1

The bus is coming We were waiting

She has finished We have eaten

Do you love me? I didn’t hear you

You should try

I may visit my aunt

2) be + V3

(passive)

A lot of money is spent

People were hurt

be

is, am, are was, were

1 be + Ving (progressive

)

The bus is coming

.

We were waiting

.

be

is, am, are was, were

2 be + V3 (passive

)

Our mother was invited

.

Many promises were broken

.

have

has, have had have + V3 (perfect

)

You have broken your promise .

Our friendship has survived

.

do

do, does did

do + V1

(

simple

)

I

do

n’t

enjoy

homework

.

Do

you

like

school

?

modals

shall, will, should, would, may ,

might, must, can, could, ought modal + V1 (modal

)

Miri can speak four languages

.

We must finish

.

Would you like some coffee ?

do

do, does did

do

+

V1

(

simple

)

I

do

n’t

enjoy

homework.

A special note about

DO

:

We say that

do

is the helping verb for

the “

simple

” tenses, but if they’re

“

simple”,

then so is making peace with

our neighbors!

Pay attention:

With

PRESENT SIMPLE

and

PAST SIMPLE

ONLY

:

In present simple and past simple, there are kinds of sentences:

– POSITIVE (+) Harry understands Amharic. – NEGATIVE (-) Jill doesn’t understand

Amharic.

– QUESTION (?) Does Jill understand French?

In (

+

), the verb really has jobs:

1)

MEANING

(

UNDERSTANDS

(ןיבהל

2)

GRAMMAR (

UNDERSTAND

S

), which

includes:

•

Time

(understand

s

, not under

stood

;

“ןיבה“ אלו ”ןיבמ”)

•

Number

“understand

s

” can’t be םיבר

(think of

he/she/it,

which are all (דיחי

•

Person

“understand

s

” can’t be first

תא ומצע לע לבקמ לעופה ( + ) ב

תועמשמ ןה םידיקפתה ינש

Now you understand why

the main verb must always be

Let’s Practice

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):

“Shlomi loves computers Before his father bought him a computer, he thought he would never be able to learn He didn’t he was clever

enough But now he’s a real professional!”

“If Shlomi didn’t _ computers to begin with, why did his father him a computer?”

“He to encourage him He knew that computers can be a wonderful help with

Let’s Practice

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):

“Shlomi loves computers Before his father bought him a computer, he thought he would never be able to learn He didn’t _think he was clever enough But now he’s a real professional!”

“If Shlomi didn’t like _ computers to begin with, why did his father _buy him a computer?”

“He _wanted _ to encourage him He knew that computers can be a wonderful help with

Let’s Practice

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s

):

“ Hello, Mom? I have a problem I left my keys at

home this morning ”

“ Where did you them ?”

“ I _ them on the table you

see them ?”

“ Yes, but you _ have to worry I won’t

Let’s Practice

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s

):

“ Hello, Mom? I have a problem I left my keys at

home this morning ”

“ Where did you _leave them ?”

“ I _left them on the table _Can or Do_ you

see them ?”

“ Yes, but you don’t have to worry I won’t

BUT

Don’t think

BE

/HAVE

/DO

can only

be helping verbs (רזע ילעופ)

be

/

have

/do

as main verbs

:



You

are

being

stupid!

In the following passage, write “HV” in the

parentheses after a Helping Verb If the word isn’t a helping verb, DON’T WRITE ANYTHING

My parents never listen to me Sometimes they want me to ( ) something that I don’t ( ) want to

( ), or else they want me to not ( ) what I ( ) want I have ( ) always been ( ) jealous of Moshe His parents are ( ) so understanding! He doesn’t ( ) have ( ) any problems with them

They’re ( ) young, and patient, and they remember what it was ( ) like to be ( ) young Moshe

My parents never listen to me Sometimes they want me to ( ) something that I don’t ( HV ) want to ( ), or else they want me to not ( ) what I

do ( HV ) want I have ( HV ) always been ( ) jealous of Moshe His parents are ( ) so

understanding! He doesn’t ( HV ) have ( ) any problems with them They’re ( ) young, and

LESSON 3

LESSON 3

A Few Words About

A Few Words About

Modals and

Modals and

Semi-Modals

modals

shall, will, should, would, may

,

might, must, can, could, ought

modal + V

1

(

modal

)

Miri can speak four languages

.

