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Sau thất bại trong chiến tranh ở Việt nam, chính quyền Mỹ tuyên bố tiến hành chính sách cấm vận toàn diện đối với đất nước này. Do đạo luật cấm quan hệ với kẻ thù chi phối, nên từ sau năm 1975 hoàn toàn không có viện trợ từ phía Mỹ cho Việt Nam.
/v" VE VIE]\ TRO CUA MY CHO VIET 1\AM TlT ] \ A M 9 DE]\ ]\AY v u THI THU GIANG* S au that bai cugc chie'n tranh d Viet Nam, chinh quyen My tuyen bd' tie'n hanh chinh saeh cam van toan dien dd'i vdi da't nude (15-5-1975) Do Dao luat "Cam quan he vdi ke thu" ehi phd'i, nen tQ sau nam 1975 hoan toan khdng ed vien trd tQ phia My cho Viet Nam TQ nhQng nam 80 cua the ky XX, mdt sd td chdc phi ehinh phu (NGO) My bSt dau trd giup eho Viet Nam NhQng, gia tri vien trd hang nam cho Viet Nam cua cac NGO My thdi ky rat ban che Nam 1991, Chinh phu My chinh thdc trao eho Viet Nam trieu dd la vien trd nhan dao Day la "khoan vien trd Chinh phu dau tien ke tQ nam 1975" Viee Chinh phu My chinh thQe vien trd nhan dad eho Viet Nam la mdt bude tien mdi quan ho giQa hai nQde Thang nam 1991, mdt doan ehuyen vien My da den Viet Nam lam viec vdi Bg Ngoai giao, Bg Lao ddng - ThQdng binh va Xa hgi Viet Nam ve viec thUc hien chudng trinh vien trd nhan dao tri gia trieu dd la cua Chinh phii My linh vile eung cap ehan tay gia giup phuc hdi chdc nang cho nhQng ngQdi khuyet tat TQ nam 1992, moi nam My trao cho Viet Nam trieu dd la vien trd nhan dao (1) Hanh ddng cua ' Th.s Vien SQ hoc phia My nham dap lai sU hdp tae tieh cUc, hieu qua cua Viet Nam viee tim kiem ngUdi My mat tich (MIA) Nhu vay, trQdc nam 1995, Chinh phu My da tien hanh vien trd cho Viet Nam Tuy nhien, vien trd cua My cho Viet Nam cdn rat khiem ton va chi gidi ban llnh vUe nhan dao (cdu trd thien tai, giup dd cac nan nhan chien tranh, ngQdi khuyet tat va tre em), chua phai la vien trd phat trien Nguyen nhan cua tinh trang la luat phap My van cam vien trd phat trien cho Viet Nam va quan he giQa hai nUde chUa dUde binh thUdng hoa Thdi ky dau sau My tuyen bd binh thudng hoa quan he vdi Viet Nam (7-1995), vien trd eua Chinh phu nUde eho Viet Nam cung chi la vien trd nhan dad, chUa cd vien trd phat trien Treng mdt cude tra ldi phdng van td Thdi bao Kinh te Viet Nam thang 7-1997, Dai sd My Pete Peterson da giai thich ve nhQng kha nang vien trd phat trien va eae khoan vien trd khae cua My eho Viet Nam nhQ sau: "Chung tdi bi cam khdng dUgc cdp bdt ky mgt khodn vien trg phdt trien ndo cho Cdng 72 hod xd hdi chu nghla Viet Nam vdo thdi diem ndy NhUng, td't nhien cd mgt dieu khodn ve vien trg nhdn dgo vd hien chung tdi dang cap vien trg nhdn dgo cho Viet Nam, mdi ndm khoang trieu dd la Ngodi cdn cd mgt sd' dieu lugt cho phep cap vien trg de giiip xdy dUng lugt le vd cdc khodn vien trg nhdn dgo khdc Tren mdc dd chiing tdi phdi dgi de'n hodn tdt qud trinh binh thudng hod vd huy bd nhdng dieu cdm ky neu Lugt quan he ddi ngogi hien dang chi phdi cdc quan he ciia chiing tdi tren khdp the gidi Ddy Id dieu cdm ky theo lugt phdp, ke cd Tdng thdng cUng khdng the bo qua