Trước chữ which có dấu phẩy nên không thể bỏ được.. This is the house in which I live.[r]
(1)NHỮNG LƯU Ý KHI DÙNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ ( WHO ,WHICH ,WHOM )
1.Khi dùng dấu phẩy ?
Khi danh từ đứng trước who ,which,whom : + Danh từ riêng ,tên
Ha Noi, which Mary, who is
+ Có this ,that ,these ,those đứng trước danh từ : This book, which
+ Có sở hửu đứng trước danh từ : My mother, who is
+ Là vật biết : Sun ( mặt trời ), moon ( mặt trăng ) The Sun, which
2 Đặt dấu phẩy đâu ?
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ dùng dấu phẩy đặt đầu cuối mệnh đề My mother , who is a cook , cooks very well
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ cuối dùng dấu phẩy đặt đầu mệnh đề ,cuối mệnh đề dùng dấu chấm
This is my mother, who is a cook
3.Khi lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ WHO ,WHICH ,WHOM
- Khi làm tân ngữ phía trước khơng có dấu phẩy ,khơng có giới từ ( whose khơng bỏ )
This is the book which I buy -> This is the book I buy
This is my book , which I bought years ago
Trước chữ which có dấu phẩy nên khơng thể bỏ This is the house in which I live
Trước which có giới từ in nên khơng bỏ which đựơc This is the man who lives near my house
Who chủ từ ( động từ lives ) nên khơng thể bỏ
4 Khi KHÔNG ĐƯỢC dùng THAT :
- Khi phía trước có dấu phẩy giới từ :
(2)This is the house in that I live (sai) phía trước có giới từ in -> không dùng THAT mà phải dùng which
5 Khi bắt buộc dùng THAT
- Khi danh từ mà thay gồm danh từ trở lên vừa có ngừơi vừa có vật
The men and the horses that That thay cho : người ngựa
6 Khi nên dùng THAT
- Khi đầu câu IT dạng nhấn mạnh (Cleft sentences) eg: It is My father that made the table
- Khi đứng trước : all, both, each, many, most, neither, none, part, someone, something, so sánh
There is something that must be done
This the most beautiful girl that I've ever met
Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ:
* Relative clauses (Active) : V.ing * Relative clauses (Passive) : V3 / ed * the only to verb (active)
ordinal number (the first, the second, the third ) + relative clauses : superlative comparison to be + V3 / ed (passive)
Examples :
1 People who travel to work by bus often buy their tickets in advance People travelling to work by bus often buy their tickets in advance The man who came to see me last night is standing overthere The man coming to see me last night is standing overthere
3 The man who was sentenced to 40 years in prison had taken part in the bank robbery
The man sentenced to 40 years in prison had taken part in the Great bank robbery
4 The book which was bought by my father last week is on wild life The book bought by my father last week is on wild life
(3)He was the only person to survive the air crash
6 The fifth man who was interviewed was quite unsuitable
The fifth man to be interviewed was quite unsuitable This is the largest ship that was built in Vietnam This is the largest ship to be built in Vietnam
NOTE :
o The boy who is sleeping on the floor is my son
The boy sleeping on the floor is my son
( on the floor is the modifier of the verb sleeping)
o The boy who is sleeping is my son
The sleeping boy is my son
(the verb sleeping has no modifier)
B / whom / which / that ———> object
* conveying the meaning of an obbligation
* conveying the meaning of a purpose : to verb
Examples :
1 I’ve got a lot of exercises that I have to finish before school I’ve got a lot of exercises to finish before school
2 I need a peg which I can hang my coat on I need a peg to hang my coat on
C / Relative Clause ———> Noun Phrase (an Apposition)
1 Ha Noi , which is the capital city of Viet Nam , is very ancient Ha Noi , the capital city of Viet Nam , is very ancient