We must finish

.

Would you like some coffee

?

A NOTE ABOUT SEMI-MODALS

You shouldn’t indeed, you can’t use “can” in the past or in the future tense

Use a form of “be able to” instead, or (in past tense), use “could”

Examples: I can’t speak Russian.

I was able to or could speak it when I was young. I will be able to speak it again after my trip to

A NOTE ABOUT SEMI-MODALS

Another way to say “must” is “have to” (they both

mean the same thing) In fact, in negative sentences (-), questions (?), and in the past or future tenses, you

can’t use “must”; you have to use “have to”

Example: I must hurry I have to hurry. You don’t have to hurry.

Let’s Practice

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):

“Shirli, must you play the radio so loud?” “What you say?”

“Do you _ play the radio so loud?”

“No, I don’t _ Do you _ me to turn it down?”

Let’s Practice

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s

):

“Shirli, must you play the radio so loud?” “What _did you say?”

“Do you have to _ play the radio so loud?”

“No, I don’t have to _ Do you want _ me to turn it down?”

Let’s Practice

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s ):

“ _ you help me, please? I want a book about the Internet, but I _ find one.”

“ _ you look among the computer books?”

“Yes, I , but I find anything.” “Well, I’m somebody else right now, but I

_ _ help you in about ten minutes you come back in ten minutes?”

Let’s Practice

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s ):

“ _

Can _ you help me, please? I want a book about the Internet, but I _can’t _ find one

.”

“ _

Did _ you look among the computer books ?”

“ Yes, I _did , but I couldn’t find anything ”

“ Well, I’m helping _ somebody else right now, but I _will be able to help you in about ten minutes

_Can you come back in ten minutes ?”

“ OK And in the meantime, I _will _ try again Maybe I

Refresh Your Memory

Take another look at the table of

helping verbs .

Pay attention to the colors

BE HAVE DO MODALS

is, am, are, was, were

has, have had

do, does, did

shall, will, should, would, may, might, must, can, could

1) be + ing

(progressive)

have + V3

(perfect)

do + V1 (simple)

modal + V1

The bus is coming We were waiting

She has finished We have eaten

Do you love me? I didn’t hear you

You should try

I may visit my aunt

2) be + V3

(passive)

A lot of money is spent

People were hurt

Let’s Review

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):

1 Moshe _ drive (V1) more carefully He _ drive (V1)

so carelessly

2 _ you want (V1) anything to eat?

Yes, thanks I _ like (V1) a sandwich

3 Bob acting in movies and making lots of money you seen (V3 - irregular verb) my hat? No, I remember (V1) seeing it

5 Dan wasted (V3 - regular verb) all of his money

6 Some Americans _ surprised (V3 - regular verb) when Bush elected (V3 - regular verb) President

7 These photographs taken (V3 - irregular verb) at Niagara

Falls

Let’s Review

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):

1 Moshe _should drive (V1) more carefully He _shouldn’t_ drive (V1)

so carelessly

2 _Do_ _ you want (V1) anything to eat?