dugc " (2) Qua trinh binh thudng hda quan he MyViet ve cd ban dUde hoan ta't sau hai nude ky Hiep dinh thUdng mai (7-2000) va Tdng thd'ng B.Clinton tham Viet Nam (112000) Tai Ha Ndi, Td'ng thd'ng B.Clintdn khang dinh; nude My da di tdi chd coi "Viet Nam Id mdt qud'c gia, chU khdng phdi la mgt cugc chien tranh", " My vd Viet Nam bdt ddu mdt giai dogn mdi mdi quan he ddi ben" (3) TQ thdi diem dd, vien trd eua My cho Viet Nam tang nhanh Tdng vien trd cua My eho Viet Nam tQ 21,43 trieu dd la (nam tai chinh 2000) (4) tang len gan 65 trieu dd la (nam tai ehinh 2005) (5) Trong nam tai chinh 2008, tdng vien trd cua My eho Viet Nam dQ kie'n dat khoang 129 trieu dd la (6) Vien trd cua My cho Viet Nam nham hd trd Viet Nam phat trien kinh te, thuc day xa hdi dan sQ, hoan thien he thd'ng phap luat, giam nhe nhQng van de cd the de doa den sQ phat trien ben vQng (HIV/AIDS, benh Lao, sd't ret, cum gia cam, suy thoai mdi trQdng, ) va giup dd cac nhdm dan sd dd hi tdn thQdng Trong tdng sd tien vien trd (tQ ta't ca cac td chdc) cua My cho Vi^t Nam thi phan ldn Rghien cini Lich sit, so 11.2009 nha't thuge ve Cd quan Phat trien Qud'c te My (USAID) Vl du; nam tai chinh 2005, tdng so' vien trd gan 65 trieu dd la eua My eho Viet Nam thi cua USAID la 22,45 trieu dd la (chiem phan ldn nha't) (7) Cac chUdng trinh vien trd-do USAID quan ly tang nhanh; tQ 8,82 trieu dd la (nam tai chinh 2000) len 22,45 trieu dd la (nam tai chinh 2005) (8); Tai trd cua USAID cho Viet Nam theo xu hQdng gia tang phan anh vien trd cang tang eua My cho Viet Nam Cung vdi sU gia tang ve gia tri, vien trd cua My cho Viet Nam cang md rdng nhieu linh vQc hdn Ve cd ban vien trd cua My eho Viet Nam tap trung vao cac linh vQc; Nhan dao; Y te va sQc khoe; Phat trien kinh te; Mdi trUdng Vien trd cua My cho Viet Nam llnh vile nhan dao thQdng hudng tdi cac boat dgng phdng chd'ng va cQu trd thien tai, pha bom min, nan nhan chie'n tranh, nan nhan eua budn ban ngQdi, tre em md edi va hd trd ngUdi khuyet tat, ngudi dan tgc thieu sd, Trong phdng chd'ng thien tai My hd trd cae nd iQe giam nhe thien tai va cdu hd khan cap cua Viet Nam Vien trd cua My tap trung vao cac chUdng trinh; He thd'ng bao bao sdm; He thd'ng thdng bao lu lut sdm; Vien trd phdng chd'ng thien tai khan cap - Lu lut; ChQdng trinh khSc phuc thien tai dd thi Tong vien trd cua My danh eho Viet Nam phdng chd'ng thien tai nam 2001 la 1,68 trieu la (9) TQ nam 1998, M^ tien h a n h vien trd cho cae boat dgng pha bom va chat nd sdt lai sau chie'n tranh d Viet Nam (ERW) Vien trd cua My tap trung vao cac chQdng trinh: Giao due nguy cd bom min; Nghien cdu va phat trien bien phap pha bom Ve vien trg cua HTy cho Viet Ram min, chat nd; Cung cap thie't bi pha bom TQ thang nam 2000, Viet Nam ehinh thQe trd nQde thd 37 tham gia vao ChUdng trinh Rd phd Bom Nhdn dgo eua My Nam 2000, tdng sd' tien My danh cho pha bom tai Viet Nam la 3,6 trieu dd la Nam 2002, so' tien la 4,12 trieu dd la (10) Tinh de'n dau nam 2006, My da danh 33 trieu dd la eho nhieu chUdng trinh khdng chi de khSc phuc cac hau qua