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Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining Relative Clause): là mệnh đề được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước nó.. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu, không c[r]
(1)INFINITIVES A Infinitive with to / infinitive:
To-a Một số động từ sau theo sau To inf. decide (quyết định)
hope (hy voïng)
manage (cố gắng, xoay sở) promise (hứa)
seem (dường như) start * (bắt đầu) begin* (bắt đầu)
like* (thích) + (O)
love* (thích) + (O)
hate* (gheùt) + (O) + To-inf ask (hỏi, yêu cầu) + (O)
expect (mong đợi) + (O) help**(giúp đỡ) + (O) intend (dự định) + (O)
invite (mời) + (O)
want (muoán) + (O)
wish (ước, muốn) + (O) allow (cho phép) + O advise (khuyên) + O
get + O
tell (baûo) + O
Example:
- We decidedto make a trip to Dalak. - She wantsto have a cup of tea.
- My cousin wanted me to take her to the supermarket - My grandparents often advise me to study hard
* Lưu ý: + Động từ với * theo sau To infinitive V-ing
+ Động từ với ** theo sau To infinitive Infinitive without to
b To-infinitive dùng sau số tính từ phản ứng, cảm giác con người.
delighted (vui) lovely (đáng yêu) pleased (vui, hài lòng) anxious (bồn chồn, lo lắng) shocked (bị sock)
surprised (ngạc nhiên ) + To inf happy (hạnh phúc)
glad (vui, hân hạnh) afraid (ngại)
sorry (lấy làm tiếc)
Example: I’m glad to come to your party today
(2)d To-infinitive dùng cấu trúc sau: - TOO + adj + (for someone) + to inf
- adj + ENOUGH + to inf
Example: - The tea is too hot (for me) to drink. - He’s strong enoughto lift this stone
e To-infinitive dùng mẫu câu với chủ từ giả “It”: It is (not) impossible + for someone + to -inf
easy important necessary usual
Example: It’s impossible for him to find a job now.
f Chúng ta sử dụng to infinitive sau số danh từ đại từ thành phần bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đại từ để thay cho mệnh đề quan hệ.
Example: I have a lot of work to do. = I have a lot of work which I have to do.
g Những đại từ bất định something, anything, nothing từ tương tự thường theo sau “ for + O + to inf”
Example: There’s nothing for the cats to eat
B Infinitive without to / VBI (verbs bare inf)
a Sau động từ let make tân ngữ cụm VBI let ( để), make (bắt, buộc) + O + VBI
Example: - The film made me cry - Let me go!
b Infinitive without to / VBI dùng sau động từ sau: see, watch, hear, smell, feel Example: - I feel the earth move
- We watched Liverpool and Manchester play on TV last night (xem hết trận đấu) * Lưu ý: Sau động từ see, watch, hear ta dùng VBIkhi hành động được thấy (see), xem (watch), nghe (hear)
Practice:
Complete each of the following sentences with to-inf and/or inf without to: I’ve decided (buy)…… a new apartment
2 What time you expect (arrive) …… in Chicago? That T-shirt makes you (look) …… younger Let me (post) …… that letter for you
5 It’s important for students (do) ……their homework I promise you your order will (send) …… today She went to the post office (buy) …… some stamps He isn’t tall enough (reach) …… the top sheft We listened (sing) …… a song
10 I heard her (shout) …… at the children 11 It’s too cold for us (go) …… swimming today
12 It takes hours (fly) …… from Los Angerles to Honolulu 13 I saw her (across) …… the road
(3)15 John is easy (please) ……
16 I’m sorry ( have troubled) ……you
17 It’s late I think we had better (go) …… home 18 We can (leave) …… soon
19 Don’t let the children (annoy) …… you 20 We want (stay) …… home tonight
21 My father allowed me (use) ………… the camera
22 People use their money (buy) …… and (sell) …… things 23 She asked us (sit)… down and went (make) … some coffee 24 Tim is too young (join) ………… the army
25 The movie was very sad It made me (cry) ………… 26 Would you like (come) ………… to dinner on Friday? 27 It took us three hours (get) ………… here
28 I’d rather (go) …… (shop) …… than anything else 29 I wonder if you’d be kind enough (help) ………… me 30 The robbers forced the manager (open) ………… the safe
-PAST SIMPLE, -PAST PERFECT & -PAST PROGRESSIVE
1. Simple past
a. Form
Khẳng định: S + V2 / V-ed …… Phủ định : S + didn’t + V1 … Nghi vaán : Did + S + V1 … ?
b. Use
Diễn tả hành động xảy chấm dứt thời điểm khoảng thời gian xác định khứ
Ex: He met her yesterday.
He lived in Hanoi from 1990 to 2000 They didn’t meet each other last night
Caùch nhậ n bi t:ế yesterday, ago, last + time , in + year , from… to 2. Past continuous
a. Form
Khaúng ñònh: S + were / was + V-ing …… Phủ định : S + were / was + not + V-ing …… Nghi vaán : Were / Was + S + V-ing ……?
b. Use
Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm xác định khứ
Ex: What were you doing at 8.00 last night ? I was watching television When I got home , the children were crying and the dog was barking Diễn tả hành động bị gián đoạn
(4)Ex: I was learning my lesson while my parents were watching TV at 8.30 last night While he was playing football, we were listening to music
Caùch nhậ n bi t:ế
At that moment ( vào lúc đó) At that time ( vào lúc đó)
At this time yesterday ( vào lúc hôm qua) At this time last night ( vào lúc tối hôm qua)
At (5, …) o'clock yesterday (vào lúc (5, 6…) hôm qua.) All day yesterday ( suốt ngày hôm qua)
3. Past perfect
a. Form
Khẳng định : S + had + V3 / V-ed … Phủ định : S + had + not + V3 / V-ed … Nghi vaán : Had + S + V3 / V-ed … ?
b. Use
Diễn tả hành động xảy trước hành động khác thời điểm khác khứ Cách nhậ n bi t:ế before, after, by the time, when, as soon as.
