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Types of sentences in reported speech ( các loại câu trong lời nói gián tiếp) a.. Statements ( Câu kể/ Câu trần thuật).[r]
(1)VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVISION FOR UNIT TIẾNG ANH 10 Unit 9: PRESEVING THE ENVIRONMENT
(Bảo vệ môi trường) PHẦN I: TỔNG KẾT TỪ VỰNG VÀ NGỮ PHÁP A VOCABULARY
New words Meaning Example Aquatic
/'kwætik/ (adj)
Dưới nước, sống nước
The overuse of chemicals can kill aquatic animals
Việc sử dụng hóa chất mức giết chết động vật biển
Article /’a:tik/ (n)
Bài báo It is very difficult to analyze this article Rất khó để phân tích báo
Chemical /’kemik əl/ (n)
Hóa chất Dangerous chemicals were released into the river Những hóa chất nguy hiểm thải sông
Confuse /k’əfju:z/ (v)
Làm bối rối, nhầm lẫn
The information on the board confused people Thông tin bảng làm người bối rối
Confusion /kən’fju:ʒən/ (n)
Sự bối rối, nhầm lẫn
There is a lot of confusion about this issue Có nhiều bối rối vấn đề
Consumption /k ən’s ʌmp ʃ ən/ (n)
Sự tiêu dùng, tiêu thụ
Oil consumption often increases in cold weather Việc tiêu thụ dầu thường tăng lên vào thời tiết lạnh
Contaminate / k ən’t ỉmineit/ (v)
Làm bẩn, nhiễm
(2)Damage /’dæmid ʒ/ (v)
Làm hỏng, thiệt hại
Many buildings were damaged in the storm Nhiều tòa nhà bị hư hỏng bão
Deforestation /di:f ɒri’stei ʃ ən/ (n)
Sự phá rừng Deforestation has a negative effect on the environment Nạn phá rừng có ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến mơi trường
Degraded /digreid/ (adj)
Giảm sút chất lượng
We have changed and degraded the natủal environment Chúng ta làm thay đổi làm hại đến môi trường tự nhiên
Deplete /di’pli:t/ (v)
Cạn kiệt Food supplies are severely depleted Nguồn thức ăn bị cạn kiệt nghiêm trọng
Depletion / di’pli: ʃən/ (n)
Sự cạn kiệt Over - exploitation of oil will lead to the depletion of this natural resource
Việc khai thác mức dẫn đến cạn kiệt nguồn tài nguyên
Destruction /di’str ʌk ʃən/
Sự phá hủy, hủy diệt
We should be responsible for the destruction of the forest Chúng ta nên chịu trách nhiệm cho việc phá hủy rừng
Ecosystem /’i :kə ʊ,sistəm/ (n)
Hệ sinh thái Tourism is damaging our ecosystem Ngành du lịch gây hại đến hệ sinh thái
Editor /’editər/ (n)
(3)Fertilizer /’f ɜ:tilaizər/ (n)
Phân bón The overuse of chemical fertilzen can lead to soil pollution Việc sử dụng phân bón hóa học mức dẫn đến ô nhiễm đất
Fossil fuel /’f ɒsəl’fju:əl/ (n)
Nhiên liệu hóa thạch
Fossil fuels are non - renewable energy sources such as coal or oil formed from dead animals and flants underground
Nhiên liệu hóa thạch nguồn lượng tái tạo than đá, dầu mà hình thành từ động thực vật chết đất Global warming /gləʊbl w ɔ:miŋ/ (n)
Sự nóng lên tồn cầu
Global warming is one of the biggest problém that we are facing
Sự nóng lên tồn cầu vấn đề lớn mà đối mặt
Greenhouse effect /’gri:nhaʊs I’fekt/ (n)
Hiệu ứng nhà kính
Greenhouse effect is the gradual increase of temperature on the earth’s surface
Hiệu ứng nhà kính tăng nhiệt độ từ từ lên bề mặt trái đất
Inorganic /in ɔ:’gỉnik/ (adj)
Vơ Dumping inorganic waste in the ground cause soil pollution Đổ rác vô vào đất gây ô nhiễm đất
Long - term /lɒŋ’tɜ:m/ (adj)
