Technical Reference Guide for iDX Release 3.5.x Technical Reference Guide iDirect Satellite Routers iDX Release 3.5.x February 22, 2017 ii Copyright © 2017 VT iDirect, Inc., 13861 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 300, Herndon, VA 20171, USA All rights reserved Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited Information contained herein is subject to change without notice The specifications and information regarding the products in this document are subject to change without notice All statements, information and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate, but are presented without warranty of any kind, express, or implied Users must take full responsibility for their application of any products Trademarks, brand names and products mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners All such references are used strictly in an editorial fashion with no intent to convey any affiliation with the name or the product's rightful owner VT iDirect® is a global leader in IP-based satellite communications providing technology and solutions that enable our partners worldwide to optimize their networks, differentiate their services and profitably expand their businesses Our product portfolio, branded under the name iDirect®, sets standards in performance and efficiency to deliver voice, video and data connectivity anywhere in the world VT iDirect® is the world’s largest TDMA enterprise VSAT manufacturer and is the leader in key industries including mobility, military/government and cellular backhaul Company Web site: www.idirect.net ~ Main Phone: 703.648.8000 TAC Contact Information: Phone: 703.648.8151 ~ Email: tac@idirect.net ~ Web site: tac.idirect.net iDirect Government™, created in 2007, is a wholly owned subsidiary of iDirect and was formed to better serve the U.S government and defense communities Company Web site: www.idirectgov.com ~ Main Phone: 703.648.8118 TAC Contact Information: Phone: 703.648.8111 ~ Email: tac@idirectgov.com ~ Web site: tac.idirectgov.com Document Name: REF_TRG_T0000772_ iDX 3.5.x_RevC_02222017.pdf Document Part Number: T0000772 ii Technical Reference Guide iDX Release 3.5.x | T0000772 | Rev C Revision History Revision History The following table shows all revisions for this document To determine if this is the latest revision, check the TAC Web site at http://tac.idirect.net Revision Date Updates A 09/27/2016 Initial release of Evolution Release iDX 3.5.1 B 01/04/2017 Added a Multichannel Line Card restriction and updated the Max Composite Information Bit Rate (Mbps) under the Multichannel Receive Line Card Parameters table in chapter Multichannel Line Cards on page 27 C 02/22/2017 • • Technical Reference Guide iDX 3.5.x | T0000772 | Rev C Added information on iVantage API See iVantage API on page 273 Added a note about carrier’s C/No See Adaptive TDMA on page 35 iii Revision History iv Technical Reference Guide iDX 3.5.x | T0000772 | Rev C Contents Contents List of Figures xviii About xxiii Purpose xxiii Audience xxiii Contents xxiii Document Conventions xxiv Getting Help xxv Document Set xxvi Chapter iDirect System Overview System Overview IP Network Architecture Chapter DVB-S2 in iDirect Networks DVB-S2 Key Concepts DVB-S2 in iDirect 32APSK Support in DVB-S2 Downstream Remote LNB Consideration 10 Mobility and Fade Considerations 10 Transponder Consideration 10 Linear Distortion 10 DVB-S2 Downstream 11 ACM Operation 12 Quality of Service in DVB-S2 ACM Networks 14 Technical Reference Guide iDX 3.5.x | T0000772 | Rev C v Contents Remote Nominal MODCOD 14 Remote Maximum MODCOD 14 Fixed Bandwidth Operation 14 Enhanced Information Rate 15 Scaling Factors for Fixed Bandwidth Allocation 15 Bandwidth Allocation Fairness 17 DVB-S2 Configuration 17 DVB-S2 Performance Monitoring 18 Chapter Modulation Modes and FEC Rates 19 iDirect Modulation Modes And FEC Rates 19 DVB-S2 Modulation Modes and FEC Rates 19 2D 16-State Inbound Coding for DVB-S2 Networks 19 TDMA Waveform Enhancements 20 Chapter iDirect Spread Spectrum Networks 23 Overview of Spread Spectrum 23 Spread Spectrum Hardware Components 24 Spread TDMA Upstream Specifications 25 Spread SCPC Upstream Specifications 25 Chapter Multichannel Line Cards 27 Multichannel Line Card Model Types 27 Multichannel Line Card Receive Modes 27 Multichannel Line Card Restrictions and Limits 28 Chapter SCPC Return Channels 31 Hardware Support and License Requirements 31 Single Channel vs Multichannel SCPC Return 32 SCPC Return Feature on Remotes 32 VNO for SCPC Return 33 vi Technical Reference Guide iDX 3.5.x | T0000772 | Rev C Contents Chapter Adaptive TDMA 35 Theory of Operation 35 Short Term Adaptivity and Real-Time Resource Management 36 Medium Term Adaptivity 37 Long Term Adaptivity 38 C/N0 and