Ex: My parents had already eatenby the time I got home Until yesterday , I had never heard about it
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past perfect and past progressive: He said he (join) …… the army in 1985
2 Bill (have) …….breskfast when I stopped at this house
3 When I went back to the shop, they (sell) …… the book I wanted Hoe many countries they (visit) … by March last year
5 When he (come) …… home, I (talk) …… to my mother on the phone
6 While I (lie) …… in bed last night, I (hear) …… a strange noise in front of the door It (rain) …… heavily when I (sleep) …… yesterday afternoon
8 While Mrs Smith (plant) …… flowers in the garden, Mr Smith (change) …… the oil in his car When we (arrive) …… at the airport, they (wait) …… for us there
10 He (do) …… a lot of jobs before he (work) …… in this company
11 Yesterday while I (look) …… at my computer screen, I (start) …… feel a little dizzy, so I (take) … a break
12 Susan (send) …… a letter to her university after she (receive) …… her scholarship check 13 Tom (meet) …… Mary in 1986 and they have been good friends since then
14 After they (visit) …… Paris, they (go) …… to Manchester
15 George (work) …… at the university 45 years before he (retire) …… 16 After Tom (wash) …… his clothes, he (begin) …… to study
17 When John and I (got) …… to the theatre, the movie (start) …… 18 Before I could say anything, they (admit) …… their mistakes
19 I (hit) …… my thumb while I (use) …… the hammer Ouch! That (hurt) ……
While I (read) …… books in the living room last night, I (hear) …… a strange noise in the kitchen I (go) …… to the kitchen, (turn) …… on the lights I (hold) …… my break and (listen) …… carefully I (realise) that a mouse (chew) …… on something under the cupboard
(5)2 When I entered his room, I saw him ( sleep ) in a chair If only I ( have ) money with me, I ( lend ) you some why are you under the table? You (look) for something? David (wash) his hands He just (repair) the TV set
6 The radio (play) since a.m I wish someone would turn it off "Where is Jane?" "Down stairs sir" "She (greet) the guests
8 Mr Brown just ( finish) reading the letter when the telephone on his desk ( ring) Those students who ( fail) the exam are going to take another one held in August 10 Hurry up or you ( be) late for class
11 Hurry up or our favourite TV programme ( be) over long before we ( reach) home 12 I ( not have ) much time for entertainment these days
13 Look! A man ( run) after the bus He wants to catch it 14 We don’t want to ( pay ) low wages
15 Two robbers ( put) in prison escaped yesterday
16 It is years since I ( last give) presents on Christmasday 17 Nothing ( do) about this problem for months
18 There (be) no guests at all since I left
19 I am sorry about the noise last night We (have) a party
20 In a few minutes’time, When the clock (strike) six, I (wait) here for three hours 21 She (sleep) for 10 hours! You must wake her
22 She (have) a headache for several hours
23 I (watch) a cartoon movie on TV when you called last night 24 Mr Hai is having his car (wash) at the moment
25 Where's Tom? He said he (be) here at pm
26 If I (drink) so much coffee, I wouldn’t be able to sleep 27 Nothing ( do) about this problem for months
28 I'm looking forward to (take) a vacation
29 I'm hungry because I( have) breakfast or lunch 30 I'd rather you (do) the test well
31 I distinctly remember (pay) him I gave him two dollars 32 Look at those black clouds It (rain)
33 What you ( ) after you ( go ) home yesterday?
34 Before leaving home in the morning, she (tell) her mother she (work) in the factory that afternoon 35 I realised that someone ( steal ) my wallet when I ( feel ) his hand in my pocket
36 She (be) here but she (go) down with flu
37 Bill (have) breakfast when I (stop) at his house this morning
38 Yesterday I ( walk ) along the street when I ( realize ) a man with a black beard, whom I ( see ) three times already, ( follow ) me
39 What you think the children ( ) when we get home 40 Our house ( destroy ) in the storm last night
41 The police ( look ) for the painting now 42 You ( find ) the wallet which you lost yet?
(6)44 He ( not, phone) his girlfriend every day
45 I would like ( fax ) this document to my office in Hanoi
46 Before the postage stamp ( invent ), it was difficult to send a letter to another country 47 You ( meet ) Henry tomorrow
48 Laura ( paint ) a picture at 6:00 yesterday morning
49 I ( pick ) you up when you ( arrive ) at the airport at o’clock tomorrow
-Gerund 1 Gerund làm chủ ngữ:
Eg: Learning E is interesting
Cách dùng tương đương với cấu trúc: It is + adj + to – inf Eg: Learning E is interesting = It is interesting to learn E
2 Gerund đứng sau giới từ: * Adj + giới từ + gerund: - Nervous / worry + about
- Good/ bad / clever / skilled / … + at - Sorry / responsible + for
- Be keen + on - Fond +of
Eg. She is good at studying English * V + prep + gerund:
- look forward to - success to - think of / about - dream of / about - insit on
- surprised at - Interested in - Busy with
Eg.I always think about being rich * V + O + prep + gerund:
- Prevent s.o from - Thank s.o for
- Spend money/time on - Accuse s.o of (buộc tội) Eg.Thank you for helping me * N + prep + gerund:
- Have difficulty in: khó khăn
- There is no point in: k đáng/ chẳng đáng 3 Gerund as a O:
admit thừa nhận , advise khuyên bảo allow cho phép, avoid tránh né, tránh xa complete hoàn thành, consider cân nhắc, xem xét continue tiếp tục, can’t help không can’t stand chịu
(7)deny phủ nhận discuss thảo luận dislike không thích
enjoy thích thú
encourage khuyến khích
finish hồn thành, kết thúc
forbid cấm đoán
give up từ bỏ
keep (on) , tiếp tục mention đề cập đến , nói mind ý,quan tâm
miss bỏ lỡ
permit cho phép
postpone trì hỗn
practise luyện tập , thực hành
quit bỏ , từ bỏ , ngừng nghỉ recommend đề nghị
resent giận , oán giận resist cưỡng lại , chống lại
suggest đề nghị
tolerate khoan dung , tha thứ understand hiểu
4 V + to – inf/gerund:k thay đổi nghĩa - Start, Begin
- Consider - Continue - Intend
Eg.-It starts to rain -It starts raining
5 V + to – inf/gerund: thay đổi nghĩa - Try:
+ to – inf: cố gắng + gerund: thử - Stop:
+ to – inf: ngừng việc để làm việc khác + gerund: kết thúc (thơi làm gì)
- Forget/remember:
+ to – inf: quên/nhớ trước hành động khác + gerund: quên nhớ sau hành động khác Eg: I remember seeing that film
You remember to post the letter for me - Regret
+ to – inf: lấy làm tiếc làm điều + gerund: ân hận điều (khơng) làm
Eg: I regret to say that your not accepted for the job I regret buying the secondhand car
(8)
Give the correct form of verbs in brackets.