cua bom dd'i vdi sdc khde va sinh mang cua ngQdi dan Viet Nam, ma edn nham loai bd gd'e re eua van de thdng qua tai trd cac dQ an xae dinh, pha va tieu buy bom chQa nd (11) Den My trd nUdc vien trd nhan dao ldn nha't eho cac chUdng trinh hanh ddng bom rain d Viet Nam vdi hdn 47 trieu dd la vien trd (12) Dd'i vdi ngUdi khuyet tat, tQ nam 1989 den nay, My da cung cap hdn 44 trieu dd la thdng qua cac chQdng trinh tai Viet Nam de trd giup hg (13) Ban dau trd giup cua My nham eung cap ehan tay gia va phuc hdi chUc nang cho nhQng ngudi cut ehan tay Cac hd trd cua My danh cho nhQng ngudi khuyet tat bat ke nguyen nhan eua tinh trang khuye't tat USAID vdi tU each la nha tai trd chinh da lam viec vdi Chinh phu Viet Nam de van de trd giup cho ngudi khuyet tat cd the nam cac chinh saeh qud'c gia Muc tieu eua USAID la danh eho trieu ngUdi khuyet tat Viet Nam mdt tieng ndi cd trgng ludng hdn eae chinh saeh edng cd lien quan den ldi ich cua ho, cd nhieu cd hdi dUdc giao due hdn, nhieu cd hdi danh dUde nhQng viee lam cd y nghla, loai bd mgi rao can dd'i vdi viee tham gia vao cac boat ddng xa hgi cua ngudi khuye't tat Thang 9-2008, USAID ky thoa thuan hdp tac nam vdi NGO My la; To chdc 73 eUu trd tre em, Td chUc Ddng Tay Hdi ngd, Td chUc Trd giup ngudi khuye't tat Viet Nam Theo cae thoa thuan nay, ngUdi khuyet tat tai khu vifc Da Nang se dUde cung cap cac dich vu y te va phuc hdi chUc nang, dUde hd trd tim sinh ke Den thang 6-2009, cac td chUe tren da cung cap eae dich vu gia tri cho cdng ddng ngUdi khuyet tat tai Da Nang To chdc Ddng Tay Hdi ngd thifc hien viee danh gia nhu cau cd ban cua nhQng ngudi khuyet tat tren dien rdng d Da Nang va kham benh cho hdn 3.000 ngUdi Td chUe Trd giup ngUdi khuyet tat Viet Nam tai trd eae khoa dao tao cac bac si My giang day cho 22 ehuyen vien y khoa tai Da Nang, cung cap dieh vu phuc hdi chQc nang cho 66 dd'i tUdng ngudi khuye't tat To chdc CQu trd Tre em tai trd "Hgi chd viee lam danh cho ca nhQng ngUdi khuye't tat" dau tien d Da Nang Tai hdi chd nay, 20 sd' 72 ngUdi khuyet tat tham gia da dUde mdi lam viec Vien trd cua My cho Viet Nam llnh vuc Y te va Sdc khoe thudng tap trung vao cae chUdng trinh nhU; phdng ehdng HIV/AIDS; phdng ngUa va dieu tri Lao; phdng chd'ng cum gia cam; cai thien sUe khde eho ngQdi dan d khu vuc bi nhiem chat dgc da cam/dioxin; Tai Viet Nam, dai dich HIV/AIDS ban dau chi phd bien nhdm ngUdi nghien ma tuy, nhUng da lan sang nhQng ngUdi dan thudng Vien trd eua My nham gidp Viet Nam ehu ddng va tich eUc phdng chd'ng, ngan ngda dai dich lan rdng hdn tUdng lai Vien trd cua My cho Viet Nam Hnh vifc HIV/AIDS tQ 1,76 trieu dd la (nam 2000) tang len 5,2 trieu dd la (nam 2002) (14) Ngay 9-9-2002, Chinh phu My va Viet Nam ky Bdn ghi nhd ve ChUdng trinh dU phdng vd chdm sdc HnnAIDS tgi Viet Nam giai dogn 2003- 74 2008 Theo Ban ghi nhd My cam ke't trd giup Viet Nam khoang 15 trieu dd la Thang 6-2004, Viet Nam dQdc xep vao danh saeh 15 qud'c gia nam Kehogch Khdn cap Cdu trg AIDS cua Tdng thd'ng My (PEPFAE) de chd'ng lai can benh AIDS Nam 2005, USAID