Bài giảng E8REVISION HKII

Revision of the second team examination the 8 th form A Summary the Grammar nores I Tenses . 1. Simle past .(thì quá khứ đơn ) to be _ was : S : I , She , He ,It , N ( my father ) Were S : you , we , they , Ns ( my brothers ) * Form : A : S + was / were + C N : S + was not / were not + C I : Was / Were + S + C ? ordinary verb : Ved - Ex : looked ,liked , invented V2 - Ex : see saw , buy bought , wrhite wrote A : S + Ved / V2 + O N : S + didnt + V1 + O I : Did + S + V1 + O ? * Cách sử dụng:diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và bây giờ đã kết thúc. Trong câu thờng có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian sau : yesterday, last night , last + thứ ( last Sunday ) , last year, last month, last week , ago, when I was young . 2. Past progressive tense .(Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn ) Form : Was / Were + Ving *Cách sử dụng - Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại một điểm thời gian xác định trong quá khứ , trong câu thờng có cụm từ : at + số + oclock + thời gian trong quá khứ ( at 4 oclock yesterday ) S + Was / Were + Ving + at + số + oclock + thời gian trong quá khứ . Ex : I was watching TV at at 4 oclock yesterday . - Diễn ta một hành động đang xảy ra thì bị làm gián đoạn bởi một hành động khác. Hành động đang xảy ra dùng ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn và hành động làm gián đoạn dùng ở thì quá khứ đơn . Thờng dùng với hai liên từ : While , when . Form : When + S + Ved / V2 + O , S + was / were + Ving While + S + was / were + Ving , S + Ved / V2 + O 3.Present progressive tense ( thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với always Form : am/ is/ are + Ving Cách sử dụng : diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra vào lúc nói , thờng có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian nh : now, at the moment, at the present - Present progressive tense with always ( thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với always ) Form : am/ is / are + always + Ving Cách sử dụng : tỏ sự than phiền hay phàn nàn về một vấn đề nào đó . Ex : Nam is always watching TV. 4. Present perfect tense :(Thì hiện tại hoàn thành ) Form : have / has + Pp. Chú ý : Have : S = you , they , we , I , Ns ( my sisters ) Has : S = She , He , It, N ( my father ) Pp __ Ved V3 Cách sử dụng : 1 a. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại có thể đến tơng lai với For và since . Form : S + have / has + Pp + for + khoảng thời gian ( for 5 weeks ) S + have / has + Pp + since + mốc thời gian ( since 1990 ) Ex : I have learned English for 3 years He has learned English since 2004. b. Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra rồi nhng không rõ thời gian với trạng từ already Form : S + have / has + already + Pp Ex : I have already done my homework . c. Diễn tả hành động cha xảy ra hoặc cha hoàn tất với not yet Form : S + have / has + not + Pp . yet ( have not = havent , has not = hasnt ) Ex : I have not done my homework yet . d. Dùng trong câu nghi vấn với yet đứng ở cuối câu Form : Have / Has + S + Pp + yet ? e. Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra với just Form : S + have / has + just + Pp + O Ex : I have just finished my homework II.passive voice ( dạng bị động ) + Cách sử dụng :câu bị động đợc sử dụng khi chủ từ chịu tác động bởi hành động của động từ ( it is used when the Subject is affected by the action of the verb.) + Cách chuyển đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động (How to change an active Sent to a passive Sent ) Active : S + V + O Passive : S + be + Pp + O Eg: I write a letter a letter is written by me Chú ý : S O I me You you We us She her He him They them It it Pp ___ Ved V3 - by people , by them , by someone đợc bỏ đi a. Thì hiện tại đơn ( Passive Form in the present Simple.) S + is / are / am + past participle + by + O Ex: She buys a new hat yesterday . A new hat is bought by her yesterday b. Thì quá khứ đơn .( simple Past ) S + was / were + Pp + by + O. Ex: She bought a new hat . 2 A new hat was bought by her c. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành .( present perfecr tense ) S + have / has +been + Pp + by + O Ex: She has just bought a new hat A new hat has been just bought by her d. Động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verb : will, shall, can , could , may , might , could , should , have to / has to , ought to ) A : S + Mv + V( inf ) + O P : S + Mv + be + Pp + by +O . Ex : She will buy a new hat . A new hat will be bought by her e. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn ( present progressive tense ) A : S + am / is /are + Ving + O P : S + am /is / are + being + Pp + by + O Ex : She is writing a letter A letter is being written by her f. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn ( past progressive tense ) A : S + was / were + Ving + O P : S + was / were + being + Pp + by + O Ex : She was writing a letter at 8 oclock last night A letter was being written by her at 8 oclock last night III .Reported speech.( câu gián tiếp ) A. Quy tắc chung 1. Direct speech (lời nói trực tiếp ):là lời nói của một ngời nào đó đợc thuậtn lại nguyên văn Ex : Mary said to me our teacher will give us a test 2. Indirect speech (lời nói gián tiếp ): là lời của một ngời nào đó thuật lại với từ và cách nói của ngời thuật lại nhng ý nghĩa không thay đổi . Ex : Mary said to me our teacher would give us a test . 3. Lời nói trực tiếp hay lời nói gián tiếp gồm có hai phần . + mệnh đề trờng thuật ( mệnh đề chính ) + Lời nói trực tiếp hay lời nói gián tiếp . Ex : Henry said : Im studying law next year . mệnh đề trờng thuật Lời nói trực tiếp Ex : Henry said (that ) he was studying law the next year . mệnh đề trờng thuật lời nói gián tiếp . 4. Một số thay đổi khi đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp . a. Đại từ làm chủ từ I He / She We they You they ,he , she b. Đại từ làm tân ngữ me him / her us their 3 you them. her , him c. Đại từ sở hữu my his / her our their you their , her , him * Động từ tờng thuật có túc từ : chủ từ của câu trực tiếp đợc đổi theo tân ngữ của động từ tờng thuật . Ex : He said to me You do the test very well He told to me (that ) I did the test very well Tom said to Mary : Its veru kind of you Tom told Mary ( that ) It was very kind of her * Chủ từ của câu trực tiếp là ngôi thứ ba số : She , He , It , They . thì khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta không thay đổi . Ex : He said : Shes a nice person He said that she was a nice person d.Thay đổi thì : Khi động từ tờng thuật ở thì quá khứ đơn , thông thờng động từ của câu trực tiếp đổi sang câu gián tiếp phải lui về quá khứ một thì tơng ứng . Direct speech Indirect speech Simple present Simple Past ( am / is / are ) ( was / were ) ( V/ Vs / es ) ( Ved / V2 ) Present progressive Past progressive ( am/ is / are + Ving ) ( was / were + Ving ) Will would Can could Shall should Have to had Must had May might Ought to ought to Could could Should should * Khi động từ tờng thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn hay thì tơng lai đơn , thì hiện tại hoàn thành thì câu trực tiếp đổi sang câu gián tiếp chúng ta không thay đổi thì ( giữ nguyên thì của động từ trong câu trực tiếp ). e. Một số thay đổi khác . Direct speech Indirect speech Now then Ago before Today that day Yesterday the day before, Tomorrow the next day , the following day Last night the night before week the week before month the month before here there this that 4 these those * Note : This / these + từ chỉ thời gian that / those + từ chỉ thời gian Ex : this morning that morning This / these + danh từ ( noun ) the + danh từ ( noun ) Ex : this book that book B. Các dạng câu . 1.Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu . Câu gián tiếp Will you + bare inf + O ,please ? S + asked + O + to inf + O / A Can you + bare inf + O , please ? told Please + bare inf + O . ordered Would you like + to inf + O Ex :Will you hand me a book ? She asked me to hand her a book . Ex : Clean the bike He said to Nam He asked Nam to clean the bike 2.Mệnh lệnh phủ định ( negative commands ) Dont + bare inf + O / A ,please S + asked + O + not to inf + O / A told ordered Ex : Dont talk in class teacher said to the children Teacher asked the children not to talk in class 3. Yes / No question .Khi đổi câu hỏi Yes / No question sang câu gián tiếp ta thực hiện một số bớc sau : a. Dùng