1 Many young people are fond of (play) football and other kinds of sports They couldn’t help (laugh) when they heard the little boy singing a love song Your house needs(redecorate)
4 I remember (allow)them to play in my garden
5 Did you accuse Nam of (break) a plate? Well, I saw him (knock) it off the table with his elbow We found it very difficult (work) with Gamma
7 I can’t read when I am traveling It makes me(feel) sick
8 I need (know) what’s in the letter Why don’t you let me (read) it? I suggest (suggest) some more mathematical puzzles
10 We regret (inform) you that we cannot approve your suggestion 11 The driver stopped (have) a coffee because he felt sleepy 12 You had better (stay) at home until you feel better
13 I remember (hear) my mother said the grass in the garden needed (cut) 14 Peter sometimes help his sister (do) homework
15 I would rather (stay) at home than (go) out with you 16 I would rather you (drive)
17 My father wanted me (become) a pilot
18 Please wait a minute My boss is busy (write) something
19 My teacher doesn’t allow us (talk) while he is explaining the lesson 20 We have plenty of time We needn’t (hurry)
21 I promised (be) on time I mustn’t (be) late 22 Mary and I are looking forward to (see) you
23 I’m sure that he knows how (use) this new machine
24 I don’t like (watch) T.V I’d like (come) to her house this everning 25 She is trying (not fall) in love again
26 Students stop (make) noises when the teacher came in
27 Did you remember (phone) Ann? – Oh no I completely forgot it 28 They tried (put) out the fire then but it took them nearly a house 29 Those shirts need (iron) but you don’t need (iron) them now
30 I really regret (hurt) your feeling when I ask you such a silly question 31 He’ll try (not make) the same mistake again
32 Someone must have taken my bag I clearly remember (leave) it by the window and now it has gone 33 They stopped (take) 5’ break
34 Don’t forget (give) her the message when you see her 35 You should try (wear) any shirts you want to buy 36 Every hour he stops work (smoke) a cigarettes 37 I regret (tell) you that you have failed the exam
38 I can’t go on (work) here any more I want a different job
39 When I came into the room, Liz was reading a newspaper She looked up and said hello to me , and then went on (read) her newspaper
40 Jim went on (have) another two sandwiches after he had had a pizza I don’t think he’ll have a stomach ache soon
(9)1 Passive inf:
a Form: to be + past participle b Use:
* Dùng sau số động từ để bị động chủ từ: Eg: We hope to be considered again
* Để đưa lí do:
Eg: He works hard not to be blamed * Sau tính từ:
Eg: She is glad to be invited to the party * Dùng sau danh từ:
Eg: It’s time to be separated Passive gerund:
a Form:Being + P.P b Use:
Gerund thể bị động có cách dùng giống cách dùng gerund thể chủ động, mang nghĩa bị động
* Làm chủ ngữ:
Eg: Being treated unfairly made her decide to quit the job * Làm tân ngữ sau số động từ như: like, hate, mind … Eg: I don’t like being laughed at
* Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ: Eg: She is afraid of being beaten Compare:
ACTIVE GERUND
1 Instead of selecting a applicants, he went out for a coffee
2 The teacher is keen on including the new students in the school activities Kate enjoys phoning Jane
PASSIVE GERUND
1 Instead of being selected a applicants, he went out for a coffee
2 The teacher is keen on being included the new students in the school activities Kate enjoys being phoned Jane
1.Presentation: A Passive gerund: Example:
- I don’t enjoy being laughed at by other people - Instead of being accused, he was set free a Form: BEING + PP
b Usage: Pasive gerund can come in the same pattern as the active forms, for example after some verbs (risk, stop, ect) or some prepositions (of, at, in, etc.)
B Passive to-infinitive: Example:
- She ought to be told about it
- I didn’t expect to be invited to his party a Form: TO BE + PP
b Usage: Pasive to-infinitive can come in the same pattern as the active forms, for example after some verbs (expect, hope, want, ect) or some adjectives (happy, delighted, glad, easy, etc.)
(10)2 Martha doesn’t like to have her picture taken She avoids (photograph) ……… I appreciate (invite) ………… to your home
4 Let’s not risk (catch) ……… in a traffic jam
5 The government tried to stop the book (publish) ………… (search) ……… by customs officers is unpleasant There’s a lot of work (do)………
8 The new students hope (include) … in many of the school’s social activities When the police first questioned him, he denied (involve) ………… in the robbery 10 I remember (take) ……… to the zoo when I was a child
11 We managed to climbed over the wall without (see) …… 12 Isabel expected (admit) ……… to the university, but she wasn’t 13 The tin opener seems (design) … for left-handed people
14 Many reliable methods of storing information tended (forget) ………… When the computers arrived 15 She resented (ask) ………to make tea for everyone at the meeting
16 Let’s leave early We can’t risk (hold up) …………in heavy traffic during rush hour Answer key:
1 to be fooled being taken being invited being caught being published Being searched to be done / to to be included being involved 10 being taken 11 being seen 12 to be admitted 13 to be designed 14 to be forgotten 15 being asked 16 being held up
-GERUND & PRESENT PARTICIPLE 1.Presentation:
A Gerund:
a Form: gerund = V-ing
b Usage: The gerund often acts like a verb and a noun at the same time It can be used: - as the subject of a sentence
Eg: Playing tennis is not expensive in England - as complement of a verb
Eg: What I have to now is writing a letter to her - as an object of a preposition
Eg: She’s afraid of living alone
(11)Eg: I enjoy listening to jazz B Present participle:
a Form: Present participle = V-ing
b.Usage: The present participle indicates action, more like a verb or an adjective It can be used: - as a verb in the continuous tense form
Eg: She’s cooking dinner - as an adjective
Eg: It’s an interesting story - to replace a relative clause
Eg: The man (who is) standing next to the door is my father - to replace subject + verb in the main or subordinate clauses Eg: Entering the room, I saw him
- after some verbs like catch, find, leave, etc + someone Eg: I caught him climbing the fence
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain
- after some verbs such as waste, spend, go, be busy, ect Eg: You waste too much time copying the Lessonagain It’s very hot today Let’s go swimming
- after some verbs of perception such as see, hear, watch, smell, feel, observe, notice, etc
Eg: I heard him coming into the hall 2.Practice:
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct verb form (gerund, present participle, infinitive): We will go (camp) ………… in BaDen mountain this summer vacation
2 That’s such an (amuse) ……… story that I can’t put it down
3 (take) ……… the umbrella with him, he went out in the heavy rain
4 I have to work hard these days I am always busy (do) ……… my home work Would you like to go (fish) ……… with me on Saturday afternoon?