tai trd cho Viet Nam 26,7 trieu dd la de phdng chd'ng AIDS (15) Viet Nam la mgt 15 nQde trgng diem eua PEPFER nen dQdc de xua't nhan mgt khoan vien trd khoang 89 trieu USD nam tai chinh 2008 (16) Nhin ehung, nhQng nd iQc eua Chinh phu My giup Viet Nam chd'ng HIV/AIDS kha sau rdng va hieu qua Vien trd eua My giup Viet Nam md rgng eae chQdng trinh phd bie'n kien thdc, phdng va dieu tri HIV/AIDS Benh Lao la mgt van de sdc khoe edng ddng nghiem trgng Theo To chdc Y te The gidi (WHO), tai Viet Nam ed 150.000 ngQdi mac Lao, dd cd 5.000 trQdng hdp khang thud'c Viet Nam ddng thd 12 danh saeh 22 nQde cua WHO ve sd ngQdi mie Lao nhieu nha't TQ nam 1995, Chinh phu My da cung cap hd trd ky thuat che ChQdng trinh Chd'ng Lao Qud'c gia Viet Nam nham giup chd'ng lai mdi de doa sdc khoe cua cgng ddng Dac biet, tQ nam 2004, pham vi hd trd dQdc md rdng rat nhieu vdi cac boat ddng ve HIV va Lao thdng qua Ke hogch Khdn cap Cdu trg AIDS cua Tong thdng My (PEPFAR) Tdi nay, thdng qua USAID va Trung tam Kiem soat-Phdng ngQa dich benh thuge Bg Y te va Phue ldi Con ngudi, My da ddng gdp 10 trieu dd la giup Viet Nam chd'ng Lao (17) Cac boat dgng hd trd cua Chinh phu My nam llnh VQc;-Xet nghiem HIV va Kham sang lge lao; Kie'm soat mSc nhidm; Dieu tri va quan ly ca benh; Thie't bi thi nghiem va dao tao Rghien curu Lich 5i!r s611.2009 My la mdt nhQng nha tai trd ldn nha't cho Viet Nam viec chd'ng lai dieh cum gia cam TQ nam 2005 den 2008, My trd giup Viet Nam hdn 30 trieu dd la (18) Vien trd eua My gdp phan quan trgng giup Viet Nam co dQdc cdng cdng tae phdng chd'ng cum gia cam, dac biet la viee tie'n h a n h cac chien dich tiem phdng md rgng cho gia d m Nam tai ehinh 2007, Qud'c hgi My phe ehuan khoan tien trieu dd la dau tien gidp Viet Nam khac phuc hau qua cua chat da cam Thdng qua USAID, Chinh phu My da giai ngan khoan tien trieu dd la danh eho viee tay dgc dioxin va cac boat dgng ve sdc khoe Cae dU an ve sdc khoe eho ngQdi dan d khu vifc bi nhiem dgc daeam/dioxin dQdc danh cho trieu dd la Trong nam tai khoa 2009, trieu dd la nQa dQdc Qud'c hgi My phe ehuan danh eho cac boat dgng khSc phuc h^u qua chi't dacam/dioxin b Viet Nam Ngay 10-3-2009, Td'ng thd'ng My Barack Obama ehmh thdc ky Du luat tang ngan khoan tai trd chUdng trinh giam thieu tac hai eua chat dgc da cam tai Viet Nam NhQ vay, de'n nam 2009, sd' tien My trd giup de Viet Nam khac phuc hau qua cua chat da cam tang len trieu dd la Theo Dai sQ quan My tai Viet Nam, mgt phan ba so' tien ngan khoan trieu dd la dd (khoang trieu dd la) se dQdc dung cae dQ an cai thien sQc khoe cho ngUdi dan khu vifc Da N l n g (19) Trong linh vUc Phat trien kinh te, vien trd cua My hd trd Viet Nam ehuyen dd'i sang nen kinh te'thi trQdng bang each tang cUdng qua trinh tQ thUdng mai, cu the la cac cai each phap luat can thie't cho viec thQe hien cac cam ke't Hiep dinh ThQdng mai Song phUdng My-Viet (BTA) va gia nhap To chQc ThQdng mai The gidi (WTO) Ve vien h v ciia 3Iy cho Viet Ram., Ngay s a u k h i BTA dUde ky ke't (7-2000), My trd giup Viet N a m thQe h i e n