Dài hạn They should have a long-term investment in this project Họ nên có đầu tư dài hạn vào dự án
Pesticide /’pestisaid/ (n)
Thuốc trừ sâu Dumping pollutants such as pesticides and other chemicals in rivers maké water contaminated
(4)Pollutant /pə’lu:tənt/ (n)
Chất ô nhiễm Factories should stop releasing pollutants
Các nhà máy nên ngừng việc thải chất ô nhiễm
Pollute /pə’lu:t/ (v)
Gây ô nhiễm We need a fuel that won’t pollute the environment
Chúng ta cần loại nhiên liệu mà không làm ô nhiễm môi trường
Pollution /pə’lu: ʃən/ (n)
Sự ô nhiễm Environmental pollution is becoming a serious problem Ơ nhiễm mơi trường trở thành vấn đề nghiêm trọng
Preservation /’prezə’vei ʃən/ (n)
Sự bảo tồn, giữ gìn
I think the preservation of old buildings is very necessary Tơi nghĩ việc bảo tồn tịa nhà cổ cần thiết
Preserve /pri’zɜ:v/ (v)
Bảo tồn, giữ gìn, bảo vệ
The government should more to preserve the enivironment Chính phủ nên làm nhiều việc để bảo vệ môi trường
Protection /pr ə’tek ʃən/ (n)
Sự bảo vệ We need your protection
Chúng cần bảo vệ bạn
Solution / sə’lu: ʃən/ (n)
Giải pháp There is no solution to this problem Khơng có giải pháp cho vấn đề
Vegetation /,ved ʒi’teiʃən/ (n)
Cây cỏ, thực vật Desert areas have little vegetation Những vùng sa mạc có thực vật
(5)*REPORTED SPEECH ( LỜI NÓI TƯỜNG THUẬT, GIÁN TIẾP) Definition
Lời nói gián tiếp lời nói thuật lại ý người nói, thơng tin từ người thứ qua người thứ hai đến người thứ ba Trong lời nói gián tiếp cấu trúc câu có biến đổi mặt ngữ pháp
E.g
Trực tiếp: He said,”I am a student.” Gián tiếp: He said (that) he was a student
2 Types of sentences in reported speech ( loại câu lời nói gián tiếp) a Statements ( Câu kể/ Câu trần thuật)
Câu trần thuật kiểu câu dùng để kể, xác nhận, miêu tả, thông báo, nhận định, trình bày tượng, hoạt động, trạng thái, tính chất thực tế
E.g: “Mary said,” I am watching TV”
- Khi chuyển câu trần thuật trực tiếp sang gián tiếp phải thực sau: + Dùng động từ say tell:
S + say/ say to sb/ tell sb (that) + S + …… Form:
+ Đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, … cho tương ứng với mệnh đề E.g:
Trực tiếp: Nga said,”I am reading books.”
Gián tiếp: Nga said (that) she was reading books Trực tiếp: She said, “My brother is a doctor” Gián tiếp: She said (that) her brother was a doctor + Thay đổi “thì” động từ
- “thì” động từ lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo nguyên tắc chung lùi thì: S + said/ said to sb/ told sb (that) + S + V( lùi )…
Form
(6)Lời nói trực tiếp ( Direct speech) Lời nói gián tiếp ( Reported speech) Hiện đơn
He said, “I work in a bank.”
Quá khứ đơn
-> He said (that) he worked in a bank
Hiện tiếp diễn
Nam said, I am talking to my brother.”
Quá khứ tiếp diễn
-> Nam said (that) he was talking to his brother
Hiện hoàn thành
Mr Ha said, “ I have bought a computer.”
Quá khứ hoàn thành
-> Mr Ha said (that) he had bought a computer
Hiện hoàn thành tiếp diễn
He said, “I have been waiting for you for hours.”
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
-> Ha said (that) he/ she had been waiting for me for hours
Quá khứ đơn
She said, “ I did the exercise.”
Quá khứ hoàn thành
-> She said (that) she had done the exercise
Tương lai đơn
She said, “I did the exercise.”