động từ ask ở mệnh đề chính ( hay mệnh đề tờng thuật ) b. Thêm If hay Whether sau mệnh đề tờng thuật, đa câu hỏi về dạng câu khẳng định ( đối với động từ thờng ta bỏ trợ động từ Do / Does ) c. Thực hiện một số thay đổi theo quy tắc chung . d. Bỏ dấu hỏi ở cuối câu . * Yes / No question với động từ to be is /am/are + S + C ? S + asked + (O) + If / Whether + S + was / were + C Ex : Are you late ? he said to me He asked me If I was late * Yes / No question với Modal verb ( can , will , could .) M.v + S + Vinf + O ? S + asked + O + If / Whether + S + Mv + Vinf + O Ex : Can you sing a song ? he said to me He asked me If / whether I could sing a song * Yes / No question với động từ thờng ( ordinary verb ) Do / does + S + Vinf + O ? S + asked + O + If / whether + S + Ved / V2 + O Ex : Does she buy a new book ? Lan said to me Lan asked me If / Whether she bought a new book 4. Wh- question. Khi đổi câu hỏi Wh question sang câu gián tiếp ta thực hiện một số bớc sau : a. Giữ lại từ để hỏi sau mệnh đề tờng thuật, đa phần còn lại của câu hỏi về dạng câu khẳng định ( đối với động từ thờng ta bỏ trợ động từ Do / Does ). Hoặc với động từ thờng 5 ta có thể bỏ chủ từ , trợ từ đa động từ chính về dạng động từ nguyên mẫu có to để nối tiếp vào với từ để hỏi c. Thực hiện một số thay đổi theo quy tắc chung . d. Bỏ dấu hỏi ở cuối câu . Wh + be + S + C ? Wh + do /does / Mv + S + Vinf + O ? S + V +(O ) + Wh + S + be + C Wh + S + (Mv ) + V + O Wh + to inf + O Ex : Where is your bike ? he said to me He asked me where my bike was . What do you buy ?he said to me He asked me what I bought to buy Ex Where is your bike ? he say to me He asks me where my bike is . What do you buy ?he say to me He asks me what I buy to buy IV . Một số mẫu câu khác . 1. Mẫu câu với động từ . S + V + to inf + O Ex : She want to buy a new pen S + Mv + Bare inf + O Ex : She can sing a song S + V + Ving + O Ex : She enjoys watching TV ( Sau các động từ sau là động từ thêm ing : enjoy , love, like , hate , mind , suggest , và sau các giới từ ) 2. Câu yêu cầu với Mind Would you mind + Ving + O ? ( yêu cầu ngời khác làm ) Do you mind Would you mid If I + Ved / V2 + O ?(đề nghị mình làm ) Do you mind If I + V1 / Vs/es 3. In order to / so as to + V ( bare inf ) : diễn tả mục đích Ex: He does morning exercises in order to keep fit 4. Mẫu câu với tính từ a. S + be + adj + to inf Ex : Im glad to see you again Một số tính từ chỉ cảm giác ( happy , glad , sad , bored , surprised ) và các tính từ : sure , certain, right, careful, lucky, wrong đợc theo sau bởi một động từ nguyên mẫu có to b. S + be + (that ) + Clause ( S + V ) Ex : Im glad that you can make it 5.- ED and ING Participle (quá khứ phân từ và hiện tại phân từ ) đợc sử dụng nh tính từ dùng để rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ . Ex : The boy is in my class. He is reading a book . ( Ving ) The boy reading a book is in my class. Ex There are many books . They are written in English .( Pp ) There are many books written in English . 6 Ex : The old lamp is five dollars . It was made in China The old lamp made in China is five dollars . 6. Compound adjective.( tÝnh tõ kÐp )Lf 3 _ P 130 Use : to form a compound Adj Form : noun + Verb – ing Ex : fire – making . Ex : It is a contest in which participants have to make fire . It’s a fire making contest . B. Exercises. I Change the following sentences into passive voice. 1. Mr Tuan delivered the speech yesterday . …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Turn off the computer at night …………………………………………………………………………………… 3. I clean the floor everyday. …………………………………………………………………………………… 4. My mother bought this dress this morning. …………………………………………………………………………………… 5. She did this exercise tow days ago. …………………………………………………………………………………… 6. They send him abroad to study chemistry. …………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Nobody has used this room for a long time . …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. Someone has stolen my bike . …………………………………………………………………………………… 9. He has just received a letter from his parents …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 She will buy this house . …………………………………………………………………………………… 11 They are building my house . …………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Lan was making my new dress at this time yesterday . …………………………………………………………………………………… II Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct rense. 