mgt dQ a n hd trd ky t h u a t t r o n g llnh vQc h o a n t h i e n mdi trudng thQdng m a i va d a u tQ Dil an mang ten "Ngdi Viet Nam" (STAR Vietnam) vdi t r g n g t a m la hd trd Viet N a m thUc hien BTA va gia n h a p Td chQc thQdng mai the gidi (WTO) D Q a n q u a n trgng da gdp p h a n t h u c day kim ngach budn b a n hai chieu My-Viet t a n g m a n h tQ 1,1579 ty USD (nam 2000) (20) len 9,7 ty U S D (nam 2006) (21), va dQa Viet N a m trd t h a n h t h a n h vien eua WTO (1-2007) My trd giup Viet N a m thQe hien "Sdng kie'n canh tranh Viet Nam" (VNCI) thdi gian tQ 5-12-2003 den 30-9-2006 Day la mdt du an chUdng t r i n h hd trd ky thuat thifc hien BTA Muc tieu cua du an la tao k h u d n k h d t h e che va chinh saeh canh t r a n h hdn, n h a m t a n g d a u tU va tao them viec l a m tQ k h u vQc tQ n h a n , md rdng cac k e n h thQdng m a i song phQdng va day n h a n h cdng cugc xda ddi giam ngheo D Q an giup n a n g cao k h a n a n g e a n h t r a n h , giam chi phi d a u vao va eae chi phi giao dieh khac, t a n g k h a n a n g tiep can ngudn tai chinh, tao mdi trQdng cho cac d o a n h nghiep vQa va nhd cai t h i e n thi p h a n va kim ngach xua't k h a u Ve cd b a n , dQ a n tap t r u n g vad viec xay dQng n a n g iQe cho cac doanh nghiep vQa va nhd USAID la n h a t a i trd ldn nha't cua My cho Viet N a m t r o n g llnh vQc p h a t trien kinh te T r o n g cd cau t a i trd cua USAID 75 cho Viet N a m theo Hnh vQc tQ n a m tai chinh 2000 den 2005, vien trd P h a t trie'n k i n h te chiem % (xem b a n g 1) (22) * Cd c a u t a i trd theo linh vUe nhU sau; - Sdc khde vd HTV/AIDS: 46% - Phdt trien kinh te: 25% - Vien trg nhdn dgo: 23% - Mdi trUdng: 6% Ve ed b a n , cac chUdng t r i n h tai trd cua My t a p t r u n g vao chUdng t r i n h nghi sU ve cai each h a n h chinh va l u a t p h a p cua C h i n h phu Viet N a m lien q u a n de'n BTA va t h a n h vien WTO NhQng ehifdng t r i n h bao gdm; L u a t t o ' t u n g D a n sQ; L u a t D a u tQ n h a m m a n g lai siJ ddi xd b i n h d a n g cho cac d o a n h n g h i e p n h a nQde va cae cdng ty tQ n h a n ; L u a t ChQng k h o a n n b S m p h a t trien thi trQdng vd'n cua Viet N a m ; L u a t Sd hQu Tri t u e (IPR); Quy t r i n h to' t u n g va nhieu llnh VQc khac Cae chQdng t r i n h trd giup dac iQc cho h e t h d n g tQ p h a p cua Viet N a m Cac chQdng t r i n h t a i trd cua My cdn trd giup viec p h a n tieh chinh saeh de p h a t trien n e n k i n h te tU n h a n Viet N a m , lam eho k i n h te tU n h a n trd t h a n h ddng luc p h a t t r i e n k i n h te Viet N a m Ngoai ra, cae ehUdng t r i n h t a i trd cua My cdn trd giup cac cd q u a n dieu h a n h nhU uy b a n chUng k h o a n n h a nUdc va Cue C a n h t r a n h t a n g cUdng n a n g lUc q u a n ly va t h i e t lap he thd'ng de p h a t t r i e n mgt n e n k i n h te tdng hdp hdn d Viet N a m Tai trd c u a USAID c h o Viet N a m tii 2000 d e n 2005 Dcfn vi: Trieu la Nam Tai c h i n h FY2000 FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 Tong so 8,82 14,00 14,88 