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Idiomatic Expressions: C ụm thành ngữ... lose touch with.[r]

Word study

A. Word formations I Noun formations 1 N = V + suffixes

a tion/ ation(sự…)

Ex: to conserve  conservation To preserve  preservation To prevent  prevention To combine  combination b ment(sự…)

Ex: to develop  development To achieve  achievement To employ  employment To disappoint  disappointment c er(người/vật hành động) Ex: to fertilize  fertilizer

To  doer To teach  teacher To work  worker d or(người/vật hđ) Ex: to act  actor

To instruct  instructor To despite  depositor e ant(người…)

Ex: to apply  applicant To account  accountant To assist  assistant To contest  contestant f ing(việc…, nghề…) Ex: to teach  teaching

To dirty  dirtying To poison  poisoning g age(sự…)

Ex: to drain  drainage

2 N = N + suffixes

a ship

Ex: friend  friendship Scholar  scholarship Neighbour  neighbourship b ism(chủ nghĩa, học thuyết) Ex: capital  capitalism

Hero  heroism Critic  criticism Marx – Marxism

3 N = Adj + suffixes

2 Adj = V + suffixes

a. ive(có tính chất) Ex: act  active

Progress  progressive Abort  abortive

Attract  attractive b. able(có thể)

Ex: accept  acceptable Count  countable Achieve  achievable Agree  agreeable

3 Adj = suffixes + Adj (nghĩa phủ định)

a un (không)

ex: happy  unhappy

fortunate  unfortunate lucky  unlucky

forgettable  unforgettable b in (không)

ex: direct  indirect

convenient  inconvenient dependent  independent formal  informal

c im (không

ex: patient  impatient

possible  impossible mature  immature perfect  imperfect d ir (không

ex: regular  irregular religious  irreligious removable  irremovable rational  irrational e il (không

ex: legal  illegal logical  illogical literate  illiterate

4 Adj = prefixes + adj

a super (quá, siêu)

human  superhuman natural  supernatural sonic  supersonic

a Adj + ity  N

Ex: possible  possibility Able  ability

Responsible  responsibility Special  speciality

Real  reality

National  nationality b Adj + ism  N

Ex: racial  racialism Social  socialism Feudal  feudalism c Adj + ness  N Ex: rich  richness

Happy  happiness Sad  sadness Cold  coldness

4 N = prefixes + N

a super (cao, siêu, giỏi) Ex: man  superman

Market  supermarket Structure  superstructure b Under (ở dưới)

Ex: achievement  underachievement Growth  undergrowth

Clothes  underclothes Pass  underpass Ground  underground c Sur (ở trên, bề ngoài) Ex: face  surface

Name  surname Plus  surplus d Sub (ở dưới, phụ) Ex: way  subway

Continent  subcontinent Committee  subcommittee

5 Borrowing words

Ex: datum(sing)  data(pl) Phenomenon  phenomena Criterion  criteria

*Note: a child  children A man men

A woman  women

A person  people/ persons Compound nouns

II Adjective formations

developed  underdeveloped done  underdone

c over (quá…)

ex: anxious  overanxious confident  overconfident bearing  overbearing joyed  overjoyed d sub (ở dưới)

ex: conscious  subconscious human  subhuman

5 Adj = well/ ill + PP

Ex: well-prepared well-known well-done ill-prepared ill-bred Ill-judge 6 compound Adjs a Adj + Adj

dark-blue red-hot b N + Adj

snow-white knee-deep pitch-dark c N + PP

Man-made Home-made Fur-lined Long-haired Blue-eyed d Adv/Adj + V-ing

Good-looking Bad-looking Ill-smelling Slow-moving Fast-running e Adv + pp

Well-educated Newly-born Ill-founded Ill-bred Well-built

1 Adj = N + suffixes

a ful(đầy)

Ex: harm  harmful Success  successful Hope  hopeful Help  helpful b less(khơng có) Ex: child  childless

Tree  treeless Home  homeless c ly(có vẻ, có tính cách,

hang(giờ,năm )) Ex: man  manly

Brother  brotherly World  worldly Hour  hourly Year  yearly Day  daily d like(giống như) Ex: child  childlike

God  godlike Life  lifelike e y(nhiều, đầy) Ex: rain  rainy

Snow  snowy Dust  dusty Wind  windy Sand  sandy Health  healthy Fog  foggy f ish(theo cách của) Ex: fool  foolish Self  selfish Child  childish g al(thuộc về) Ex; magic  magical

Agriculture  agricultural Industry  industrial Nature  natural h ous

Ex: poison  poisonous Nerve  nervous Danger  dangerous Fame  famous

1 out ( intransitive verbs  transitive verbs): tốt hơn, nhanh hơn, dài hơn

grow  outgrow live  outlive run  outrun weigh  outweigh number  outnumber 2 en (bỏ vào, làm cho, gây ra)

danger  endanger case  encase rich  enrich large  enlarge close  enclose act  enact force  enforce 3 over (quá…)

act  overact take  overtake work  overwork throw  overthrow 4 under (ở dưới)

study  understudy write  underwrite sell  undersell

charge  undercharge go  undergo

5 super (siêu, quá)

charge  supercharge intend  superintend impose  superimpose

IV Adverb formation Adv = Adv + ly

Beautiful  beautifully Careful  carefully Careless  carelessly

* good  well

ill  ill late  late hard  hard fast  fast ………

VERB + NOUN (PHRASE) + PREPOSITION

1 catch sight of 2 give place to 3 give way to

4 keep pace/up with 5 lose sight of

6 make allowance for 7 make fun of

8 make a fuss over/ about 9 make room for

10. make use of

11. lose touch with

12. lose track of

13. put a stop to

14. take account of

15. take care of

16. take notice of

17. pay attention to

18. put an end to

19. set fire to

20. take advantage of

21. take note of

22. take leave of

23. give birth to

24. make a contribution to

25. keep correspondence to

26. show affection for

27. feel pity for/ take (have) pity on

28. feel regret for

29. feel sympathy for

30. make a decision on/ make up one’s mind

31. make complaint about

32. feel shame at

33. have a loot at

34. get victory over

35. play an influence over

36. have faith in

37. take interest in

: bắt gặp : nhường chỗ

: nhượng bộ, chụi thua : sánh kịp, bắt kịp : hút

: chiếu cố đến : chế nhạo

: làm rối tung lên, làm om sòm : dọn chỗ cho

: dung, sử dụng : liên lạc : dấu : làm ngừng lại : để ý đến : chăm sóc : lưu ý : ý đến : kết thúc

: làm cháy, thiêu : lợi dụng

: để ý : từ biệt : sinh : góp phần : lien lạc thư từ : có cảm tình : thương xót : hối tiếc, ân hận : thong cảm : định

: kêu ca phàn nàn : xấu hổ

: nhìn ngắm : chiến thắng : có ảnh hưởng : tin tưởng