1. She ( come ) ………………. to France 2 years ago 2. I ( just send ) ………………. the letter. 3. He ( work )………………. for that company for 5 years 4. I ( graduate )………………. from Hue University last year. 5. Tom (play )………………. football every afternoon 6. I (cook ) ………………. in the kitchen when he came in 7. Mai ( attend ) ………………. a meeting at the moment . 8. I ( help) ………………. Him whenever he needs. III Make complete sentences using the given cues. 1. you / send / letter / yet ? 2. Nile / longest / river / in / world . 3. Hoa / salary / high / than / Tom/s 7 4. He / work / hard / order/ pass / exam . IV . Put the following verbs into the correct form- Ving or To- Inf. 1. She told me how (make )…………… the cake. 2. The man ( stand ) …………… near the door is my brother. 3. Do you mind ( tell) …………… me her address ? 4. My father decided ( go ) …………… abroad 5. Could you please tellme where ( buy ) …………… this book ? 6. It’s difficult (do) …………… this project ? V. Fill in the blank with a suitable word. 1. She was cooking …………… the phone rang. 2. Would you mind …………… I smoked here ? 3. Mary used …………… be a good student. 4. Yesterday was …………… hottest day during this month 5. I sat in the first row so …………… to clearly hear his lecture 6. she asked me when …………… depart . IV. Complete the paragraph with the words from the box than for manufacturers copying part cheaper Many people buy and use copied programs ……… their coputer . This illegal ……… of computer software has become a huge industry because the software is much…………… than the original programs . Illegal solfware can be found on sale in any ….……… of the world, although it is more readily available in Asia ………… in Western countries. Software ….……… have been trying to get goverments to stop this copying or “ pirating ” . V. Choose the correct world in parentheses. 1. I was having dinner ( when / while / as ) my mother was cleaning the floor. 2. We are (delight/ delighting / delighted ) that you pass your final examation . 3. Would you like ( go/ to go / going ) to the cinema tonight ? 4. Thanks ( for / to / at ) inviting me to the festival. 5. Football is (play/ playing / played ) all over the world . 6. Mai asked Hoa ( whether / to / about ) she new Hoi An. VI. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1.Mary ( find ) …… a five – pound note while she ( walk ) …………to school yesterday 2. I ( just finish ) …………… reading War and Peace .It’s a brilliant book. 3. I (not be ) …………… at work tomorrow ,I’m taking the day off. 4. How long …… you (be ) …… a nurse .,Mss Lan ? For 5 years . 5. While Peter (drive ) …….… home late last night he ( run) …….… out off the petrol. 6. She always (get ) …………… up early to study her lessons. VII. Rewrite each sentence, beginging as shown , so that the meaning stays the same. 1. She invites me to the party. I ……………………………………………………………………………… 2. “ Do many tourists visit Phong Nha Cave every year ,Lan ?”Mai asked. Mai asked Lan ………………………………………………………………… 3. I started playing the piano two years ago . I have …………………………………………………………………………… 4. “ I sometimes work on Sundays ” Huong said . Huong said ……………………………………………………………………… 5.They told him to stay home for three days 8 He was ……………………………………………………………………… VII. Use these key words to write meaning sentences . 1. It / not difficult / translate / this sentence/ English ……………………………………………………………………………… 2. You / mind / lend / me / dictionary ? ……………………………………………………………………………… 3. New bicycle /make / Japan / be / expensive . ……………………………………………………………………………… 4. you / see / film / Jurassic Park / yet ? ……………………………………………………………………………… VIII. Complete each sentence with a correct preposition . 1. Can I help you …………. your bag ,Lan ? 2. We are looking forward to seeing you ………….June . 