13,18 14,10 22,45 76 My trd gidp Viet Nam cac van de mdi trUdng mang tinh sd'ng cdn dd'i vdi viec nang cao chat lUdng cude sd'ng Vien trd cua My danh eho Viet Nam hudng vao mdt sd' chUdng trinh nhU; he thd'ng ve sinh va cung cap nUde an toan; tang cQdng thifc thi quy dinh ve mdi trQdng va md rgng sQ tham gia cua cdng ehung; ban ehe nhQng xung dot ve ranh gidi lanh thd; bao ve ngudn tai nguyen rQng va he sinh thai; hd trd quan ly dd thi ben vQng Vien trd cua My danh cho Viet Nam llnh vQe mdi trifdng nam 2000 la; 0,92 trieu dd la; nam 2002 la; 0,96 trieu la (23) My bude dau trd giup Viet Nam xd ly va phue hdi mdi trudng bi nhiem chat da cam/dioxin Van de da cam/dioxin la mgt van de nhay cam quan he My-Viet TQ nam 1961 den 1971, quan ddi My da rai 80 trieu lit chat dgc hda hge, 61% sd' dd la chat dgc da cam cd chUa 366 kg dioxin xud'ng 17% dien tich toan mien Nam Viet Nam Hau qua cua cugc chie'n tranh hda hge la rat lau dai va nghiem trgng ddi vdi mdi trQdng sinh thai va eon ngQdi Viet Nam Theo sd' lieu cua phia Viet Nam dQa ra, cd tdi 4,8 trieu ngQdi Viet Nam bi phdi nhiem chat dgc, dd khoang trieu ngudi la nan nhan, nhieu ngUdi la phu nu va tre em (24) My va Viet Nam ed khae biet danh gia tae ddng lau dai cua chat da cam/dioxin Sau mdt thdi gian bat ddng, tQ nam 2007, Chinh phu My bQdc dau trd gidp Viet Nam giai quyet hau qua cua chat da cam/dioxin Trong khoan tien trieu dd la dude Qud'c hdi My phe ehuan che nam tai chinh 2007 thi 1,45 trieu dd la dUde len ke hoach su dung cho boat dgng khoanh vung va phue hdi mdi trUdng; 550.000 dd la cho cae ehi phi hd trd, cung cap nhan lUe eho vice trie'n khai cae chudng trinh ve Rghien curu Lich sit, sd 11.2009 dacam/dioxin de'n he't nam tai chi'nh 2010 va dUa ehuyen gia My ve xil ly dioxin sang Viet Nam (25) My va Viet Nam tap trung vao tay dgc d khu vUc san bay Da Nang diem ndng nha't ve mdc nhiem ddc dioxin D Q an lam saeh chat da cam tai Da N l n g dUdc ed quan phdi hdp thUe hien la Bg tai nguyen Mdi trudng, Bg Qud'c phdng va Dai sd quan My tai Viet Nam Cdng viee den bao gdm; tay rda, dap he xU ly nUdc tai chd, dap da't khdng cho mui tran bdc len Dai sQ quan My phdi hdp vdi Chinh phu Viet Nam de hoan chinh mdt chUdng trinh khac phuc mdi trUdng danh chd cac diem ndng b san bay Da Nang Vdi sQ trd gidp cua Cd quan bao ve Mdi trQdng My, USAID da phdi hdp vdi Chinh phu Viet Nam va cac nha tai trd khac de thiet ke va thQe thi mgt chQdng trinh khac phue mdi trQdng toan dien Phia My ehu trQdng tie'p tue danh trieu dd la khoan trieu dd la dUde Qud'c hgi nude phe ehuan cho nam tai ehinh 2009 de khac phue mdi trQdng hi nhiem daeam/dioxin d Viet Nam Ngoai Hnh vUe cd ban neu tren, My cdn vien trd cho Viet Nam mgt sd'Hnh vifc khae nhU; Giao due; Bao tdn cac di san van hoa; hdp tac lao dgng; chd'ng budn lau, tre em vd gia cU va tre em md cdi, Nhin ehung, tQ nam 1995 de'n nay, vien trd ciia My cho Viet Nam khong chi tang ve gia tri vien trd, ma Hnh vUc vien trd cung cang md rgng TQ viee chi gidi ban vien trd nhan dao My tie'n hanh vien trd phat tricn chinh