Đề cương ôn thi học kì 2 môn tiếng Anh lớp 12 năm 2020 - 2021

* When + S + hiện tại hoàn thành, S + tương lai đơn: để nhấn mạnh hành động 1 xảy ra hoàn toàn trước hành động 2 (vì có liên từ chỉ thời gian thì tương lai hoàn thành được thay thế bằng [r]

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ƠN THI HỌC KÌ MƠN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 12 CĨ ĐÁP ÁN NĂM 2020 - 2021

A Lý thuyết ngữ pháp tiếng Anh 12 học kỳ 2

I/ MODAL VERBS

A MODALS IN ACTIVE 1 COULD/ MAY/ MIGHT

Could/ may/ might (có thể): khả diễn tả mà người nói cảm thấy chưa chắn

- Maybe it will rain tomorrow

Possibly, maybe = perhaps: có lẽ có khả (chỉ dự đốn) Ex: I don't know where Lan is Maybe she is in her room I may go to the beach or stay at home in this summer holidays 2 SHOULD: Được dùng để diễn tả:

- Một lời đề nghị, lời khuyên 3 MUST: Được dùng để diễn tả

- Trách nhiệm bổn phận Must có nghĩa mạnh should Với should ta có lựa chọn làm khơng làm với must khơng có lựa chọn

Ex: - An automobile must have gasoline to run + mustn't ngăn cấm

Ex: You mustn't drive on the left 4 HAVE TO

Have to có nghĩa gần must, khơng mang tính bắt buộc mà thấy cần phải làm Ex: - I need some meat I have to go to the butcher's

5 COULD/ MAY/ MIGHT + HAVE + P.P

Hình thức dùng để khả khứ Ex: It may have rained last night, but I'm not sure

John might have gone to the movies yesterday 6 SHOULD + HAVE +P.P

Hình thức để bổn phận, trách nhiệm cho xảy q khứ, lý không xảy

Ex: John should have gone to the post office this morning (He did not go to the post office) Maria shouldn't have called John last night (she did call him)

7 MUST + HAVE + P.P: suy luận hợp lý khứ. Jane did very well on the exam She must have studied hard

Mary looks very tired She must have stayed up late last night B MODALS IN PASSIVE

In the present: MODAL +BE + P.P

In the past: MODAL + HAVE + BEEN + P.P II/ SO - THEREFORE – BUT – HOWEVER: 1 SO: (chỉ nguyên nhân, hậu quả)

=> "So" không đứng đầu câu (trong văn viết), thường đứng câu trước có dấu phẩy Ex: The rain began to fall, so we went to home

2 THEREFORE: thế

=> "Therefore" đứng đầu câu, sau có dấu phảy

=> "Therefore" đứng câu, trước có dấu chấm phảy, sau có dấu phảy khơng có, có dấu phảy trước sau

* CHÚ Ý: "So" dùng thông dụng văn nói, "therefore" trang trọng hơn, thường dùng văn viết

3 BUT: (chỉ tương phản hoàn tồn)

=> "But" khơng đứng đầu câu (trong văn viết), thường đứng câu trước có dấu phảy Ex: It was midnight, but the restaurant was still open

4 HOWEVER: nhiên (nó thể nhượng bộ, nói trái ngược nhưng khơng đối nghịch hoàn toàn, ý định nhận mạnh phần sau phần trước)

=> "However" đứng đầu câu, sau có dấu phảy

=> "However" đứng câu, trước có dấu chấm phảy, sau có dấu phảy khơng có Ex: Lan is a very good student; however Hung is much better than her

* CHÚ Ý: "But" dùng thơng dụng văn nói, "however" trang trọng hơn, thường dùng văn viết

III/ TRANSITIVE AND IN TRANSITIVE VERBS: NGOẠI ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ NỘI ĐỘNG TỪ

1 TRANSITIVE VERBS: NGOẠI ĐỘNG TỪ

=> Là động từ cần có đối tượng tiếp nhận hành động (tân ngữ) theo sau nghĩa câu đầy đủ

=> Phần thơng tin phía sau động từ trả lời cho câu hỏi: AI, CÁI GÌ

=> ride, find, finish, read, write, meet, kill, help, climb, clean, catch,teach, study, build, buy, sell, cook, paint, take, tell, watch

Ex: He drove the boat very fast

Ex: I met Ba at the bus stop early in the morning 2 - INTRANSITIVE VERBS - NỘI ĐỘNG TỪ.