3. Today we went …………. an eight- hour tour 4. When I arrived ……………. school , it began to rain . IX. Read the paragraph and answer the questions. An increasing number of people are now going on holiday to Egypt . Last year , for example , about one and a half million tourists visited Egypt . The population of Egypt is about fifty million and the capital is El Qahira( Cairo ) , a busy city os just under nine million people. Although the climate is hot nad dry and most of the country is desert , the average temperature from Octobor to March is not too high. The most famous sights are the pyramids at Giza. 1. Are there many visitors to Egypt every year ? ……………………………………………………………………………… 2. What is the climate in Egypt like ? ……………………………………………………………………………… 3. What are the famous sights in egypt ? ……………………………………………………………………………… X.Choose the correct word(s) to complete the sentences . 1. Would you mind ( close / to close/ closing ) the window ? 2. The ambulance will be there ( in / at / for ) about 10 munites 3. We collect empty cans and bottles ( in order to / so that / for ) recycling . 4. John is interested ( in /on / at ) the history of Vietnam. 5. The boy ( to read / reading / read ) the book is Ba . 6. She hasn’t finished the letter ………… ( already / just / yet / never ) 7. Lan’s studying hard ……. pass the final exam ( for / in order to so to , as to ) 8. It’s too cold outside . Would you mind……. The window ? ( to close, close , closing , closed ) 9. I am happy ……. all the exam ( passing , pass, passed, to pass ) 10 The teacher … to the principal is my English teacher .( talks . is talking , talking , to talk ) 11. The bike … in Japan is US$ 100( making, made , is making , to make ) 12. We …dinner when the phone rang ( are having, had , have had , were having ) XI . Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms. 1. All the ……………. in the debate had a chance to speak . ( PARTI CIPATE ) 2. He is the only……………. that has not run this race before ( COMPETE) 3. Laszlo Biro ……………. The pen- point pen ( INVENTION ) 9 4. The …………of Christmas tree is indispensable at Christmas (DECORATE ) XII.Make the sentences from the words given. 1. Early this morning / children / decide / go / a run ……………………………………………………………………………… 2. Sydney opera / complete / 1973. ……………………………………………………………………………… 3. The road / join / two villages / be / narrow. ……………………………………………………………………………… XIII. Put the verbs into the correct forms ( in active or passive ) Nylon ( invent ) ………… in early 1930s by an American chemist, Julian Hill. Other scientists ( work ) ……… with his invention and finally on 27 Octorber 1938, nylon (introduce )….………… to the world .It was cheap and strong and immediately ( become ) …………… successful, especial in making old ladies’ stockings. During the Second World War , it (use) …………… to make parachutes and tyres. Today ,nylon ( find ) ……………… in many things : carpets, ropes, seat bells, furniture, computers and event space parts for the human body. It ( play ) …….……… an important part in our lives for over 50 years . Next year, about 2.6 million tons of nylon ( manufacture ) …………… XIV. Rewrite the following sentences , beginning as shown , so that the meaning stays the same . 1. The window which was broken in the storm last night has now been repaired The window ……………………………………………………………………… 2. “ Do many tourists visit My Son every year ” Nam asked Lan Nam asked Lan …………………………………………………………………… 3. The French civil Alexandra Gustarve designed and built Eiffel Tower in 1889 Eiffel Tower …………………………………………………………………… 4 Could you send this letter for me ? Do you mind …………………………………………………………………… 5. We learn English because we want to read English books . In order to …………………………………………………………………… 6. They asked me some difficult questions at the interview . I …………… …………………………………………………………………… 7. Janet’s colleagues gave her a present when she retired . Janet …………………………………………………………………… 8. Nobody told me that George was ill. I wasn’t …………………………………………………………………… 9. How much will they pay you ? How much will you …………………………………………………………… 10 . I think they should offer Tom the job. I think Tom …………………………………………………………………… 11. Has anybody shown you what to do ? Have you …………………………………………………………………… 12. The sister asked : “ Are you hungry , Tom ?” The sister asked ………………………………………………………………… 13. “ how do you go to school ? ” the old woman asked me The old woman asked me ………………………………………………………… 14 This is a machine which is used to wash clothes 10