thQe (ODA) cho Viet Nam Dieu phan anh quan he My Viet da binh thQdng hda va cang phat trie'n Tuy nhien, nhin nhan mgt each khach quan thi vien trd cho Viet Nam cdn rat khiem td'n so vdi tiem life cua My My la mgt cac nQde vien trd ODA ldn nhat the gidi, nhUng eho de'n nude v i n 77 Ve vien irg ciSa aTy cho Vief Ram chUa phai la mdt mUdi nUde vien trd ODA ldn nha't ehe Viet Nam Hdn nQa, chinh saeh ngoai giao cua My rat thUe dung My khdng eho khdng bat cd cai gi (There is no free lunch) Cae nha tai trd My deu It nhieu cd mue dieh tie'n hanh vien trd eho cac chUdng trinh-du an tai Viet Nam Dd cd the la muc dich kinh tethUdng mai, hoae chinh tri-xa hdi, Chinh phu My mud'n thdng qua cac khoan vien trd (dac biet la vien trd phat trien kinh te) de day manh dau tU, hd trd eae phan kinh te tU nhan, ddng thdi dat dieu kien huge Viet Nam phai thay ddi luat le, ed che quan ly kinh te n h i m day nhanh qua trinh tU nhan hda, ehuyen bien Viet Nam theo quy dao ciia My Bai bgc ve "Cdch mgng nhung" d mdt sd' nUde thudc Lien Xd (trUde day) va Ddng Au van cdn nguyen gia tri Tai cac nude nay, Chinh phu My tai trd tien de thUe hien cac dU an lien quan den xay dUng phap luat, tQ dd tao hanh lang phap ly thuan ldi cho cac td chUe xa hdi dan sQ ddi va phat trien, ddng thdi day nhanh qua trinh cai each the ehe thee hudng "xa hgi dan chu" kieu My Vi vay, van de dat la cac td chdc, doan the, dia phQdng eua Viet Nam phai tinh tao, khdng ao tQdng tie'p nhan nhQng khoan vien trd tQ phia My Tdm lai, sau My va Viet Nam binh thQdng hda den nay, cung vdi nhQng tien trien tich cQe eua quan he hai nQde, vien trd cua My cho Viet Nam cang tang TQ viec chi gidi ban vien trd nhan dao My da tie'n hanh vien trd phat trien cho Viet Nam Vien trd eua My bude dau gdp phan giup Viet Nam phat trien di len Tuy nhien, vien trd cua My che Viet Nam thdi gian qua ehUa tUdng xdng vdi tiem lUc thUe te cua My va van thap hdn so vdi vien trd cua My cho mgt sd' nUde khac d khu vUc Ddng Nam A CHU THICH (1) Do DUc Dinh: Quan he kinh te'Viet Nam Hoa Ky Nxb The Gidi, H^ Noi, 2000, tr 143 (2) Vietnam Economic Times/ Supplement, thang 7-1997 (3) Phat bieu eua Tong thong Hoa Ky B.Clintdn tai Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi, 1711-2000 TTXVN, Tai heu tham khao dac biet 2-12-2000 (6) Vien trd cua Hoa Ky danh cho Viet Nam Thong tin Tham khao eua Van phong NgUdi Phat ngon, Bo Ngoai giao Hoa K^, 25-6-2008, http://hanoi.usembassy.gov (7) Trd giup ciia My http://hanoi.usembassy.gov cho Viet Nam, (8) ChUdng trinh cua Van phong USAID tai Ha Noi http://hanoi.usembassy.gov (4) Mark E Manyin: Qud trinh binh thudng hod quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky, Bao cao eua ed quan nghien eUu phuc vu Quoc hoi, eSp nhat 17-6-2003, tr 27 (9) Mark E Manyin: Qud trinh binh thudng hod quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky, Bao cao cua ed quan nghien eUu phuc vu Quo'c hoi, c$p nhat ng^y 17-6-2003, tr 25 (5) Trd giup eiia My http://hanoi.usembassy.gov (10) Mark E Manyin: Qud trinh binh thudng hod quan