6 It was one of my most (embarrass) ……… experiences in my life That he passed the exam is very (surprise) ………
8 The woman (wear) ……… a red dress is my neighbor We spend most of my time (read) ……… science book
10 The film is very (bore) ………… So I kept on sleeping in the rex
11 I didn’t like (work) ………… so I suggested (spend) ………… the day in the garden 12 I’d rather (go) ………… for a swim then (play) ………… tennis
13 We’d better (study) ………… hard
14 Why you keep (look) ………… back? Are you afraid of (be) ………… followed? 15 ( write) ………… gives him a lot of pleasure
16 Does your sister mind (cook) ………… everyday?
17 Have you ever considered (go) …………to live in another country? 18 He tried to avoid (answer) ………… my questions
19 When I’m tired, I enjoy (watch) ………… TV It’s relaxing 20 The movie was very sad It made me (cry) …………
21 I’ll the shopping when I’ve finished (clean) ………… the apartment 22 Paula has given up (try) ………… to lose weight
(12)24 Would you like (come) ………… to dinner on Friday? 25 He left the hotel without (pay) ………… his bill 26 Are you looking forward to (see) ………… Ann again?
27 After (find) ………… a hotel, we looked for someplace to have dinner 28 It took us three hours (get) ………… here
29 I’d rather (go) ………… (shop) ………… than anything else 30 My close friend is fond of (sew) …………
31 I was very tired I tried (keep) ………… my eyes open, but I couldn’t 32 She told me (lock) ………… the door
33 My father allowed me (use) ………… the camera
34 It was a nice day, so we decided (go) ………… for a picnic
35 They jog every morning (lose) ………… weight and (have) ………… a good health 36 She is busy (feed) ………… the baby all the time
37 Would you mind my (smoke) ………… here?
38 He doesn’t let anyone (talk) ………… in the working time 39 Most people prefer (spend) ………… money to (earn) ………… it 40.Susan wants (go) ………… to Hanoi next week
-PERFECT GERUND AND -PERFECT PARTICIPLE:
- Cách dùng tương tự Present Participle & gerund mặt ý nghĩa, diễn tả nhấn mạnh hoàn thành hành động
Eg1: Finishing my homework, I went to bed: Sau làm xong tập ngủ Having finished my homework, : Sau làm xong tập
* Câu thứ hai nhấn mạnh việc ngủ xảy sau làm xong tập Eg2: I approve of helping the poor: Tôi đồng ý với việc giúp đỡ người nghèo
I approve of having helped the poor: Tôi đồng ý với việc bạn giúp đỡ người nghèo * Câu thứ hai diễn tả ý giúp đỡ người nghèo xảy
- Perfect gerund: HAVING+ PP
Eg: I had had dinner and then I went out for a walk last night -> Having had dinner, I
* Use: Rút gọn & diễn tả hành động xảy trước hành động khác/ - Perfect participle:
Eg: They denied having been there
PREP/ VERB + HAVING+ PP * Use: diễn tả hành động xảy trước ko xảy trước.
* Exercise: Fill in the blank in each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the verb in parentheses (gerund, participle, perfect gerund or perfect participle)
1 Mai apologized for (use) my bicycle yesterday morning without (ask) for my permission (Watch) this film several times before, I started (fall)asleep in the middle of it
3 In all the conditions of a drunkard, Mr Le began (drive) straight back home, (forget) (not, pay) any money to the barman
4 (Organize) the 16th APEC summit conferences successfully, Viet Nam gained the reputation of (be) the safest and friendliest venue for such significant international events
5 After (defeat) all his opponents, Hai won the gold medal in that interschool chess tournament Key:
(13)3 driving, forgetting, not having paid having organized, being
5 having defeated
-REPORTED SPEECH WITH INFINITIVE Vài điểm cần nhớ câu tường thuật:
Khi đổi sang câu tường thuật, cần đổi ba yếu tố ngơi, động từ trạng từ thời gian nơi chốn
1.1 Ngôi: (nhất – chủ, nhị – túc, tam – nguyên)
- Đổi ngơi thứ NHẤT phù hợp với CHỦ TỪ mệnh đề - Đổi thứ HAI phù hợp với TÚC TỪ mệnh đề - Ngơi thứ BA khơng đổi
1.2 Thì động từ: V1 -> V2/ed
V2/ed -> had + V3/ed
can -> could, will -> would, shall -> should, may -> might, must -> had to 1.3 Trạng từ thời gian nơi chốn:
today -> that day tonight -> that night now -> then
ago -> before
yesterday -> the day before the previous day
last week -> the week before the previous week
next week -> the week after the following week
tomorrow -> the day after the following day
this -> that these -> those here ->there
Ex1: He said to me, “I and you will go with her father tomorrow.”
-> He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following day Ex2: She said to me, “I met your brother yesterday.”
-> She told me (that) she had met my brother the day before
* LƯU Ý: Động từ tường thuật thay đổi tùy nghĩa câu Một số động từ tường thuật phổ biến là: tell (bảo), ask (yêu cầu, hỏi), encourage (động viên), want (muốn), advise (khuyên), agree (đồng ý), invite (mời), remind (nhắc nhở), promise (hứa), warn (cảnh báo), …
* Form:
We use to-infinitive in reported speech (commands, requests, invitations, advise) as follows
a S + V + to-infinitive
Verbs: agree, offer, promise, refuse, threaten, ect
(14)> Indirect: Gary refused to walk all that way b S + V + O + to-infinitive
Verbs: advise,ask, beg, command, encourage, forbid, invite,order, recommend, remind, request, tell, urge, warn, ect
Eg: - Direct: “Would you like to stay at our house”, Mark said to us > Indirect: Mark invited us to stay at his house
Some more examples:
1 “Get out of the room”, she said > She told me to get out of the room “Could you carry some bags, Mike?” >She asked Mike to carry some bags “Would you like to have dinner with us?” > They invited me to have diner with them
4 “ Please send me to a warm climate”, he asked/begged > He asked/ begged us to send him to a warm climate
5 “Don’t swim out too far, boys”, I said > I warned the boys not to swim out too far “You had better hurr, Bill!”, she said > She advised Bill to hurry.
