Some auxiliaries when used in certain ways make their negative and interrogative according to the rule for ordinary verbs, i.e.. with do.[r]
(1)a/an and one
PEG Insert a/an or one if necessary1 of my friends advised me to take taxi; another said that there was quite good bus service
2 friend of mine lent me book by Meredith I've only more chapter to read Would you like loan of it afterwards?~
No, thanks I read of his books few years ago and didn't like it Besides I have library book to finish If I don't take it back tomorrow I'll have to pay fine
3 man I met on the train told me rather unusual story
4 Most people like rest after hard day's work, but Tom seemed to have inexhaustible supply of energy
5 I've told you hundred times not to come into room with hat on It's unlucky to light three cigarettes with match ~
That's only superstition Only idiot believes in superstitions He says caravan is no good; he needs cottage
8 plate is no good; we need dozen
9 Last time there was fog here plane crash-landed in field near the airport The crew had lucky escape man broke his leg; the rest were unhurt
10 You've been great help to me; day I will repay you
11 My car broke down near bus stop There was man waiting for bus so I asked him for advice 12 He took quick look at my car and said, 'Buy new '
13 There was woman there The rest were men ~
There shouldn't have been even woman It was meant to be stag party 14 Don't tell soul! Not even your wife! ~
Of course not! I'd never tell secret to woman
15 Most of the staff had been there for only very short time, but man had been there year and half, so he knew little more than the rest
16 Could you lend me dictionary, please? I'm trying to crossword puzzle ~ I'm afraid I've only got dictionary, and Tom's borrowed it
17 chop won't be enough for Tom; he'll want two; he's small man but he's got big appetite 18 want volunteers for dangerous job,' said the captain
There was long silence
'Isn't there even man who will take risk?' he asked voice called out from the back, 'Will there be reward?'
19 I have flat on the top floor You get lovely view from there
20 day a new director arrived He was ambitious, bad-tempered man, and the staff took instant dislike to him
21 Suddenly bullet struck street lamp little to Bill's left He looked up and saw man with gun standing at open window
22 Bill fired back twice bullet hit the wall, the other broke pane of glass He heard angry shout 23 day—it was dry day with good visibility—Tom was driving along country road in
borrowed car
24 You're making mistake after another Have you hangover, or something? ~ No, but I had very bad night last night The people next door were having party ~
bad night shouldn't have such effect on your work I often have three bad nights in succession I live in very noisy street
Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary verbs
PEG 106-7
Auxiliaries here are used both alone and as part of various tenses of ordinary verbs
Read the following (a) in the negative (b) in the interrogative These sentences, except for nos I and 13, could also be used for question tag exercises (see Exercise 13)
(2)Note:
1 may for possibility rarely begins a sentence Instead we use do you think (that) + present/future or is + subject + likely + infinitive:
Tom may know
Do you think (that) Tom knows? Is Tom likely to know?
2 Use needn't as the negative of must.
1 It may cost Ј100
2 Men should help with the housework Tom would pay her
4 They could play the guitar We're seeing Mary tomorrow She ought to keep it in the f ridge You can understand it
8 The police were watching the house You can go with him
10 They've got a house 11 Your boss will be angry 12 Tom should pay the fine 13 They may come tonight
14 They were cleaning their shoes 15 He must write in French 16 You have read the instructions 17 These pearls are made by oysters 18 The ice was thick enough to walk on 19 This will take a long time
20 They may (permission) take the car 21 You've made a mistake
22 Ann would like a skiing holiday 23 We must it at once
24 Tom could come 25 They were in a hurry 26 There is enough salt in it
27 You could see the sea from the house 28 Ann will be able to drive you
29 They had written to him 30 We must cook it in butter 31 It is freezing
32 She ought to accept the offer 33 There'11 be time for tea 34 I'm right
35 He may be at home 36 He used to live here
Auxiliaries conjugated with
do/does/did
Some auxiliaries when used in certain ways make their negative and interrogative according to the rule for ordinary verbs, i.e with do.
Sometimes either form is possible Make the sentences (a) negative and (b) interrogative, using do/does/did They have eggs for breakfast
2 He needs a new coat He used to sell fruit They have to work hard She does the housework
(3)6 He needs more money He had a row with his boss She had a heart attack Her hair needed cutting
10 He does his homework after supper 11 She has a singing lesson every week 12 She had to make a speech
13 He does his best
14 He has to get up at six every day 15 The children have dinner at school 16 She dared him to climb it
17 You did it on purpose
18 He has his piano tuned regularly, (see 119)
19 He dares to say that! 20 They had a good time 21 The drink did him good 22 My watch needs cleaning 23 He had an accident
24 You had your house painted 25 She used to make her own clothes 26 You the exercises
27 He had difficulty (in) getting a job
28 He dared to interrupt the president, did he? (Omit final did he?)
Auxiliary verbs
Put the following verbs into the past tense (Auxiliaries are used both by themselves and as part of certain forms and tenses of ordinary verbs.)
Use had to as the past tense of must and didn't need as a past tense of needn't.
1 He isn't working hard She doesn't like cats I can't say anything We must read it carefully He won't help us
6 He can lift it easily It isn't far from London Isn't it too heavy to carry? He needn't pay at once
10 He hopes that Tom will be there (He hoped ) 11 How much does this cost?
12 He says that Ann may be there (He said :) 13 How old is he?
14 Do you see any difference? 15 I what I can
16 How far can you swim? 17 I must change my shoes 18 Tom dares not complain 19 I don't dare (to) touch it 20 Have you time to it? 21 Are you frightened?
22 Must you pay for it yourself? 23 The letter needn't be typed
24 We hope that he'll come (We hoped .)
25 He says that she may not be in time (He said that she ) 26 Do you understand what he is saying? I don't
27 There are accidents every day at these crossroads 28 She thinks that it may cost Ј100 (She thought that it ) 29 Doesn't Mr Pitt know your address?
(4)30 They aren't expecting me, are they?
31 He thinks that the snakes may be dangerous, (see 28)
32 She wants to know if she can borrow the car (She wanted to know if ) 33 Can't you manage on Ј100 a week?
34 Tom is certain that he will win 35 Can you read the notice? No, I can't 36 I don't think that the bull will attack us
Auxiliary verbs
PEG 108Answer the following questions (a) in the affirmative (b) in the negative, in each case repeating the auxiliary and using a pronoun as subject
Do you need this? ~ Yes, I do/No, I don't.
Can Tom swim? - Yes, he can/No, he can't.
Note also:
Is that Bill? ~ Yes, it is/No, it isn't.
Will there be time? ~ Yes, there will/No, there won't.
Use needn't in and 15 Use must in 26 and 35 Is the water deep?
2 Do you know the way? Can you swim?
4 Does he come every day? Is that Tom over there? Are you Tom's brother? Must you go?
8 Are you enjoying yourselves? Did he see you?
10 Would Ј10 be enough? 11 May I borrow your car? 12 Is this the front of the queue? 13 Will she be there?
14 Do you play cards? 15 Should I tell the police? 16 Can you cook?
17 Are you ready?
18 Could women join the club? 19 Is your name Pitt?
20 Were they frightened? 21 Will his mother be there? 22 Ought I to get a new one? 23 Should I tell him the truth? 24 Was the driver killed? 25 Have you any money? 26 Need we finish the exercise? 27 Used he to ride in races? 28 Would you like to see him? 29 Is this yours?
30 Do you want it? 31 Can I take it?
32 Will you bring it back tomorrow? 33 Are you free this evening?
34 Am I in your way? 35 Need I wear a tie?
36 Was that Bill on the phone?