Researching and Comparing of LawRegime ofProtectingSeafarers’ Rights between China and Vietnam (Nghiên cứu so sánh chế độ pháp luật bảo vệ quyền lợi thuyền viên Việt Nam Trung Quốc) Dissertation Submitted to Dalian Maritime University In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Laws By Nguyen Thanh Le (International Law) Dissertation Supervisor: Professor Han Lixin July 2015 大连海事大学学位论文原创性声明和使用授权说明 原创性声明 本人郑重声明：本论文是在导师的指导下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，撰写 成博/硕士学位论文“中越劳动权利保障制度比较研究”。除论文中已经注明引用的内 容外，对论文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本论文 中不包含任何未加明确注明的其他个人或集体已经公开发表或未公开发表的成果。本声 明的法律责任由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名：阮成黎 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者及指导教师完全了解大连海事大学有关保留、使用研究生学位论文 的规定，即：大连海事大学有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交学位论文的复印件和 电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权大连海事大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部 分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，也可采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学 位论文。同意将本学位论文收录到《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库》（中国学术 期刊（光盘版）电子杂志社）、《中国学位论文全文数据库》（中国科学技术信息研究 所）等数据库中，并以电子出版物形式出版发行和提供信息服务。保密的论文在解密后 遵守此规定。 本学位论文属于： 保 密□ 在 年解密后适用本授权书。 不保密□ （请在以上方框内打“√” ） 论文作者签名： 导师签名： 日期：年月日 INNOVATION POINTS (1) Draw the comments, assessments about the status of China and Vietnam law regime in protecting the labor rights of seafarers (2) Comprehensively and fully describes maritime labor law in China and Vietnam; points out the shortcomings, gaps in this legal system, compares the conformity with Maritime Labor Convention 2006; analyzes the causes of weak enforcement ability of State management agencies in executing maritime labor in China and Vietnam (3) Builds up the scientific viewpoint system, as well as provides the advanced, modern solutions in completing maritime labor law in China and Vietnam, being suitable with international laws especially Maritime Labor Convention 2006, meeting the requirements of the current development of marine economic and maritime industry as well 中文摘要 摘要 航运业最重要的劳动力是在船上工作的海员队伍。这是一个重要的不可或缺的要素；它 还是直接影响航运企业乃至于整个海洋产业的经济效率的主要因素。显而易见的是，国 家和国际组织已经发布了很多法律文件、国际公约和协议备忘录以保护海员的权利。 2006 年，国际劳工组织（ILO）通过了一个包含现行 68 个国际海事公约和建议书所有 最 新 标 准 以 及 其 他 国 际 劳 工 公 约 的 基 本 原 则 的 公 约 一 一 《 2006 海 事 劳 工 公 约 》 (MLC2006).MLC 2006 是规定确保海员稳定工作的最低国际标准的公约；同时，它有助 于所有已批准该公约的船旗国创建公平的竞争平台。在这种情况下，该公约还通过确保 效率和在海运中提高可靠性来促进竞争。本文将深入分析越南和中国通过在海员劳动合 同、海员社会保障以及海员纠纷解决等方式来保护海员权利的相关法律。除了根据目前 中国和越南的法律制度现状来分析对海员权利的保护，本文还将结合其他国家相关经验 来针对如何改善越南、中国法律制度提出一些建议。 具体而言，本文共分以下几部分内容，第一章首先对选择该题目的原因加以介绍， 并对几个主要国家的海员劳动权利保护方面的立法情况以及越南学者在海员劳动权利保 护方面的研究情况进行简要分析，接下来对研究的目的和任务进行分析，最后对方法论、 本文的科研成果加以介绍；第二章围绕海员劳动权利保护展开相关概念理论方面的探究， 分别对海员权利的理论要点，海员的概念以及职业特点加以阐释船员的基本权利，除了 说明船员权利与其他权利的关系外，还说明了船员权利的范围，提到了 MLC 2006 下的 很多权利，界定本文研究的海员权利限于海员劳动合同权利、社会保障权利、劳动争议 解决的权利；第三章主要围绕海员签订劳动合同的权利，一方面对海员劳动合同达成的 相关权利加以介绍，另一方面对中越相关法律的优缺点加以比较；第四章是有关海员受 社会保障保护的权利，一方面对相关法律加以分析，另一方面还对越南法与中国法现行 有关海员社会保险方面的权利加以分析；第五章海员在出现劳动纠纷时所享有的权利， 分别对海事劳动纠纷中海员所享有的船舶优先权加以论述；第六章对完善越南法下的海 员劳动权利指令和解决方案加以分析；第七章对完善中国法下的海员劳动权利指令和解 决方案加以分析；最后在第八章得出完善越南法与中国法的相应结论。 关键词：海员权利；海员法；中国劳动法；越南劳动法；MLC2006 英文摘要 ABSTRACT The most important labor force of shipping industry is a team of seafarers working on ship This is an important indispensable element; it is a major contributor that directly influences on the economic efficiency of enterprises shipping in general as well as the whole maritime industry in particular This is evident, the nations and international organizations have issued a lot of law documents and International Conventions, memos, protocols to protect seafarers‟ rights In 2006, the International Labor Organization (ILO) approved a single, coherent instrument embodying all up-to-date standards of existing international maritime Conventions and Recommendations, as well as fundamental principles to be found in other International Labor Conventions The so-called consolidated “Maritime Labor Convention 2006” (MLC 2006) contains a comprehensive set of global standards that are already found in 68 maritime labor