Tương lai khứ
-> My mother said (that) she would visit Hue city
Tương lai tiếp diễn
He said, “I will be sitting at the café.”
Tương lai tiếp diễn khứ
-> He said (that) he would be sitting at the café
Tương lai gần ( Is/ am/ are going to do) They said, “ We are going to build a new house.”
Was/ were going to
(7)Can/ may/ must
He said, “ I must my homework.”
Could/ might/ had to
-> He said (that) he had to his homework
+ Thay đổi tính từ định, trạng từ thời gian, nơi chốn
Lời nói trực tiếp ( Direct speech) Lời nói gián tiếp ( Reported speech )
This/ These That/ Those
Here There
Now Then
Today That day
Ago Before
Tomorrow The next day/ the following day/ the day after The day after tomorrow Two days after/ in two day’s time
Yesterday The day before/ the previous day
The day before yesterday Two days before
Last week The previous week/ the week before
Next week The next week/ the following week/ the week after
E.g:
Trực tiếp: She said, “ I saw him here in this room yesterday.”
Gián tiếp: She said (that) she had seen him there in that room the day before/ the previous day Ngoài quy tắc chung cần nhớ tình thật thời gian hành động thuật lại đóng vai trị quan trọng chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp
*Note:
(8)E.g: She told me that he was a student
- Động từ “say” có tân ngữ không Nếu muốn đề cập đến người nghe, ta dùng “to” E.g: She said to me that she was doing the housework
b Questions ( câu hỏi ) Câu hỏi chia làm loại:
+ Yes/ No questions ( câu hỏi yes/ No ):
- Câu hỏi yes/ no loại câu hỏi trả lời yes/ no E.g
Are you a doctor? Does he live here?
- Để chuyển hỏi yes/ no từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp làm theo cấu trúc sau: S1 + asked + (O) + IF/ WHETHER + S2 + V (lùi thì)…
- Tân ngữ sau động từ “ask” có khơng E.g
Trực tiếp: Miss Nga said, “Are you a foreigner?”
Gián tiếp: Miss Nga asked (me) if/ whether I was a foreigner Trực tiếp: “Does John understand music? He asked
Gián tiếp: He asked (me) if/ whether John understood music + WH - questions ( Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi )
- Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi loại câu hỏi mà người hỏi muốn biết thêm thông tin cần giải đáp E.g
What are you doing now? Where did you go yesterday?
- Để chuyển câu hỏi có từ để hỏi từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp làm theo cấu trúc sau: S1 + asked + (O) + WH - (when, where, how….) + S2 + V ( lùi )…
(9)Trực tiếp: “ What is your name?” He asked Gián tiếp: He asked (me) what my name was C Imperatives (Câu mệnh lệnh ):
Câu mệnh lệnh loại câu dùng để yêu cầu/ đề nghị người khác làm Cách nhận biết câu mệnh lệnh:
Câu mệnh lệnh thường bắt đầu bằng: - Động từ ( V )
E.g
Open the windows, please Hoặc please open the windows ( Từ “please” có thề thêm vào đầu cuối câu để tạo lịch sự.)
- Don’t + V …… ( Mệnh lệnh phủ định ) E.g
Don’t smoke in the room
- Can/ Could/ Will/ Would you + S + V … ? ( Chỉ yêu cầu lịch )
E.g: Can you lend me some books? ( Bạn cho tơi mượn vài sách không ?)