* Exercises:
1 The teacher said to us, “Write your lessons carefully” > ……… ……… (tell)
2 Mary said to Paul, “Please don’t put your hat on my bag” > ……… …… ………(tell)
3 “Please don’t drink any more”, said his wife > ……… ……… (beg)
4 “Can you the washing up?”, I offered > ……….……… (offer)
5 “I won’t forget the shopping”, she promised > ……….……… (promise)
6 “Would you like to come to my party?”, he invited her > ……… (invite)
7 “I phone the police” she threatened > ……….………( threaten)
8 “You should stop smoking”, the doctor advised him > ……… ……… …… (advise)
9 “Wait outside”, I told her
> ……… (tell)
10 “Could you please ring back in half an hour?”, said the secretary > ……… (ask)
11 “Would you mind movingbyour case?”, said the other passenger > ……….……… (ask)
12 “Remember to book the table”, said Ann > ……….……… (remind)
13 “Get into the right lane”, said the driving instructor > ……… (tell / warn)
(15)> ……….……… (warn)
15 “Why don’t you take some medicine”, he advised me > ……… ……… ( advise)
16 “Why don’t you open the bank account?”, said Jack > ……… ……….………… (advise)
17 “Would you like to have lunch with me today?”, said Tom > ……… ……… ……… (invite)
18 “Don’t forget that we have to drive home”, said his wife > ………….……….……… (remind)
19 “Do go to the dentist, Tom, before your toothache gets any worse”, I said > ……….……… (urge)
20 “Shall I go and get a candle?”, said Ann when the light went out suddenly > ………….……… (offer)
21 “I’ll buy you a bunch of bananas”, said Mary > ……….…….………… (promise)
22 “I can lend you some money”, Sue said to us > ……….……….……… (offer)
23 “Try again”, said Ann’s friends encouragingly > ……….……… ….…….……… (encourage)
24 “Go on, apply for the job”, said Jack > ……… ……… (urge / encourage) 25 “Will you be quiet!”, he said
> ……… ……….……… (order / tell)
26 Tom asked me, “Could you book me a room in a hotel for tonight?” > ……… ……… (want)
27 He told the boys, “Go away” > ……….……… (tell)
28 “Would you sho me your passport, please?”, he said > ……….……… (ask)
29 “Please, please don’t take any risks”, said his wife > ……… (beg)
30 “Forget all about this young man”, said her parents; “don’t see him again or answer his letter’s” > ……… ……… (order, tell)
-REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND
1.Presentation:
* Form: We use gerund in reported speech as follows
1 S + V + gerund
- Verbs: admit, deny, recommend, regret, suggest, ect - Eg: Direct: She said to me, “I broke the vase of flowers” > Indirect: She admitted breaking the vase of flowers
2 S + V + preposition + gerund.
(16)> Indirect: She apologized (to me) for breaking the vase of flowers
3 S + V + O + preposition + gerund.
- Verbs: accuse… …of, blame… …for, congratulate….… on, prevent… from, thank…….for, warn …against, ect
- Eg: Direct: Mary told Peter, “It was your fault You didn’t tell me the truth” > Indirect: Mary blamed Peter for not telling her the truth
2 Practice:
* Exercises: Turn the following sentences into reported speech: “You took the money,” he said
> ………(accuse) “I stole his bicycle,” he said to the police
> ………(admit) He said to the police, “I didn’t steal the bike” > ……….………(deny) He said, “I’m sorry I’m late”
> ………(apologize) “I’ll drive you to the airport I insist,” John said to Linda > …… ………(insist)
6 “I’m happy to hear that you have passed the final exam Congratulations!,” Jim said to me > ………(congratulate)
7 “It was nice of you to invite me to dinner Thank you,” Miss White said to George > ………(thank)
8 “Don’t play with the matches,” I said to Jack > ……… …(warn … against)
9 “I must have made a mistake in the calculations,” said Mr Forest > ………(admit)
10 “I’ll pay for the meal,” Sarah insisted
>……… ………(insist)
11 Neil told us, “Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.” >………(suggest)
12 “I’m sorry I couldn’t come to visit you last summer,” Kate said to her parents > ………(apologize)
13 “I hear you won the championship Congratulations!,” Said Dane > ……… ………(congratulate)
14 “We should take the jumper back to the shop,” Jack said to us > ………(recommend + O + to-inf)
> ………( recommend + gerund)
15 “It’s not true! I have never been arrested by the police,” Larry said > ………(deny)
16 “I always want to be a rich man,” said David > ………(dream)
17 The manager told the visitors, “Don’t stay at the hotel near the airport.” > ………(warn…against…)
> ………(warn …… to-inf) 18 “Let’s eat out tonight,” said Tom
> ………(suggest)
19) “It was really kind of you to help me.” Mary said to you
(17)20) “I’ll drive you to the airport.” John said to Linda
John insisted
22) “You have passed the final exams Congratulations!” Jim said to you Jim congratulated me
23) “It was nice of you to invite me to the dinner Thank you”, Miss White said to Peter Miss White thanked
24) “Don’t play with the matches!” I said to Jack
I warned
25) “I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier”, Margaret said to you
Margaret apologized
26) “I have always wanted to be a pilot”, Paul said to you
Paul has always dreamed of
27) “You didn’t what I said”, the mother said to her son
The mother accused
-CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Loại Main clauses If clause
1 Điều kiện xảy tương lai Simple present
(hiện đơn) will/shall … + V1 Điều kiện xảy Simple past (Quá khứ đơn )
(be were )
would /should /… + V1
3 Điều kiện xảy khứ Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành)
would/should… + have + V3/V-ed
Note: 1 Unless = If … not ( không, trừ phi)
Ex :Unless itrains, we will go to the movies = If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the movies
(18)regularly, they couldn’t understand the lesson
As long as / provided / providing (that) : với điều kiện là
Ex: You can borrow my book as long as you use it carefully You can play providing (that) you don’t make so much noise
Suppose, supposing: giả sử
Ex: Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do?
