Tính điền dạng của màu cơ bản trong tiếng anh và tiếng việt dưới góc độ ngôn ngữ học tri nhận

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY - NGUYỄN ĐÔNG PHƯƠNG TIÊN PROTOTYPES OF BASIC COLOUR TERMS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE FROM A COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS PERSPECTIVE (TÍNH ĐIỂN DẠNG CỦA THUẬT NGỮ CHỈ MÀU CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT DƯỚI GĨC ĐỘ NGƠN NGỮ HỌC TRI NHẬN) MAJOR: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS CODE: 9220201 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English Linguistics Hanoi, 2021 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY - NGUYỄN ĐÔNG PHƯƠNG TIÊN PROTOTYPES OF BASIC COLOUR TERMS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE FROM A COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS PERSPECTIVE (TÍNH ĐIỂN DẠNG CỦA THUẬT NGỮ CHỈ MÀU CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT DƯỚI GÓC ĐỘ NGÔN NGỮ HỌC TRI NHẬN) MAJOR: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS CODE: 9220201 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English Linguistics Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr HOÀNG TUYẾT MINH Hanoi, 2021 STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP The thesis entitled “Prototypes of basic colour terms in English and Vietnamese from a cognitive linguistics perspective” has been submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy I, the undersigned, hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis, I have fully acknowledged and referenced the ideas and work of others, whether published or unpublished, in my thesis The thesis does not contain work extracted from a thesis, dissertation or research paper previously presented for another degree or diploma at this or any other university Signature NGUYỄN ĐÔNG PHƯƠNG TIÊN i ABSTRACT This dissertation, with the aim of identifying the prototypes of black/đen, white/trắng, red/đỏ, yellow/vàng, green/blue/xanh, grey/xám colour terms, attempts to clarify the similarities and the differences among the prototypes of basic colour terms in English and Vietnamese data with further explanations from cognitive and cultural perspectives Data is collected with as + basic colour terms + as + object referent X structure in English and Vietnamese data from literary works Mixed research methods are adopted in the following means: percentage identification of individual object referent is based on quantitative method whereas further explanations concerning distinctive features depend on qualitative method as well as the similarities and the differences among these prototypes count on contrastive method The findings show: night as prototype of black colour term, snow as prototype of white colour term, blood/ rose as prototypes of red colour term, corn as prototype of yellow colour term, emerald as prototype of green colour term, sapphire as prototype of blue colour term, badger as prototype of grey colour term, mực as prototype of đen colour term, ngà as prototype of trắng colour term, son as prototype of đỏ colour term, nghệ as prototype of vàng colour term, tàu as prototype of xanh colour term, tro/gio as prototype of xám colour term Theoretically, this dissertation provides comprehensible explanations of cultural and cognitive characteristics of English and Vietnamese nations Practically, the study results are helpful for English and Vietnamese learners in translating or interpreting these prototypes correctly from cultural and cognitive viewpoints Profound knowledge of English and Vietnamese linguistic systems is beneficial for language learners for a more detailed description of the similarities and the differences Last but not least, native readers or speakers understand the similarities and distinguish the differences for the appropriate daily usage ii LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1.3: Theoretical framework of dissertation 54 Figure 2.2: Data analysis procedure of dissertation 79 Table 4.1: Prototypes of basic colour terms in English and Vietnamese data 128 Table 4.2: Objects as culture-specific referents of basic colour terms in English data and Vietnamese data 129 Table 4.3: Research outcome comparison about the most representative object referents or prototypes of basic colour terms in English and Vietnamese data 130 APPENDICES 170 APPENDIX 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 170 Appendix 1.1: Main development representatives