C/N 38 Fade Margin and Measurement Interval Calculations 40 C/N Dynamic Range for Individual Carriers 42 C/N0 Dynamic Range for Inroute Group 42 Power Control 43 Considerations of TDMA Frame-Filling Efficiency 43 Frame Filling 44 Adaptive TDMA Configuration and Constraints 44 Remote Configuration 46 Reference Carrier Parameters 46 Remote Carrier Constraint Parameters 47 47 Chapter Multicast Fast Path 49 Overview 49 Multicast Fast Path Streams 49 Multicast Fast Path Encryption 50 Multicast Fast Path Encryption Key Management 51 Enabling Multicast Fast Path Encryption 52 Multicast Fast Path Encryption Monitoring 52 X7 Multicast Fast Path on a Second Downstream Carrier 53 Enabling X7 Multicast Fast Path from a Second Downstream 53 Setting Up Multicast Fast Path Encryption Using a GKD Server 55 Configuring GKD for Encrypted Multicast Fast Path in Secondary Networks 55 Protocol Processor Configuration 56 Network Configuration 57 X7 Remote Configuration 58 Technical Reference Guide iDX 3.5.x | T0000772 | Rev C vii Contents Creating a GKD Options File for MCFPE for X7 Remotes with a Second Downstream Carrier 59 Supported List of Configurations 61 Chapter QoS Implementation Principles 65 Quality of Service (QoS) 65 QoS Measures 65 iDirect QoS Profiles 66 Classification and Scheduling of Packets 68 Service Levels 68 Packet Scheduling 69 Priority Queues 70 Class-Based Weighted Fair Queues 70 Best Effort Queues 70 Application Throughput 71 Minimum Information Rate 71 Committed Information Rate (CIR) 72 Maximum Information Rate 72 Free Slot Allocation 73 Compressed Real-Time Protocol 73 Sticky CIR 73 Application Jitter 73 TDMA Slot Feathering 74 Packet Segmentation 74 Application Latency 74 Maximum Channel Efficiency vs Minimum Latency 75 Group QoS 75 Group QoS Structure 76 Bandwidth Pool 76 Bandwidth Group 76 Service Group 77 Application 77 Service Profiles 78 viii Technical Reference Guide iDX 3.5.x | T0000772 | Rev C Contents Remote Profiles 78 Group QoS Scenarios 79 Physical Segregation Scenario 79 CIR Per Application Scenario 80 Tiered Service Scenario 81 Third Level of Segregation by VLAN Scenario 82 The Shared Remote Scenario 83 Remote Service Group Scenario 85 DVB-S2 ACM Scenario 1: Scaled Aggregate CIRs Below Partition’s CIR 87 DVB-S2 ACM Scenario 2: Scaled Aggregate CIRs Exceeds Partition’s CIR 89 Bandwidth Allocation Fairness Relative to CIR 90 Bandwidth Allocation Fairness Relative to MODCOD 91 Chapter 10 TDMA Initial Transmit Power 93 All Remotes Need To Transmit Bursts in the Same C/N Range 94 What Happens When Initial Tx Power Is Set Incorrectly? 94 When Initial Transmit Power is Too High 94 When Initial Transmit Power is Too Low 95 Chapter 11 Uplink Control Process 97 TDMA Uplink Control 97 Acquisition 97 Network Operation 99 UCP Correction Processing 99 UCP Symbol Timing 99 UCP Frequency Tracking 100 UCP Power Control and Fade Detection 100 SCPC Return Uplink Control 103 UCP Power Adjustment for SCPC Upstream Carriers 104 Viewing UCP Statistics in iMonitor 104 Chapter 12 Remote Idle and Dormant States 107 Overview 107 Technical Reference Guide iDX 3.5.x | T0000772 | Rev C ix Contents Feature Description 108 Chapter 13 Verifying Error Thresholds Using IP Packets 113 Introduction 113 TDMA Upstream Threshold Testing 113 Upstream Example 114 Upstream Example 114 DVB-S2 Downstream Threshold Testing 115 Downstream Example 115 Chapter 14 Global NMS Architecture 117 How the Global NMS Works 117 Sample Global NMS Network 118 Chapter 15 Security Best Practices 119 Hub and NMS Server Security 119 Network Isolation and External Access 119 Server Password Security 119 Secure Server Connections 120 Encryption of Backup Files Before Archiving 120 Clearing Data from Decommissioned Servers 120 NMS Client Security 120 User Passwords and Permissions 120 Client Access 121 Remote Access 121 Console Password Security 121 Clearing Data from Decommissioned Remotes and Line Cards 121 DNS Queries on Satellite (SAT0) Interface of Remote 122 Chapter 16 Global Protocol Processor Architecture 123 Remote Distribution 123 De-coupling of NMS and Data Path Components 123 x Technical Reference Guide iDX 3.5.x | T0000772 | Rev C ... Command Hyperlink xxiv Example cd /etc/snmp/ 8 35 0 .32 35 : DATA CRC [ 1] 8 35 0 . 35 02 : DATA CRC [58 18] 8 35 0. 438 2 : DATA CRC [ 20] Technical Reference Guide iDX 3. 5. x | T0000772 | Rev C About NOTE: A Note... 117 118 124 1 25 130 132 132 133 1 35 136 137 138 161 Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure 21-2 21 -3 23- 1 23- 2 26-1 26-2 26 -3 26-4 26 -5 Remote VSAT Tab: Entering... Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 8-1 19-1 23- 1 23- 2 29-1 29-2 29 -3 29-4 29 -5 29-6 30 -1 31 -1 31 -2 31 -3 31-4 31 -5 31 -6 31 -7 31 -8 B-1 Supported MCFPE Configurations