4. In case: phòng khi, trường hợp
Ex: Take an umbrella with you in case it rains
5. Omitting IF
– Ì anyone should call, please take a message.-> Should anyone call, … – If I were you, I wouldn’t that -> Were I you,…
– If I had known, I would have told you -> Had I known, …
Exercises:
* Sentence transformation:
1 The war will spread everywhere if we don’t stop it → Unless ………
2 All our beautiful forests will be destroyed if we nothing to preserve them → Unless………
3 If he hasn’t got a ticket, they won’t let him in →Unless ………
4 If it doesn’t rain, we will have no water to use →Unless ………
5 These flowers will die if nobody waters them →Unless …
6 Do your exercises or you will be punished →Unless …
7 The building is too high He can’t climd up →If ……
8 That house is too expensive I can’t buy it →If ……
* Put the verb into the correct tense:
1 If I (continue) with my diet, I (lose) five kilos by the end of the month If I have enough apples, I (bake) an apple pie this afternoon
3 If I had enough apples, I (bake) an apple pie this afternoon I will fix your bicycle if I (have) a screwdriver of the proper size If I (have) enough money, I would have gone with you
6 If the weather had been nice yesterday, we (go) to the zoo
7 It’s too bad Helen isn’t here If she (be) here, she (know) what to If I find a good book, I (give) it to you
9 He will get a price if he (work) hard 10.If Jack called, I (speak) to him
11.You wouldn't have any accident if you (drive) carefully 12.If you turn off the light, we (be) in dark
13.If Lan (not study) hard, she will fail the exam
14.You (be) able to go on a vacation if you have enough money 15.If he fails the test, he ……… (be furnished) by his parents * Sentence transformation
1 I don’t buy it because I don’t have enough money
If I
2 There was a test yesterday I didn’t know that, so I didn’t study for it
If I
3 He’s very thin, that’s why he feels the cold so much
If he
(19) If I
5 You must work harder or you won’t pass the exam
You won’t
6 I didn’t have an umbrella with me and so I got wet
I wouldn’t
7 You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep
If you _
8 Dick is in prison because a detective recognized him
If a detective
9 He doesn’t have the money and he cannot afford a new car
If
10 Susan felt sick because she ate cream cakes
If
11 We didn’t know your phone number, so we could not contact you
If
12 I cannot go to the beach with you this weekend because I have a date with my old classmates
If
13 I never got very lonely because I have lots of good friends
If
14 The match can be cancelled because it rains heavily
If
15 She must apologize to me or I’ll never speak to her again
I’ll _
16 You must work harder or you won’t pass the exam
You won’t _
17 Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move the table
If
18 In the snowy weather we don’t go to school
If
19 Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you one of my biscuits
If
20 Working so much will make you tired
If
21 Without your help, I wouldn’t have found the way out
If
22 Mary will go with us unless she has to her homework
If
23 Without the sun, man would live in darkness
If
24 If I were stronger, I could bring the TV
Were _
25 If the referee had seen the foul, he would have awarded a penalty kick to our team
Had
26 He is not a famous musician by now because he died so young
Had
27 I would buy that villa if I were rich
Were _
28 I could have given them some advice if they had asked me
Had
29 If the plane hadn’t been diverted, they would have arrived early
Had
30 If anyone should call, please take the message
(20)31 I would have more energy if I were young
Were _
32 Rooney didn’t catch the ball and didn’t win the game
Had Rooney _
33 If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game
Had
34 If Pauline hadn’t been interested, the project would have been abandoned
Had
35 You stayed up too late last night, so you feel tired now
If
36 I am in great trouble now because you didn’t warn me
If
37 She doesn’t love him, so she left him
If
38 He is not a famous musician by now because he died so young
If _
39 She got married at such an early age, so she isn’t at university now
If
40 If I didn’t win the lottery, I am not rich now
If
41 She wasn’t born in the US and she need a visa now to work here
If
42 She didn’t sign up for the ski trip last week and she won’t join us tomorrow
If
43 Darren wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas, he won’t go to Mexico with us next month
If
44 I am not currently rich and that is why I didn’t buy the Ferrari yesterday
If
45 Cindy is not creative and the company won’t send her to New York to work on the new campaign
If
-Conditional in reported speech
Khi viết câu điều kiện dạng câu tường thuật thì: Type lùi
Type Type không đổi
Ex1: “If I go out with Tom, he won’t go alone” Mary said
> Mary said (that) if she went out with Tom, she wouldn’t go alone Ex2: “What would you if you went abroad?” Nam asked Trung > Nam asked Trung what he would if he went abroad?