in terms of prototype & categories 170 Appendix 1.2: Researches in English regarding lexicon research direction 172 Appendix 1.3: Researches in English related to semantics research direction 176 Appendix 1.4: Researches in English from culture research direction 177 Appendix 1.5: Researches in English on the subject of cognition research direction 178 Appendix 1.6: Researches in Vietnamese in regard to lexicon research direction 181 Appendix 1.7: Researches in Vietnamese in terms of semantics research direction 182 Appendix 1.8: Researches in Vietnamese connected to culture research direction 184 APPENDIX 2: OBJECT REFERENTS OF BASIC COLOUR TERMS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE DATA 188 Table 2.1: Objects referents of black colour term in English data 188 Table 2.3: Objects referents of red colour term in English data 221 Table 2.4: Objects referents of yellow colour term in English data 229 Table 2.5: Objects referents of green colour term in English 233 Table 2.6: Objects referents of blue colour term in English data 236 Table 2.7: Objects referents of grey colour term in English data 239 Table 2.8: Objects referents of đen colour term in Vietnamese data 241 Table 2.9: Objects referents of trắng colour term in Vietnamese data 256 Table 2.10: Objects referents of đỏ colour term in Vietnamese data 269 iii Table 2.11: Objects referents of vàng colour term in Vietnamese data 282 Table 2.12: Objects referents of xanh colour term in Vietnamese data 286 Table 2.13: Objects referents of xám colour term in Vietnamese data 292 APPENDIX 3: TABLES OF OBJECT REFERENTS AND 06-CLASS CLASSIFICATION AND CATEGORY SUB-CLASSIFICATION OF BASIC COLOUR TERMS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE DATA 294 Table 2.1: 27 English authors, 169 literary works and 430 tokens regarding black/white/red/yellow/green/blue/grey colour terms 294 Table 2.2: 52 Vietnamese authors, 219 literary works and 443 tokens regarding đen/trắng/đỏ/vàng/xanh/xám colour terms 309 Table 3.1: Object referents of black colour term in English data 328 Table 3.2: 06-Class classification and category sub-classification of black colour term in English data 330 Table 3.3: Object referents of white colour term in English data 334 Table 3.4: 06-Class classification and category sub-classification of white colour term in English data 336 Table 3.5: Object referents of red colour term in English data 339 Table 3.6: 06-Class classification and category sub-classification of red colour term in English data 340 Table 3.7: Object referents of yellow colour term in English data 341 Table 3.8: 06-Class classification and category sub-classification of yellow colour term in English data 342 Table 3.9: Object referents of green colour term in English data 344 Table 3.10: 06-Class classification and category sub-classification of green colour term in English data 345 Table 3.11: Object referents of blue colour term in English 346 Table 3.12: 06-Class classification and category sub-classification of blue colour term in English data 347 Table 3.13: Object referents of grey colour term in English data 348 iv Table 3.14: 06-Class classification and category sub-classification of grey colour term in English data 348 Table 3.15: Object referents of đen colour term in Vietnamese data 349 Table 3.16: 06-Class classification and category sub-classification of đen colour term in Vietnamese data 351 Table 3.17: Object referents of trắng colour term in Vietnamese data 353 Table 3.18: 06-class classification and category sub-classification of trắng colour term in Vietnamese data 355 Table 3.19: Object referents of đỏ colour term in Vietnamese data 358 Table: 3.20: 06-class classification and category sub-classification of đỏ colour term in Vietnamese data 360 Table 3.21: Object referents of vàng colour term in Vietnamese data 363 Table 3.22: 06-class classification and category sub-classification of vàng colour term in Vietnamese data 364 Table 3.27: Object referents of xanh colour term in Vietnamese data 366 Table 3.28: 06-class classification and category sub-classification of xanh colour term in Vietnamese data 367 Table 3.29: Object referents of xám colour term in Vietnamese data 369 Table 3.30: 06-class classification and category sub-classification of xám colour term in Vietnamese data 369 v TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ABSTRACT ii PART INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale Aims and Objectives 3 Research questions Scope of the study Methodology of the study Significance of the study Structure of the study PART DEVELOPMENT 10 CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 10 1.1 REVIEW ON PREVIOUS STUDIES 10 1.1.1 In English 10 1.1.2 In Việt Nam 18 1.