Để chuyển câu hỏi có từ để hỏi từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp làm theo cấu trúc sau: S + told/ asked/ ordered + O + (not) + to V +……
E.g
Trực tiếp: The teacher said to students ‘ Close the door, please” Gián tiếp: The teacher asked/ told students to close the door
Note: Trong câu mệnh lệnh bắt buộc phải có tân ngữ ( người nghe ) nên cần tìm tân ngữ câu
Các cách để tìm tân ngữ:
- Đối với câu mà đề cho sẵn ta việc lấy mà sử dụng E.g
Trực tiếp: Lan said to Hung: “Open your book.” ( Hung tân ngữ ) Gián tiếp: Lan told/ asked Hung to open his book
(10)E.g
Trực tiếp: “ Help me clean the house, Nga” Said Hung ( Nga tân ngữ ) Gián tiếp: Hung asked Told nga to help her clean the house
- Đối với câu mà khơng có người nghe nhắc đến phía ngồi dấu ngoặc khơng tìm thấy cuối câu ta xem xét phía trước người nói có tính từ sở hữu hay khơng Nếu có ta lấy làm tân ngữ
E.g
Trực tiếp: Her mother said: “Don’t talk loudly in the room.” ( mẹ cô => người nghe cô ấy, tân ngữ her)
Gián tiếp: Her mother asked/ told her not to talk loudly in the room
- Đối với câu mà khơng thể tìm tân ngữ theo cách dùng “me” ( ) làm tân ngữ ( người nghe )
E.g
Trực tiếp: Lan said:”Go home work.”
Gián tiếp: Lan asked/ told me to go home then D Một số trường hợp khơng thay đổi “thì” động từ
- Động từ mệnh đề đơn ( say/ says ), tiếp diễn ( is/ are saying ); hoàn thành “ ( have said/ has said ); tương lai đơn ( will say )
Trực tiếp: Tom says, “ I am fine “
Gián tiếp: Tom says he is fine ( Tom nói anh khỏe ) - Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả chân lý, thật hiển nhiên
Trực tiếp: He said, “ The sun rises in the East.” Gián tiếp: He said ( that ) the sun sises in the East - Lời nói trực tiếp câu điều kiện loại II III
Trực tiếp: “ If I were you, I would meet her” he said Gián tiếp: He said that if he were me, he would meet her - Lời nói trực tiếp cấu trúc “ Wish + past simple/ past perfect”
Trực tiếp: “ I wish I lived in Ho Chi Minh City”, she said Gián tiếp: She said she wished he lived in Ho Chi Minh City - Cấu trúc “ It’s time the children went to school”, she said
(11)- Lời nói trực tiếp có động từ khiếm khuyết ( could/ would/ should/ might/ ought to/ had better/ used to….)
Trực tiếp: Miss Lan said, “ you should study hard.” Gián tiếp: Miss Lan said I should study hard PHẦN B: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence The stranger asked me where I from
A come B coming C to come D came
2 Ms Nga wanted to know what time
A the movie began B the movie begins C does the movie begin D did the movie begin Mary said she ……… there the day before
A is B had been C will be D would be
4 Mai asked Quang ……
A when he will come back B when he would come back C when he comes back D when he is coming back She told me _ her up at six o’clock
A please pick B to pick C should pick D I can pick He said that He and his friend _ married
A were getting/ tomorrow B are getting/ the next day C were getting/ the next day D will get/ the day after He asked me when _ there
A did I arrive B will I arrive C I had arrived D I can arrive The teacher said, “ I didn’t see her.” -> The teacher said her
A he had seen B I hadn’t seen C he didn’t see D he hadn’t seen
9 I wondered _ the right thing
A If I am doing B was I doing
C am I doing D whether I was doing
(12)A told me B told to me C said me D asked me Bài 2: Change the statements into reported speech
1 “She works in a bank” He said _
2 “ We went out last night”
She told me _they had gone out the previous night _ “I’m coming!”
He said _ _
4 “ I’d never been there before” She said _ _ “ I didn’t go to the party “ He told me _ “My mother will come later” She said _
7 “ He hasn’t eaten breakfast” She told me _ “ You should go to bed early “ She told me _ _
Bài 3: Change the questions into reported speech “ What are you going to at the weekend?’ He asked me
2 “Where will you work after graduation?” He asked me
(13)1 “Please help me carry this suitcase” She asked me _ _
2 “Please come early” She asked me _
3 “Could you please open the window?” She asked me
4 “Do your homework!” She told me _ _ “Don’t be late!”
She told me _ _
Bài 5: Change the sentences into reported speech Lan said “Can you sing a song?”
2 Miss Hoa asked Hung, “Where did you go last weeks?” Mr Nam said, “ I am taking the IELTS test tomorrow.” My mother said, “ I didn’t have a computer last year.” The teacher said, “ You must your homework yourself.” Mary said, “ I want to be a writer when I grow up.”