Yes, thanks I would like (V1) a sandwich

3 Bob is acting in movies and making lots of money _Have _ you seen (V3 - irregular verb) my hat?

No, I don’t_ remember (V1) seeing it

5 Dan _has wasted (V3 - regular verb) all of his money

6 Some Americans _were surprised (V3 - regular verb) when Clinton _was_elected (V3 - regular verb) President

7 These photographs were taken (V3 - irregular verb) at Niagara Falls

Let’s Review Some

More

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):

1 Don’t you you _ drunk enough beer? People should a dentist once a year

3 I will an umbrella, because it may Gabi has always _ to visit India

5 Most of our friends had already _ the party when we arrived Why did they _ so soon?

6 Please forgive me for phoning you so early this morning you sleeping?

7 I was _ TV, when suddenly I heard a shot

8 Poor Miri! She’s her arm! Call a doctor!

Let’s Review Some

More

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):

1 Don’t you _think you have _ drunk enough beer?

2 People should _see a dentist once a year

3 I will take an umbrella, because it may rain Gabi has always wanted _ to visit India

5 Most of our friends had already left _ the party when we arrived Why did they leave so soon?

6 Please forgive me for phoning you so early this morning Were you sleeping?

7 I was watching_ TV, when suddenly I heard a shot Poor Miri! She’s broken her arm! Call a doctor!

Let’s Try a Test

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):

1 I don’t _ to think about it

2 Anat _ lost ten kilo You _ see her! Did you _ to take your keys?

4 I haven’t , and I _ not planning to eat anything before dinner

5 you considered going into politics? He is a great expert

7 A lot of wine was at the party last night

8 We _ talking on the telephone when the lights

Let’s Try a Test

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):

1 I don’t _want to think about it

2 Anat has lost ten kilo You _should see her! Did you remember _ to take your keys?

4 I haven’t eaten_, and I _am not planning to eat anything before dinner

5 Have you considered going into politics? He is considered a great expert

7 A lot of wine was drunk _ at the party last night

A Test Part 2

:

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):

9 You could _ until the last minute, or you could the work now and

_ it over with

10 _ you name ten countries in Africa? 11 I sleep very well last night

A Test Part 2

:

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):

9 You could wait _ until the last minute, or you could _do _ the work now and

_get _ it over with

10 _Can _ you name ten countries in Africa? 11 I didn’t sleep very well last night

?

LESSON 4

LESSON 4

English verb phrases can be

l o n g

!

I

couldn’t have been expected to have

couldn’t have been expected to have

known

known

that

.

וי!

An 8-word verb !

Forming Yes/No Questions

Take the

first

element (ביכרמ) of the

verb and put it

before

the subject (אשונ):

I

can believe

it

Can

you

believe

it?

I

’ve been

there.

Forming questions still

!

Follow the same rule even for a

monster verb!

He

couldn’t have been expected to

understand

.

Could

he

have been expected to

understand

?

How I translate "םאה"

when I’m forming a yes-no question?

To translate

“םאה” when

forming a yes-no

question, simply

begin the question with the suitable

helping verb.

For example:

Are you serious? ?התא םאה

יניצר

Are you listening? התא םאה

בישקמ?

Do you collect stamps?

םאה

ףסוא התא םילוב?

Have you lost weight? םאה

תיזר?

Will he succeed?חילצי אוה םאה?

Can you convince me?

םאה

יתוא ענכשל לכות ?

Let’s Practice

Complete the conversation:

BENNY: Arik! I haven’t seen you for a long time!

? ARIK: Of course I haven’t been hiding! I’ve been very busy BENNY: _? ARIK: Yes, I’m studying a lot I want to well on my exams BENNY: ?

ARIK: Yes, unfortunately, I still have that part-time job It’s really too much That’s why I’m always so tired

BENNY: ?

ARIK: You’re right I guess I wasn’t smart to take the job But I need the money! BENNY: ?

Let’s Practice

Complete the conversation :

BENNY: Arik! I haven’t seen you for a long time! _Have you been hiding? _?

ARIK: Of course I haven’t been hiding! I’ve been very busy BENNY: Are you studying a lot? _? ARIK: Yes, I’m studying a lot I want to well on my exams BENNY: _Do you still have that part-time job? ?

ARIK: Yes, unfortunately, I still have that part-time job It’s really too much That’s why I’m always so tired

BENNY: _Are you sure you were smart to take the job? _?

ARIK: You’re right I guess I wasn’t smart to take the job But I need the money! BENNY: Have you been able to save any money? ?