he Viet Nam • Hoa Ky, Bao eao cua cd eho Viet Nam, Rghien ciiru Lich siir, sd 11.2009 7a (18) Vien trd cua Hoa Ky d a n h eho Viet quan nghien eUu phuc vu Quo'c hoi, cap n h a t Nam Thong tin t h a m 17-6-2003, tr 25 (11) My cung ca'p trd giup n h a n dao cho cong tae pha bom min, http://lianoi.usembassy.gov, khao cua V a n phong NgUdi P h a t ngon, Bo Ngoai giao Hoa Ky, 25-6-2008 (19) P h a m Khiem: My t a n g trd giup lam saeh cap n h a t 4-4-2006 (12) Vien trd eua Hoa Ky d a n h cho Viet Nam cha't da cam, http://hanoi.usembassy.gov (20) M a r k E M a n y i n : Qud trinh Thong tin T h a m khao ciia Van phong NgUdi P h a t binh thitdng ngon, Bo Ngoai giao Hoa Ky, 25-6-2008, hod quan he Viet Nam http://hanoi.usembassy.gov q u a n nghien cUu phuc vu Quoc hoi, cap n h a t (13) "Hdp tae Hoa Ky - Viet Nam: Ve cac va'n - Hoa Ky, Bao cao ciia cd 17-6-2003, tr 19 de lien quan de'n eha't da cam" - Dieu t r a n cua Pho (21) Q u a n he eiia Viet N a m vdi nhiJng nUde Trd ly Ngoai truSng Scot Mareiel (Vu Cae va'n de ldn, TTXVN, Tai lieu t h a m k h a o dac biet, 28- Dong A va Thai Binh Dudng, Bo Ngoai giao Hoa 12-2007, tr Ky) trUdc Tieu b a n Chau A, Thai Binh DUdng va Moi trUdng toan e l u , Uy b a n Doi ngoai Ha nghi vien Hoa Ky 4-6-2009 thudng - Hoa Ky, Bao cao cua cd quan nghien eUu phue vu Quo'c hoi, cap n h a t 17-6-2003, tr 27 (15) Trd Ha Noi (Cap nhat thang nam 2006), binh thudng http://hanoi.usembassy.gov (14) M a r k E Manyin: Qud trinh binh hod quan he Viet Nam (22) ChUdng t r i n h ciia van phong USAID tai (23) M a r k E Manyin: Qud trinh hod quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky, Bao eao cua cd q u a n nghien ciiu phue vu Quo'c hoi, cap n h a t 17-6-2003, tr 27 giup cua My cho Viet Nam, http://hanoi.usembassy.gov (16) Vien trd ciia Hoa Ky d a n h cho Viet Nam Thong tin T h a m khao eua Van phong NgUdi P h a t ngon, Bo Ngoai giao Hoa Ky, 25-6-2008, http://hanoi.usembassy.gov (24) Bao Nhdn ddn, 5-3-2009, tr (25) "Hdp tac Hoa Ky - Viet Nam: Ve eae va'n de lien q u a n de'n cha't da cam" - Dieu t r ^ n ciia Pho Trd ly Ngoai trUcIng Scot Mareiel (Vu Cac va'n de Dong A va T h a i Binh DUdng, Bg Ngoai giao Hoa Ky) trudc Tieu b a n C h a u A, T h a i Binh Dudng va (17) Ho trd ciia Hoa Ky phong ngifa va dieu tri Lao tai Viet Nam http://hanoi.usembassy.gov, cap n h a t t h a n g 3-2009 Moi trUdng t o a n c£u, Uy b a n Doi ngoai Ha nghi vien Hoa Ky http://hanoi.usembassy.gov 4-6-2009; ... vien trd eua My cho Viet Nam tang nhanh Tdng vien trd cua My eho Viet Nam tQ 21,43 trieu dd la (nam tai chinh 2000) (4) tang len gan 65 trieu dd la (nam tai ehinh 2005) (5) Trong nam tai chinh... 2005) (8); Tai trd cua USAID cho Viet Nam theo xu hQdng gia tang phan anh vien trd cang tang eua My cho Viet Nam Cung vdi sU gia tang ve gia tri, vien trd cua My cho Viet Nam cang md rdng nhieu linh... danh eho Viet Nam phdng chd'ng thien tai nam 2001 la 1,68 trieu la (9) TQ nam 1998, M^ tien h a n h vien trd cho cae boat dgng pha bom va chat nd sdt lai sau chie'n tranh d Viet Nam (ERW) Vien