7 My mother said, “you should go to bed early.”
8 Lan asked, “ Do many tourists visit Ha Long Bay every year, Mai?.” Mrs Linh said “ She will spend my holiday in Da Lat next month” 10 Tom told us, “ I not understand what you are saying.” PHẦN C: BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 6: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence Jylia said that she there at noon
A is going to be B was going to be C will be D can be He _that he was leaving way that afternoon
A told me B told to me C said me D says to me
3 She said to me that she to me the Sunday before
(14)4 I _him to sell that old motorbike
A said to B suggested C advised D
recommended
5 My parents reminded me the flowers
A to planting B plant C to plant D planting
6 I asked Martha to enter law school
A are you planning B is she planning
C was she planning D if she was planning
7 Nam wanted to know what time
A does the movie begin B did the movie begin
C the movie begins D the movie began
8 I wondered the right thing
A whether I was doing B if I am doing
C was I doing D am I doing
9 The scientist said the earth the sun
A goes round B is going around
C went around D was going around
10 Peter said that if he rich, he _ a lot
A is - will travel B were - would travel
C had been - would have travelled D was - will travel
Bài 7: Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction I (A) asked him how far (B) was it from my school to post office (C) if I went there (D) by taxi They asked me (A) that I (B) could (C) some shopping (D) with them
3 Her mother (A) ordered her (B) not go out with (C) him the day (D) before She said (A) that the book (B) in the library (C) would be available (D) tomorrow He (A) advised her (B) thinking about that example (C) again because it needed (D) correcting
Bài 8: Complete the sentence into reported speech “Open the door,”he said to them
(15)2 “Where are you going?” he asked her -> He asked her where “Which way did they go?” he asked -> He asked me _
4 “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her -> I told
5 “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us -> She told _
6 “Is it going to be fine day today?” I asked her -> I asked her
7 “He’s not at home”, she says -> She says that _
8 “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked -> The girl wanted to know _
9 “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said -> Tom told Ann
10 “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her -> He asked _ _
Bài 9: Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence given
1 “Would you like to go to the movies with us tonight?” they said to me -> They invited _ _
2 To this test was difficult -> It was _ _
3 The last time Bill met Tom was in 2010 -> Bill hasn’t _ _
4 Ms, Smith is proud of her son’s contribution to the play -> Ms Smith is proud of what
(16)Bài 10 Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence given using the words in the brackets
1 “I haven’t been home this evening, Mary” said Bill (told) -> Bill _ _
2 I haven’t seen my sister for years (since) -> It’s _
3 My book was published last year It became a best seller (that) “ I’ll pick you up at 7:00, Kate” said Mark (promised)
5 The bad was found later The robbers put the money in it (in) ANSWER KEY Bài 1: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence The stranger asked me where I from
A come B coming C to come D came
2 Ms Nga wanted to know what time
A the movie began B the movie begins C does the movie begin D did the movie begin Mary said she ……… there the day before
A is B had been C will be D would be
4 Mai asked Quang ……
A when he will come back B when he would come back C when he comes back D when he is coming back She told me _ her up at six o’clock
A please pick B to pick C should pick D I can pick He said that He and his friend _ married
A were getting/ tomorrow B are getting/ the next day C were getting/ the next day D will get/ the day after He asked me when _ there
(17)9 I wondered _ the right thing
A If I am doing B was I doing
C am I doing D whether I was doing
10 Tom _ that his mother was in hospital
A told me B told to me C said me D asked me Bài 2: Change the statements into reported speech
1 “She works in a bank”
He said She worked in a bank _ “ We went out last night”
She told me _they had gone out the previous night _ “I’m coming!”
He said _he was coming _ “ I’d never been there before”
She said _she had never been there before _ “ I didn’t go to the party “
He told me he hadn’t gone to the party _ “My mother will come later”
She said _her mother would come later “ He hasn’t eaten breakfast”
She told me _he hadn’t eaten breakfast “ You should go to bed early “
She told me _i should go to bed early _ Bài 3: Change the questions into reported speech “ What are you going to at the weekend?’