Let’s Practice

Ask these questions in English :

? שער הברה ךכ לכ תושעל םיבייח םתא םאה _ _

Let’s Practice

Ask these questions in English :

? שער הברה ךכ לכ תושעל םיבייח םתא םאה _

( Do you have to/Must you) make so much noise ?

_

? ברעה ךתוא הארא םאה _

Will I see you tonight ?

? ןולימב שמתשהל ונל רתומ םאה _

( Are we allowed to/ May we) use a dictionary ?

_

? תעגתשה _

Are you crazy? Have you gone crazy ?

_

? בישקמ התא םאה _

Are you listening ?

Let’s Practice

Ask these questions in English :

Let’s Practice

Ask these questions in English :

? הרטפב תרקב םעפ יא םאה _

Have you ever visited Petra ?

_

? ךחוגמ ךכ לכ רבד ךימיב תעמש םאה _

Have you ever heard anything so ridiculous ?

? הנגפהב םתייה םאה _

Were you at the demonstration ?

? ילש תוחתפמה תא תיאר םאה _

Have you seen my keys ?

? םתוא ןימזהל יל עיצמ תייה םאה _

Would you (advise me to/suggest that I) invite them ?

WH-words

WH-words

Learn these question words

:

who whom whose which

what where when why

And these, too:

how how much how many how often [תורידת וזיאב]

how long (ago) [(ןמז המכ (ינפל] how + אוהש ראות לכ

(how rich, how strong, how sick)

How easy is it

?

It’s

really

easy!

 (The answer:) I want my money (The next question:) Why do you want your money?

 (The answer:) I’ve given Adam some money (The next question:) How much money have

you given him?

 (The answer:) I’m planning to leave

tomorrow (The next question:) Why aren’t

“

Who” and “What” as subjects

Where who or what refers to the subject ,(אשונה)

the Hebrew translation is המ וא ימ?

If who or what refers to the subject, DON’T use

do-does-did in the simple tenses; DON’T change the word order:

Answer: Tal loves Rami Kleinstein’s music.

Question: Who loves Rami Kleinstein’s music?

“

Stumpers

”

(םילושכמ)

How old are you? ? התא המכ ןב

What happened ? הרק המ? What did x do? ? X השע המ

When were you born? תדלונ יתמ ? What you for a living? ?דבוע התא המב

How long will he be gone?

How good are you at this

?

Ask the right questions See how much you’ve learned.

X: Hello, I’m phoning about your advertisement

_? MOTI: They’re not very old Five years isn’t really so old

Anyway, they’re in good shape

X: _? MOTI: I’m not “getting rid of” them I’m offering them

because I’m moving to a new flat, where I’m not allowed to keep them

How good are you at this

?

Ask the right questions See how much you’ve learned.

X: Hello, I’m phoning about your advertisement

_How old are they? ?

MOTI: They’re not very old Five years isn’t really so old Anyway, they’re in good shape

X: _Why are you getting rid of them? _?

MOTI: I’m not “getting rid of” them I’m offering them because I’m moving to a new flat, where I’m not allowed to keep them X: _Why aren’t you allowed to keep them? _?

Keep going

X: ?

MOTI: You can take them whenever it’s convenient I’m always home X: ?

MOTI: I live on the corner of Plony and Almony

X: I know the building _? MOTI: My entrance is Number

X: ?

MOTI: Oh, I don’t want any money for them All I care about is finding a good home for them!

X: A good home! ?

Keep going

X: _When can I take them?_ _?

MOTI: You can take them whenever it’s convenient I’m always home X: _Where you live? _?

MOTI: I live on the corner of Plony and Almony

X: I know the building _Which entrance is yours? _? MOTI: My entrance is Number

X: _How much money you want for them? _?

MOTI: Oh, I don’t want any money for them All I care about is finding a good home for them!

X: A good home! _Aren’t you selling a set of skis? _?

CONGRATULATIONS

!

YOUR NAME has been awarded

the

M.V

.