-RELATIVE PRONOUNS/ ADVERBS I Đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, whose, which, that
Who: được dùng để thay cho danh từ người làm chủ ngữ cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ (…… N + who + V)
The manwhois standing over there is my father N who V
Whom: dùng thay cho danh từ người làm tân ngữ cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ (……N + whom + S + V)
The man whom you met yesterday is my brother
N whom S V
Whose: đại từ quan hệ sở hữu, thay cho danh từ người danh từ vật (thay cho: his, her, its, their, Tom’s…)
(21)N whose N V1 V2
+ Riêng danh từ vật thay the + N + of which
Example: The house the window of which are broken is mine
Which: được dùng làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ thay cho danh từ đồ vật, vật việc Example: This is the bookwhich I like best
That: được dùng thay cho danh từ người vật, chủ ngữ gồm người vật, sau đại từ không xác định, sau dạng so sánh nhất…
Example: - That is the bicycle that/ which belongs to Tom
- The architect who/ that designed this building is very famous NOTES
a “That” thường dùng trường hợp sau: Khi từ trước người vật
Ex: The girls and flowers that he painted were vivid
Sau so sánh danh từ trước làm tân ngữ sau từ : the first, the last, the only, the very, any,
all, nothing, anything, everything, few, nobody, …
Ex: You are the personthat I have been looking for She is the ugliest girl that I’ve ever seen I have never seen anyonethat is as lovely as she
b “That” không dùng trường hợp sau: Đại từ quan hệ có giới từ đứng trước
Ex: The house in which / in that I live is my father’s
That is the man from whom / from that I borrowed the car Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn
Ex: Viet Nam, which / that is in the south-east Asia, exports rice
I- Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns/ adverbs Put commas when they are needed: Alexander Flemming _ discovered penicillin received the Nobel Prize in 1945 The book I need can’t be found in the library
3 Here is the beach is the safest for swimmers
4 Do you know the American woman name is Margaret Mitchell? Jim I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends John found a cat leg was broken
7 Don’t sit on the chair is broken
8 This tree branches are dry should be cut down The child smiled at the woman he didn’t know 10 That woman name I don’t remember is a doctor
11 Children enjoy reading the books have colored pictures 12 I met someone said he knew you
13 The noise he made woke everybody up 14 The film is about a spy wife betrays him
15 Those girl serve in the restaurant are the owner’s daughters 16 The house walls and roof are made of glass is a green house 17 Rod Lee sister I know is a film actor
18 Mr Bake will buy the house is opposite to my house
19 You have to take care of the books you borrowed from the library
20 Karl Marx theories have changed the world’s history is the German Philosopher 21 Let me see all the letters _ you have written
22 Is there anyone can help me this?
23 Mr Brown is only 34 is the director of this company
24 The chief of police, work is very important, takes care of the public safety 25 I know a place roses grow in abundance
(22)29 We must find a time we can meet and a place we can talk 30 The decision was postponed, was exactly what he wanted
II Combine these pairs of sentences, using WHERE, WHICH, WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, THAT The girl is sitting by Jack She is Mary
2 Can you understand the question? He asked you the question last time Is that the girl? We saw her on T.V last night
4 The farm produces milk We visited it last Sunday At last he married the girl He loved her
6 The man is an engineer We play with his daughter everyday He didn’t receive the letter I sent him the letter last January He often tells me something about his village He was born there My sister wants to speak to you You met her at my birthday party
10 The children like the funny stories Their grandmother tells them those stories every evening 11 Jack London is a famous American writer He wrote “Iron heel”
12 The boy is sitting next to Mary He is Jack
13 I didn’t receive the letter My mother sent me the letter last month 14 The factory makes exported furniture We visited it yesterday
12 The baby likes those songs His grandmother sings those songs every evening 15 You sent me a present Thank you very much for it
16 Romeo and Juliet were lovers Their parents hated each other 17 This is Mrs Jones Her son won the championship last year 18 This is the house We often stay in this house in the summer 19 That was the time He managed the enterprise at that time 20 I was sitting in a chair It suddenly collapsed
21 This is the story of a man His wife suddenly loses her memory
22 Charlie Chaplin died in 1977 His films amused millions of people in the world 23 Please post these letters I wrote them this morning
24 The building is the church Its tower can be seen from afar
25 I’ll show you the second-hand bookshop You can find valuable books in this shop 26 The police want to know the hotel Mr Bush stayed at this hotel two weeks ago 27 The reasons are basic grammatical ones I’m scolded by the teacher fro these reasons 28 I have not decided the day I’ll go to London on that day
29 The airport is the most modern one We are going to arrive at this airport 30 She doesn’t want to speak to the cause She divorced her husband for this cause 31 He doesn’t want to sell the house He was born in this house
32 The teacher is Mr Pike We studied with him last year
33 The problem has been discussed in class We are very interested in it 34 Many diseases are no longer dangerous People died of them years ago 35 Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it
36 I like standing at the windows I can see the park from this window 37 The boy is my cousin You made fun of him
38 This is rare opportunity You should take advantage of it to get a better job 39 This matter is of great importance You should pay attention
III Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences. The new camera I bought on the internet last week is broken
A whom B which C for which D at which
2 We met Mary’s father,
A who teaches us English B whom teaches us English.C whose teaches us English D that teaches us English The teacher _ is very kind to everyone
A to whom I talked yesterday B who I talked yesterday C to that I talked yesterday D that I talked yesterday
(23)A that B whom C whose D their
6 She doesn't understand I am saying A what B that C whose D where 7.The place we spent our holiday was really beautiful
A what B who C where D which
8 My uncle _ you met yesterday is a lawyer A what B whose C whom D which Alexander Fleming, , received the Nobel Prize in 1945
A that discovered penicillin B who discovered penicillin C which discovered penicillin D he discovered penicillin
10 The boy eyes are brown is my friend A who B whom C which D whose
-DEFINING & NON -DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
1 Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining Relative Clause): mệnh đề dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa câu, khơng có câu khơng đủ nghĩa
The man who robbed you has been arrested
mệnh đề quan hệ xác định bỏ đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ: whom, which, that trạng từ quan hệ lối văn thân mật
The book you lent me was very interesting Do you remember the day we met each other?