He asked me what I was you going to at the weekend “Where will you work after graduation?”
He asked me where I would work after graduation “How was the journey?”
(18)She asked me if I lived in HN _ “Did he arrive on time?”
She asked me if I had arrived on time _ Bài 4: Change the requests into reported speech “Please help me carry this suitcase”
She asked me _to help her carry this suitcase _ “Please come early”
She asked me _to come early “Could you please open the window?”
She asked me if I could open the window “Do your homework!”
She told me _ to my homework _ “Don’t be late!”
She told me _not to be late _
Bài 5: Change the sentences into reported speech
1 Lan said “ Can you sing a song?” lan asked me if I could sing a song Miss Hoa asked Hung, “Where did you go last weeks?”
Miss Hoa asked Hung where he had gone the previous week Mr Nam said, “ I am taking the IELTS test tomorrow.”
Mr Nam said he was taking the IELTS test the following day My mother said, “ I didn’t have a computer last year.”
My mother said that she hadn’t had a computer the previous year The teacher said, “ You must your homework yourself.”
The teacher told me I had to my homework myself Mary said, “ I want to be a writer when I grow up.” Mary said she wanted to be a writer when she grew up My mother said, “you should go to bed early.”
(19)10 Tom told us, “ I not understand what you are saying.” BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 6: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence Jylia said that she there at noon
A is going to be B was going to be C will be D can be He _that he was leaving way that afternoon
A told me B told to me C said me D says to me She said to me that she to me the Sunday before
A wrote B has written C was writing D had written I _him to sell that old motorbike
A said to B suggested C advised D recommended
5 My parents reminded me the flowers
A to planting B plant C to plant D planting
6 I asked Martha to enter law school
A are you planning B is she planning
C was she planning D if she was planning
7 Nam wanted to know what time
A does the movie begin B did the movie begin
C the movie begins D the movie began
8 I wondered the right thing
A whether I was doing B if I am doing
C was I doing D am I doing
9 The scientist said the earth the sun
A goes round B is going around
C went around D was going around
10 Peter said that if he rich, he _ a lot
A is - will travel B were - would travel
C had been - would have travelled D was - will travel
(20)1 I (A) asked him how far (B) was it from my school to post office (C) if I went there (D) by taxi They asked me (A) that I (B) could (C) some shopping (D) with them
3 Her mother (A) ordered her (B) not go out with (C) him the day (D) before She said (A) that the book (B) in the library (C) would be available (D) tomorrow He (A) advised her (B) thinking about that example (C) again because it needed (D) correcting
Bài 8: Complete the sentence into reported speech “Open the door,”he said to them
-> He told them to open the door _ “Where are you going?” he asked her
-> He asked her where she was going “Which way did they go?” he asked
-> He asked me which way they had gone _ “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her
-> I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us
-> She told us not to try to open it then _ “Is it going to be fine day today?” I asked her
-> I asked her if it was going to be fine that day “He’s not at home”, she says
-> She says that he was not at home “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked
-> The girl wanted to know _if the bus station was far away “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said
-> Tom told Ann not to stay out late 10 “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her -> He asked _ her to let him borrow her car _
Bài 9: Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence given
(21)-> They invited _me to go to the movies with them that night _ To this test was difficult
-> It was _ difficult to this test _ The last time Bill met Tom was in 2010 -> Bill hasn’t _met Tom since 2010 _
4 Ms, Smith is proud of her son’s contribution to the play
-> Ms Smith is proud of what her son can contribute/ contributed to the play I had to cancel the birthday party because my grandmother is seriously ill
-> I had to cancel _ the birthday party because of grandmother’s serious illness _
Bài 10 Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence given using the words in the brackets
1 “I haven’t been home this evening, Mary” said Bill (told)
-> Bill _ told Mary that he hadn’t been home that evening _ I haven’t seen my sister for years (since)
-> It’s _5 years since I last saw my sister
3 My book was published last year It became a best seller (that)
-> My book, which was published last year , became a best seller _ “ I’ll pick you up at 7:00, Kate” said Mark (promised)
-> Mike promised to pick kate up at 7.00_
5 The bad was found later The robbers put the money in it (in)
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