=> Phần thông tin phía sau động từ trả lời cho câu hỏi: Ở ĐÂU, KHI NÀO, NHƯ THẾ NÀO

=> walk, sleep, grow, arrive, lie, rain, exist, occur, breathe, run,cry, go, fall, happen, sit, stand, swim,

Ex: We walked down town after work yesterday Ex: The baby was crying in the room

IV/ Comparison

So sánh (positive form)

S + BE + AS + Adj + AS + Noun/ Pronoun/ clause Ex: * She is as tall as me

S be adj pr

* My hands were as cold as ice

S + V + AS + Adv + AS + Noun/ Pronoun/ clause Ex: She sings as well as her sister

V adv N

S + V (not)+ as/ so + adj/ adv + as + Noun/ Pronoun/ clause Ex: This flat is not as/ so big as our old one

I couldn't run as/ so fast as him (as he runs) * Notes:

- so sánh cịn thay cấu trúc the same as S + V (not)+ the same + (Noun) as+ Noun/ Pronoun

Ex: Tom is as old as Mary = Tom is the same age as Mary

Tom's salary as much as Mary's = Tom's salary is the same as Mary's - less than = not as/ so as (kém hơn, không bằng)

- Khi nói gấp lần ta dùng cấu trúc: Twice as as; three times as as Ex: Their house is about three times as big as ours

Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago So sánh (comparative form)

Tính từ, trạng từ ngắn (short adj, adv): tính từ, trạng từ có âm tiết tính từ, trạng từ có âm tiết mà kết thúc - er, - ow, - y, - le

S + V (not)+ short adj/adv + er + than + Noun/ Pronoun/ Clause EX: She is taller than me

She runs faster than me

Tính từ, trạng từ dài (long adj, adv): tính từ trạng từ có từ âm tiết trở lên S + V (not)+ more + long adj/adv + than + Noun/ Pronoun/ Clause

Ex: Her watch is more expensive than mine Jane speaks English more fluently than me NOTES:

So sánh nhấn mạnh cách thêm much far trước hình thức so sánh Ngoài a lot, a bit, a little, rather dùng cấp so sánh

EX: Her watch is much/ far more expensive than mine

Trong lối văn thân mật, tân ngữ đại từ nhân xưng (me, you, us, them, her, him, it) thường dùng sau as than

Ex: He is older than me

Trong lối văn trang trọng, đại từ nhân xưng thường dùng (thường với động từ trợ động từ)

Ex: They have more money than we have Jane speaks English more fluently than I

Một số tính từ hai âm tiết có hình thức so sánh (-er/more – est/ most) EX: It's too noisy here Can we go somewhere quieter/ more quiet?

So sánh (superlative form)

S + V (not) the + short adj/ adv + est + Noun Ex: I'm the happiest man in the world

S + V (not) the +most + long adj/ adv + Noun EX: Love is the most important thing

So sánh kép (double comparatives)

So sánh đồng tiến (càng càng): diễn đạt thay đổi (tăng thêm giảm số lượng mức độ) việc

=> THE + ADJ/ ADV + ER + S +V, THE + ADJ/ ADV + ER + S +V Ex: The bigger the room is, the better I feel

=> THE MORE+ ADJ/ ADV + S + V, THE MORE+ ADJ/ ADV + S + V Ex: The more polluted the water is, the more dangerous our lives become => THE MORE +N + S + V, THE MORE +N + S + V

Ex: The more money he gets, the more food he buys => THE MORE + S + V, THE MORE + S + V Ex: The more I think, the more I worry

EX: The more dangerous it is, the more I like it The older I get, the happier I am

So sánh lũy tiến (càng ngày càng): diễn đạt tăng dần giảm dần cách liên tục - er and er more and more dùng để diễn đạt tăng dần

S + V + short adj/ adv + er + and + short adj/ adv + er EX: Betty is younger and younger

He became less and less interested in politics VI/ ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME

Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian mệnh đề phụ, bắt đầu liên từ thời gian như: when, whenever, while, before, after, as soon as, just after, since

