verbs tense

 Past perfect tense expresses Past perfect tense expresses action completed. action completed before before certain certain time in the past[r]

(1)

Verb Tense Verb Tense

Tense denotes the time of the action Tense denotes the time of the action

indicated by a verb The time is not always indicated by a verb The time is not always the same as that indicated by the name of the the same as that indicated by the name of the

(2)

6 Types 6 Types

Verb Tenses

(3)

Present Tense Present Tense

 Present tense may express Present tense may express

action which is going on at the

present time or which occurs

always, repeatedly, or

habitually

 Examples: He Examples: He seessees the train the train He

He eatseats cereal for breakfast cereal for breakfast every day

(4)

Past Tense Past Tense

 Past tense expresses action Past tense expresses action completed at a

completed at a definitedefinite time in time in the past

the past

 Examples: He Examples: He wrotewrote the letter the letter yesterday She

yesterday She livedlived to be 90 to be 90 years old

(5)

Future Tense Future Tense

 Future tense expresses action Future tense expresses action

which will take place in the future

 It uses the helping verbs It uses the helping verbs willwill or or

shall*

shall* and the present tense form and the present tense form of the verb)

of the verb)

 Examples: He Examples: He will sendwill send the letter the letter

tomorrow I

tomorrow I shall waitshall wait here until here until you return

you return

 * Traditionally, * Traditionally, shallshall is used for is used for 1stst

person and

person and willwill for for 2ndnd and and 3rdrd

persons

(6)

Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Tense

 Present perfect tense expresses action Present perfect tense expresses action

completed at the present time (perfect completed at the present time (perfect

means complete) or begun in the past and means complete) or begun in the past and

continuing into the present continuing into the present

 This tense uses the helping verbs This tense uses the helping verbs hashas and and

have

have and the past participle of the verb and the past participle of the verb

 Examples: Examples:

 He He has writtenhas written a letter to his uncle (completed a letter to his uncle (completed

action) action)

 The Waltons The Waltons have livedhave lived here for seven years here for seven years

(7)

Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense

 Past perfect tense expresses Past perfect tense expresses action completed

action completed beforebefore certain certain time in the past (This is the

time in the past (This is the

before

before-past tense.)-past tense.)

 It uses the helping verb It uses the helping verb hadhad and and the past participle of the verb

the past participle of the verb

 Example: She Example: She had writtenhad written the the letter before I saw her

(8)

Future Perfect Tense Future Perfect Tense

 Future perfect tense expresses Future perfect tense expresses

action which will be completed action which will be completed

before a certain time in the future before a certain time in the future

(This is the

(This is the beforebefore-future tense)-future tense)

 It uses the helping verbs It uses the helping verbs will havewill have

or

or shall haveshall have and the past and the past participle of the verb

participle of the verb

 Example: He Example: He will have finishedwill have finished

(9)

Verb Forms Verb Forms

Verb Forms

(10)

Regular Verbs Regular Verbs

 Regular verbs form their past Regular verbs form their past tense and past participle by

tense and past participle by

adding –ed or –d to their present

tense form

 More than 95% of all English More than 95% of all English verbs are regular

verbs are regular

 Regular verbs cause few Regular verbs cause few problems in speaking and

problems in speaking and

writing

(11)

Regular verbs and their Regular verbs and their

Principal Parts Principal Parts

Principal Principal

Parts: Parts:

Verb: Verb:

Present

Tense

Tense Present ParticipleParticiplePresent Past TensePast Tense Past ParticiplePast Participle

To call

To call call, call, calls

calls callingcalling calledcalled (have) called(have) called To dust

To dust dust, dust, dusts

(12)

Irregular Verbs Irregular Verbs

 Irregular verbs can form their past Irregular verbs can form their past

tense and past participle forms in

various way

 These forms cause even native These forms cause even native

speakers innumerable problems

 The most irregular verb of all is the The most irregular verb of all is the

verb

verb to beto be

 Another irregular verb that is Another irregular verb that is

important for its use with other

verbs is the verb

(13)

Four Principal/Main Parts Four Principal/Main Parts

Principal Principal Parts: Parts:

Verb: Verb:

Present

Tense

Tense Present ParticiplePresent Participle Past TensePast Tense Past ParticiplePast Participle

To Be

To Be be, am, be, am, are, is

are, is beingbeing was, werewas, were (have) been(have) been To Have

To Have have, have, has

(14)

Other Common Irregular Other Common Irregular

Verbs and their Principal Parts Verbs and their Principal Parts

Principal Principal Part

Part

Verb Verb

Present Present Tense

Tense Present ParticiplePresent Participle Past TensePast Tense Past ParticiplePast Participle

To see

To see see, see, sees

sees seeingseeing sawsaw (have) seen(have) seen To

To do, doesdo, does doingdoing diddid (have) (have) done

done

To fly

To fly fly, fliesfly, flies flyingflying flewflew (have) (have) flown

flown

To run

(15)

Conjugation Conjugation

 A conjugation of a verb is the A conjugation of a verb is the correct arrangement of its form

correct arrangement of its form

through its tenses, persons, and

numbers

 PersonPerson means the speaker, the means the speaker, the person spoken to, and the

person spoken to, and the

person or thing spoken of

 NumberNumber means singular or means singular or plural

(16)

Conjugation of the verb:

Conjugation of the verb: to beto be

Tense

Tense SingularSingular PluralPlural

Present

Present I amI am

You are

He, she, it is

We are We are You are You are They are They are Past

Past I wasI was You were You were He was He was We were We were You were You were They were They were Future

Future I shall beI shall be

You will be

He will be

We shall be

You will be

They will be

Present Perfect

Present Perfect I have beenI have been

You have been

He has been

We have been

You have been

They have been

Past Perfect

Past Perfect I had beenI had been

You had been

He had been

We had been

You had been

They had been