instruments MLC 2006 is a set of minimum international standards on ensuring the stable job for seafarers; on the other hand, it helps to create an equal playing field for all qualified ships flying the flag of nations that has approved Conventions As a result of this situation, this Convention also promotes the competition by ensuring the efficiency and increasing the reliability in maritime shipping; especially protects seafarers‟ rights in the best way This thesis will deeply analyze the legal regime of both Vietnam and China on protecting seafarers‟ rights through seafarers labor contract, seafarers social protection and seafarers‟ rights resolving the disputes From the analysis of the current situation of China and Vietnam legal regime of protecting seafarers‟ rights, this thesis has also proposed some suggestions on improving Vietnam legal regime to protect seafarers‟ rights through China experiences Specifically, this article is divided into the following parts: Chapter 1: Introduce the reasons of choosing the subject, the legislation situation of protecting seafarers labor rights in major countries, the research situation of Vietnam scholars on protecting seafarers labor rights, the research situation of the mission for the purpose of the research and analysis, the methodology as well as research results 英文摘要 Chapter 2: Use the related concepts of protecting seafarers labor rights, theory of exploration, theory gist of seafarers' rights respectively, and interpret the concept of seafarers and professional characteristics, the fundamental rights of seafarers In addition to describe the relationship between seafarers‟ rights and other rights, the author shall explain the scope of seafarers‟ rights under the rights of MLC 2006, as well as explain why this study only focuses on rights of labor contract, social security, labor dispute resolution Chapter 3: Talk about seafarers labor contract; on the one hand, related rights of seafarers labor contract were introduced, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of relevant laws Chapter 4: Discuss about the seafarers who shall be protected by the social security rights and relevant laws; on the other hand also to introduce seafarers' rights on the social insurance of Vietnam and China Law Chapter 5: Introduce seafarers' rights in terms of labor dispute, seafarers‟ maritime lien during labor dispute Chapter 6: Analyze how to perfect Vietnam seafarers' rights under work instructions and solution Chapter 7: Analyze how to perfect China seafarers' rights under work instructions and solution Chapter 8: Perfect methods of Vietnam and China laws and come to corresponding conclusions Key Words: Seafarers’ rights; Seafarers Law；China Labor Law；Vietnam Labor Law；MLC 2006 DECLARATION I,NGUYEN THANH LEdo hereby declare that this dissertation is my own original work and that it has not been presented to any other University for a similar or any other degree award Signature: Date: …………………………………… COPYRIGHT This dissertation is copyright material protected under the Berne Convention and other international and national enactments, in that behalf, on intellectual property It may not be produced by any means, in full or in part, except for short extracts in fair dealings, for research or private study, critical scholarly review or discourse with acknowledgement, without the written permission of the Dalian Maritime University Library, on behalf of both the author and the Dalian Maritime University ... assessments about the status of China and Vietnam law regime in protecting the labor rights of seafarers (2) Comprehensively and fully describes maritime labor law in China and Vietnam; points out the... security rights and relevant laws; on the other hand also to introduce seafarers' rights on the social insurance of Vietnam and China Law Chapter 5: Introduce seafarers' rights in terms of labor... seafarers social protection and seafarers‟ rights resolving the disputes From the analysis of the current situation of China and Vietnam legal regime of protecting seafarers‟ rights, this thesis has