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 28 1.2.1 Cognition 29 1.2.2 Onomasiology (Naming) 31 1.2.3 Culture 33 1.2.4 Language-cognition-culture relation 35 1.2.5 An introduction of Category 37 1.2.6 Prototype and Prototype theory 39 1.2.6.1 An overview of Prototype terminology 40 1.2.6.2 Viewpoints on Prototype theory 41 1.2.7 An overview of basic colour terms 43 1.2.7.1 Physical features and linguistic criteria of basic colour terms .44 1.2.7.1.1 Physical features of a basic colour term 44 1.2.7.1.2 Linguistic criteria of a basic colour term 45 vi 1.2.7.2 Basic colour terms in English 46 1.2.7.3 Basic colour terms in Vietnamese 46 1.2.8 Comparative idioms 49 1.3 Theoretical framework of dissertation 52 1.4 Summary 55 CHAPTER RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 56 2.1 Research approach 57 2.1.1 Mixed research approach 57 2.1.2 Comparative-contrastive approach 62 2.2 Research methods 64 2.2.1 Mixed research method 64 2.2.2 Comparative-contrastive method 69 2.3 Data collection 71 2.4 Procedures of data collection and data analysis 75 2.5 Data analysis 77 2.6 Summary 80 CHAPTER 3: CLASS CLASSIFICATION AND CATEGORY SUB-CLASSIFICATION OF BASIC COLOUR TERMS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE DATA 82 3.1 Class classification and category sub-classification of basic colour terms in English data 83 3.1.1 Class and category classification of black colour terms in English data 83 3.1.2 Class and category classification of white colour term in English data 86 3.1.3 Class and category classification of red colour term in English data 90 3.1.4 Class and category classification of yellow colour term in English 93 3.1.5 Class and category classification of green colour terms in English data 95 3.1.7 Class and category classification of grey colour term in English data 100 3.2 Class classification and category sub-classification of basic colour terms in Vietnamese data 102 vii 3.2.1 Class and category classification of đen colour term in Vietnamese data 102 3.2.2 Class and category classification of trắng colour term in Vietnamese data 105 3.2.3 Class and category classification of đỏ colour term in Vietnamese data 109 3.2.4 Class and category classification of vàng colour term in Vietnamese data 112 3.2.5 Class and category classification of xanh colour term in Vietnamese data 115 3.2.6 Class and category classification of xám colour term in Vietnamese data 118 3.3 Summary 120 CHAPTER COMPARISON OF PROTOTYPES OF BASIC COLOUR TERMS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE DATA 124 4.1 Prototypes of basic colour terms in English and Vietnamese data 124 4.2 Comparison of prototypes of basic colour terms in English and Vietnamese data 132 4.2.1 Prototype of black colour term in English compared to prototype of đen colour term in Vietnamese 133 4.2.2 Prototype of white colour term in English compared to prototype of trắng colour term in Vietnamese 135 4.2.3 Prototype of red colour term in English compared to prototype of đỏ colour term in Vietnamese 137 4.2.4 Prototype of yellow colour term in English compared to prototype of vàng colour term in Vietnamese 140 4.2.5 Prototype of green colour term and prototype of blue colour term in English compared to prototype of xanh colour term in Vietnamese 141 4.2.6 Prototype of grey colour term in English compared to prototype of xám colour term in Vietnamese 144 4.3 Summary 146 PART CONCLUSION 149 5.1 Recapitulation 149 5.2 Concluding remarks 150 5.4 Limitations and suggestions for further study 155 REFERENCES 157 viii ... VIETNAMESE FROM A COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS PERSPECTIVE (TÍNH ĐIỂN DẠNG CỦA THUẬT NGỮ CHỈ MÀU CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT DƯỚI GĨC ĐỘ NGƠN NGỮ HỌC TRI NHẬN) MAJOR: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS CODE: 9220201... Vietnamese are trắng, đen, đỏ, vàng, xanh da trời (xanh dương), xanh cây, nâu, tím, hồng, xám, cam in Vietnamese language Nevertheless, that xanh da trời (xanh dương) and xanh colour terms are inappropriate... values This part contributes to the general pictures of English and Vietnamese nations with regard to the prototypes of black/đen, white/trắng, red/đỏ, yellow/vàng, green/blue/xanh, grey/xám colour