過労死 – overdo, work, death Một trong những thực trạng đáng lên án ở Nhật Bản. Những cái chết vì làm việc quá sức đã thành điểm đen của Nhật Bản trong vô vàn những thu hút về kinh tế, giáo dục hay những cải tiến về khoa học công nghệ. Đây là bài thuyết trình tụi mình dùng trong môn Japan Culture and Language tại Đại học Kyoto (Kyodai), Nhật Bản.
Karoushi Working yourself to a horrible death Introduction_Eva Thomas Risk Factors_LE thihoa Impact of Karoushi in Japan_Tran Thi Nhu Solutions_Ahmad Farhan Introduction What is karoushi? 過過過 – overdo, work, death What is karoushi? Major medical causes: Other causes: Stroke Heart attack Brain haemorrhage What causes karoushi? Major risk factors: Long working hours Lesser risk factors: Irregular hours Too much stress Night shifts Jobs away from Ignorance Karoushi, which is the main reason? Cultural Factors Psychological Factors The symptoms building-up to karoushi is not without cause Two major causes of stress and long working hours can be credited to both cultural and psychological factors 2.1 Cultural Factors 2.1 Cultural Factors 15% of companies not favorably look upon vacation time and less that 30 percent of workers observe all three holidays; New Year’s holiday, Golden Week and a week rest in summer A study performed around 1994 by the Japan Federation of Employers’ Association, found that With little down time, a work environment based on “desk time” and a culture which endorses it, it is the Japanese who bring upon themselves this culture of long work hours and stress which lead to physical and mental health issues resulting in karoshi, 2.2 Psychological Factors is ach m ms sto se e My y m bo d 7p no t It’s e u ,b ho m ng i o l g w gro nna wa 2.2 Psychological Factors The “salary-man often thinks he too must work hard or else he will feel guilty” (Herbig & Palumbo, 1994) This notion leads to overwork and stress but moreover, psychological side effects where the salary-man feels it is their duty to fit in and perform to expectations This mentality makes it hard for workers to stop, say “no” or confronts their bosses when faced with excessive overtime, or the need to take time off In numerous cases, companies which are built upon traditional This notion originates from the Code of Bushido where the “Japanese believe they are creating conditions for happiness and making a moral person happy by allowing him to work hard” 2.3 Karoushi cases in Japan Based on the Ministry of Labor data, work-related suicides have risen to 45% in past four years (2011 to 2014) among those who were 29 years old and younger – additionally among women, increasing up to 39% Due to the shrinking population in Japan, the labor demand has increased to the highest levels since 1991, with 1.28 jobs per applicant At the same time, based on the Ministry of Labor data, claims for compensation for Karoushi rose to a record of 1,456 cases in March 2015 Number of compensated cases (Karoushi and Karojisatsu) Source: Ministry of Labor http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/ Takahashi, who had joined Dentsu in April last year, regularly worked more than 100 hours of overtime a month, including at weekends, in the firm’s internet advertising division In July 2015, Serizawa killed himself after working 90 hours per week in a company that provided residential building maintenance His father, Kiyoshi Serizawa, said in an interview at their family home: "They said they'd never seen anyone who didn't even own the company work so hard” Every year in Japan, thousands of workers are dying from overwork According to a U.K news agency, Kiyotaka Serizawa was one of them In July 2015, Serizawa killed himself after working 90 hours per week in a company that provided residential building maintenance His father, Kiyoshi Serizawa, said in an interview at their family home: "They said they'd never seen anyone who didn't even own the company work so hard” In 2015, the MHLW classified 189 deaths as Karoshi, which were either from a fatal heart attack or stroke, or a suicide triggered by overwork 3 I m p a c t o f K a r o u s h i Add an image here ual d i v i d n i h c a With e Add an image here Add an i mag e he re Affect directly on the mental health of this person They will always feel stress, depression and easy yelling to other people Lose interest in every entertainment and impact on the way they enjoy their life Can lead themselves use alcohol and drug more than usual which destroy their health quickly age here Add an im Add an image here More remarkable, Karoshi can lead to suicide With their families re here ageehe imag anim Ad Adddan They arrive at company at a.m and leave at midnight, even they just can see their wife and children on the weekends Add an image here Add an image here They don’t have enough time to take care of their children like playing or taking together Increase the responsibility of their wife in the Their relationship is easily broken house They not only have to look after because their job accounts most of children but also manage most things in their their time house Japan’s society re Add an image he re Add an image he re Add an image he No have enough energy to work e ff e c t i v e l y - > l o w p r o d u c t i v i t y Karoushi can impact on the The policy to attract the ge n e r ati o n of w or ke r s T he y international labour force from may desperate to devote to the other countries will be their job a ff e c t e d Solution Efforts by the Government Redoubling efforts to prevent illegal long hours of work Redoubling efforts for mental health and to prevent power harassment Preparation of fulfilling consultation counters for workers - Establishment of consultation counters for working conditions - Establishment of consultation counters for mental health problems, health problems caused by overwork Society Enlightenment on working conditions at universities and high schools, etc Awareness and enlightenment to reduce long hours of work Awareness and enlightenment to prevent health hazards caused by overwork Awareness and enlightenment to prevent and resolve power harassment in the workplace Private sector Training for counseling experts, such as industrial medical doctors Organizing symposiums on promotion of prevention measures for karoshi References Asia Pacific Business & Economics Perspectives, Winter 2016 “Karoshi and Karou-Jisatsu in Japan”_Behrooz Asgari Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University Beppu, Japan Death from overwork: Japan's 'karoshi' culture blamed for young man's heart failure_Tue 18 Oct 2016, The guardian In Japan, working to death is a dire concern, The Washington Post, Aug 2016 by Anna Fifield ... Thomas Risk Factors_LE thihoa Impact of Karoushi in Japan_Tran Thi Nhu Solutions_Ahmad Farhan Introduction What is karoushi? 過過過 – overdo, work, death What is karoushi? Major medical causes: Other... Brain haemorrhage What causes karoushi? Major risk factors: Long working hours Lesser risk factors: Irregular hours Too much stress Night shifts Jobs away from Ignorance Karoushi, which is the main... the Ministry of Labor data, claims for compensation for Karoushi rose to a record of 1,456 cases in March 2015 Number of compensated cases (Karoushi and Karojisatsu) Source: Ministry of Labor http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/