Past perfect tense expresses Past perfect tense expresses action completed. action completed before before certain certain time in the past[r]
(1)Verb Tense Verb Tense
Tense denotes the time of the action Tense denotes the time of the action
indicated by a verb The time is not always indicated by a verb The time is not always the same as that indicated by the name of the the same as that indicated by the name of the
(2)6 Types 6 Types
Verb Tenses
(3)Present Tense Present Tense
Present tense may express Present tense may express
action which is going on at the
action which is going on at the
present time or which occurs
present time or which occurs
always, repeatedly, or
always, repeatedly, or
habitually
habitually
Examples: He Examples: He seessees the train the train He
He eatseats cereal for breakfast cereal for breakfast every day
(4)Past Tense Past Tense
Past tense expresses action Past tense expresses action completed at a
completed at a definitedefinite time in time in the past
the past
Examples: He Examples: He wrotewrote the letter the letter yesterday She
yesterday She livedlived to be 90 to be 90 years old
(5)Future Tense Future Tense
Future tense expresses action Future tense expresses action
which will take place in the future
which will take place in the future
It uses the helping verbs It uses the helping verbs willwill or or
shall*
shall* and the present tense form and the present tense form of the verb)
of the verb)
Examples: He Examples: He will sendwill send the letter the letter
tomorrow I
tomorrow I shall waitshall wait here until here until you return
you return
* Traditionally, * Traditionally, shallshall is used for is used for 1stst
person and
person and willwill for for 2ndnd and and 3rdrd
persons
(6)Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense expresses action Present perfect tense expresses action
completed at the present time (perfect completed at the present time (perfect
means complete) or begun in the past and means complete) or begun in the past and
continuing into the present continuing into the present
This tense uses the helping verbs This tense uses the helping verbs hashas and and
have
have and the past participle of the verb and the past participle of the verb
Examples: Examples:
He He has writtenhas written a letter to his uncle (completed a letter to his uncle (completed
action) action)
The Waltons The Waltons have livedhave lived here for seven years here for seven years
(7)Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense expresses Past perfect tense expresses action completed
action completed beforebefore certain certain time in the past (This is the
time in the past (This is the
before
before-past tense.)-past tense.)
It uses the helping verb It uses the helping verb hadhad and and the past participle of the verb
the past participle of the verb
Example: She Example: She had writtenhad written the the letter before I saw her
(8)Future Perfect Tense Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect tense expresses Future perfect tense expresses
action which will be completed action which will be completed
before a certain time in the future before a certain time in the future
(This is the
(This is the beforebefore-future tense)-future tense)
It uses the helping verbs It uses the helping verbs will havewill have
or
or shall haveshall have and the past and the past participle of the verb
participle of the verb
Example: He Example: He will have finishedwill have finished
(9)Verb Forms Verb Forms
Verb Forms
(10)Regular Verbs Regular Verbs
Regular verbs form their past Regular verbs form their past tense and past participle by
tense and past participle by
adding –ed or –d to their present
adding –ed or –d to their present
tense form
tense form
More than 95% of all English More than 95% of all English verbs are regular
verbs are regular
Regular verbs cause few Regular verbs cause few problems in speaking and
problems in speaking and
writing
(11)Regular verbs and their Regular verbs and their
Principal Parts Principal Parts
Principal Principal
Parts: Parts:
Verb: Verb:
Present
Present
Tense
Tense Present ParticipleParticiplePresent Past TensePast Tense Past ParticiplePast Participle
To call
To call call, call, calls
calls callingcalling calledcalled (have) called(have) called To dust
To dust dust, dust, dusts
(12)Irregular Verbs Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs can form their past Irregular verbs can form their past
tense and past participle forms in
tense and past participle forms in
various way
various way
These forms cause even native These forms cause even native
speakers innumerable problems
speakers innumerable problems
The most irregular verb of all is the The most irregular verb of all is the
verb
verb to beto be
Another irregular verb that is Another irregular verb that is
important for its use with other
important for its use with other
verbs is the verb
(13)Four Principal/Main Parts Four Principal/Main Parts
Principal Principal Parts: Parts:
Verb: Verb:
Present
Present
Tense
Tense Present ParticiplePresent Participle Past TensePast Tense Past ParticiplePast Participle
To Be
To Be be, am, be, am, are, is
are, is beingbeing was, werewas, were (have) been(have) been To Have
To Have have, have, has
(14)Other Common Irregular Other Common Irregular
Verbs and their Principal Parts Verbs and their Principal Parts
Principal Principal Part
Part
Verb Verb
Present Present Tense
Tense Present ParticiplePresent Participle Past TensePast Tense Past ParticiplePast Participle
To see
To see see, see, sees
sees seeingseeing sawsaw (have) seen(have) seen To
To do, doesdo, does doingdoing diddid (have) (have) done
done
To fly
To fly fly, fliesfly, flies flyingflying flewflew (have) (have) flown
flown
To run
(15)Conjugation Conjugation
A conjugation of a verb is the A conjugation of a verb is the correct arrangement of its form
correct arrangement of its form
through its tenses, persons, and
through its tenses, persons, and
numbers
numbers
PersonPerson means the speaker, the means the speaker, the person spoken to, and the
person spoken to, and the
person or thing spoken of
person or thing spoken of
NumberNumber means singular or means singular or plural
(16)Conjugation of the verb:
Conjugation of the verb: to beto be
Tense
Tense SingularSingular PluralPlural
Present
Present I amI am
You are
You are
He, she, it is
He, she, it is
We are We are You are You are They are They are Past
Past I wasI was You were You were He was He was We were We were You were You were They were They were Future
Future I shall beI shall be
You will be
You will be
He will be
He will be
We shall be
We shall be
You will be
You will be
They will be
They will be
Present Perfect
Present Perfect I have beenI have been
You have been
You have been
He has been
He has been
We have been
We have been
You have been
You have been
They have been
They have been
Past Perfect
Past Perfect I had beenI had been
You had been
You had been
He had been
He had been
We had been
We had been
You had been
You had been
They had been