2 Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non – defining relative clause): là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin người, vật việc xác định Đây mệnh đề khơng thiết phải có câu, khơng có câu đủ nghĩa Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định tách khỏi mệnh đề dấu phẩy dấu gạch ngang
That man, who lives in the next flat, looks very lonely The book “Jane Eyre”, which I was reading, is really good
Note:Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ( không giới hạn ) , danh từ xác định thường : Danh từ riêng : Nam, Hong , Mr Smith, Mrs Green …
Đại từ định : this , that , these, those
Tính từ sở hữu : my, your , our , their , his, her
Ex: Mr Pike is very nice He is my neighbor Mr Pike, who is my neighbor , is very nice
This matter is of great importance You should pay attention to it
This matter , to which you should pay attention, is of great importance
Do you see my pen ? I’ve just written the lesson with it Do you see my pen, with which I’ve just written the lesson
Combine these sentences into one, using relative pronouns and relative clauses:
1 I met Mary She asked me to give you this He is the customer I lost his address
3 She is the novelist Her book won first prize
4 She was dancing with a student He had a slight limp I am looking after some children They are terribly spoilt The bed had no mattress I slept on this bed
7 I was sitting in a chair It suddenly collapsed
8 This is the story of a man His wife suddenly loses her memory I was waiting for a man He didn’t turn up
10 The car crashed into a queue of people Four of them were killed 11 I saw several houses Most of them were quite unsuitable
12 Tom was tired and wanted to stop He had been driving all day 13 Ann felt quite fresh She had slept in the back of the car
14 Paul wanted to take the mountain road His tyres were nearly new 15 We lit a fire It soon dried out our clothes
(24)17 Romeo and Juliet were lovers Their parents hated each other
18 There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box I was phoning from this box 19 This is Mrs Jones Her son won the championship last year
20 I bought a dozen of eggs Six of them broke when I dropped the box
Combine the sentences into one single sentence using relative clauses: The taxi driver was friendly He took me to the airport
2 I must thank the people I got a present from them The town is small I grew up there
4 That is the drawer I keep the jewelry there The woman pays me a fair salary I work for her
6 My flat is in an old part of the city It was built in the 1920s The traffic is very noisy It passes my flat
8 The local market sells excellent local produce It is a two-minute walk from my flat We went to Sandra’s party We enjoyed it very much
10 John is one of my closest friends I have known him for a very long time 11 The book is about a girl She runs away from home
12 A new stadium will be opened next month It can hold 90,000 people 13 Alaska is the largest state in the United States My brother lives there
14 My wife and I are really enjoying the TV set We bought it for ourselves last week 15 Yesterday, Anna rescued a bird The cat had brought it into the house
-RELATIVE CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITIONS 1.Presentation:
Examples:
1 The man was very helpful I talked to him
a The man whom / who I talked to was very helpful b The man that I talked to was very helpful
c The man I talked to was very helpful d The man to whom I talked was very helpful.
2 The chair is nearly collapsed The child is sitting in it a The chair which the child is sitting in is nearly collapsed b The chair that the child is sitting in is nearly collapsed c The chair the child is sitting in is nearly collapsed d The chair in which the child is sitting is nearly collapsed
* Notes:
- whom / who, which that sử dụng tân ngữ giới từ mệnh đề quan hệ. - whom / who, which that lượt bỏ câu ví dụ 1c 2c
- Trong cách dùng Tiếng Anh trang trọng, giới từ đặt đầu mệnh đề quan hệ (hay đại từ quan hệ) ví dụ 1d 2d Giới từ đứng trước whom which mà không đứng trước that who; đại từ whom, which lúc lượt bỏ.
Practice:
* Exercise:Combine these sentences into one, using relative pronouns and relative clauses:
(25)10 I never found the book I was looking for it
11 One of my subjects is Literture I have been interested in Literature for a long time
12 The interviewer wanted to know the name of the college I had graduated from this college 13 Organic chemistry is a subject I am not familiar with it
14 The chair is very hard I am sitting in this chair
-RELATIVE CLAUSES
REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO-INFINITIVE
1 Relative clauses replaced by participles (present and past participles)
a Present participles (Hiện phân từ): dùng động từ mệnh đề quan hệ dạng chủ động Ex: a The boy who is playing the piano is Ben The boy playing the piano is Ben
b We have a house which overlooks the park We have a house overlooking the park
c The man who spoke to John is my brother The man speaking to John is my brother
b Past participles (Quá khứ phân từ): dùng động từ mệnh đề quan hệ dạng bị động Ex: a They live in a house that was built in 1890 They live in a house built in 1890
b The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting The ideas presented in that book are interesting
2 Relative clauses replaced by to-infinitive phrases
- To-infinitive sử dụng sau: the first, the second,… the last, the only sau hình thức so sánh nhất
Ex: a Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space
b The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light. The last person to leave the room must turn off the
light
Rewrite the following sentences using present participle, past participle or to-infinitive:
1 Maxicorp were the only company which replied my letter Do you the man who is talking to my father ?
3 Applications which were sent after 23rd will not be considered.
4 We have a lot of exercises which we hace to toninght
5 Studies of her son are the most important thing that she cares about The equipment which belongs to the club is insured
7 George is the first person that we will interview
8 Meetings which are held every month are called monthly meetings
9 The most excellent students who were rewarded the scholarship would have a two-week holiday in VungTau 10.The trees which were planted last week are growing well
11 The man who is talking to John is from Korea
12 The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting 13 Ann is the woman who is responsiple for preparing the budget 14 English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters
15 The books that are on that shelf is mine
16 The children who attend that school receive a good education
17 The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries 18 The sunlight which comes through the window wakes me up early every morning
19 John quincy Adams, who was born on July 11th 1767, was the sixth president of the United States.
20 These are the ancient houses which were built a long time ago 21 The children who attend that school receive a good education 22 We have an apartment which overlooks the park
23 He was the second man who was killed in this way 24 Here are some accounts that you must check 25 He was the first man who reached the top
26 In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonade, which is made of lemon juice water, and sugar 27 Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way
28 I’d be more interested if I had a family that I had to cook for
-OMISSION OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS
(26)* Examples:
- The manager was away on holiday I wanted to see him
The manager (who / whom / that) I wanted to see was away on holiday
* Notes:
- We can leave out the pronoun when it stands for an object pronoun of defining relative clauses, and there is no preposition in front of it
- Clauses without relative pronouns are very common in informal English
2 Practice:
* Exercise 1 Combine the two sentences into one, using the relative clauses Leave out the relative pronouns if possible.
Example: Have you found the keys? You lost them
Have you found the keys (which / that) you lost
1 I like the dress Trang is wearing it
2 The fish was really delicious We had it for dinner We stayed at a hotel Peter recommended it
4 The film was interesting I watched it on TV last night The flat was very old My family used to live in it The birthday party was too noisy We went to it Who was that boy? You was with him this morning I don’t like tie John is wearing it
9 The train was full of passengers and goods We travelled on it 10 The church is 200 years old Our class visited it
* Exercise 2: Tick ( ) the sentences in which the relative pronouns can be omitted.
Example: Is this the car that the police are looking for?
_1 Everything that happened was my fault _2 Is there anything that I can do?
_3 The window that was broken has now been repaired _4 Where are the eggs that were in the fridge?
_5 The play that we saw last week was boring
_6 The young man who I sat next to on the bus talked all the time _7 Do you know the girl who Tom is talking to?
_8 Linda works for a company that makes computers
_9 The book about the young girl who runs away from home _10 He is getting on well with Mary, who he met last month _11 That’s the company for which Lan is working