1 When: Động từ mệnh đề when chia thì đơn. * When + S + đơn, S + đơn * When + S + đơn, S + tương lai tiếp diễn

Whenever hành động thường xuyên liên tục Ex: Whenever it rains hard, I don't go out

When he opens the door, the dog runs into the house

* When + S + đơn, S + tương lai đơn: hai hành động xảy tương lai (nhưng có liên từ thời gian tương lai đơn đơn)

Ex: When you see him tomorrow, he will give you a note

When you come to my office tomorrow, I will be sitting at my desk

* When + S + hoàn thành, S + tương lai đơn: để nhấn mạnh hành động xảy hoàn toàn trước hành động (vì có liên từ thời gian tương lai hồn thành thay

hoàn thành)

Ex: When I have finished my book, I will lend it to you

* When + S + khứ đơn, S + khú đơn: việc xảy liên tục khứ Ex: When he opened the door, the dog ran into the house

* When + S + khứ đơn, S + khứ tiếp diễn: hành động ngắn, hành động kéo dài khứ

Ex: When he came home yesterday, she was still sleeping

Ex: When I arrived at the station yesterday, the bus had just left

2 While: khi, động từ ở mệnh đề while chia ở thì tiếp diễn. * S + đơn + while + S + tiếp diễn

Ex: He usually reads a newspaper while he is waiting for the bus * While + S + tiếp diễn, S + tương lai đơn

Ex: While we are studying tomorrow, our principal will come to see our class * S + khứ đơn + while + S + khứ tiếp diễn

Ex: Yesterday he read a newspaper while he was waiting for me

* S + khứ đơn, S + khứ hoàn thành + while + S + khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Ex: Yesterday I asked the librarian the book that the professor had recommended while he had been giving the history lesson

3 Before:

* Before + Ving, S + V: chủ từ giống Ex: Before going to bed, I finished my homework

* Before + S + khứ đơn, S + khứ hoàn thành: hành động xảy sau, hành động xảy trước

Ex: Before I went to bed last night, I had finished my homework

* Before + S + đơn, S + đơn: hành động xảy liên tục, thường xuyên

Ex: Before I go to bed, I usually finish my homework

* Before + S + đơn, S + tương lai đơn: tương lai đơn đơn có liên từ before

Ex: Before you come tomorrow, I will finish my work

Before + S + đơn, S + tương lai hoàn thành: nhấn mạnh hành động hoàn thành trước hành động tương lai

4 After, just after:

* After + Ving, S + V: chủ từ câu giống Ex: After finishing my work, the officer went home * After + S + khứ hoàn thành, S + khứ đơn

Ex: After the worker had finished the work, he went home * After + S + đơn, S + tương lai đơn

Ex: After he finishes the work tomorrow, he will go home

* After + S + hoàn thành, S + tương lai đơn: để nhấn mạnh việc xảy hoàn thành trước việc tương lai

Ex: After I have passed the next exam, I will go on holiday 5 As soon as/ Just as/ Just after: sau khi.

* As soon as/ Just as/ Just after + S + khứ hoàn thành + S + khứ đơn As soon as/ Just as/ Just after + S + khứ đơn + S + khứ đơn

Ex: As soon as/ Just as/ Just after he had got/ got home, the bell rang

* As soon as + S + đơn, S + tương lai đơn: có as soon as tương lai đơn => đơn

Ex: As soon as he passes the exam next month, he will go on holiday

* As soon as + S + hoàn thành, S + tương lai đơn: để nhấn mạnh việc hoàn tất trước việc

Ex: As soon as he has finished his study, he will go for his holidays * As soon as + S + đơn, (please) + V1!/ don't + V1!

Ex: As soon as he comes here, please phone me 6 Since:

* S + hoàn thành + since + S + khứ đơn

* S + hoàn thành (tiếp diễn) + since + S + hoàn thành (tiếp diễn): để nhấn mạnh việc tiếp tục đến

Ex: He has been selling the lottery since he has lived/ has been living in this city 7 No sooner than:

Hardly when: vừa

* No sooner + had + S + V3 + than + S + khứ đơn * Hardly + had + S + V3 + when + S + khứ đơn Ex: No sooner had he come home than the telephone rang Hardly had I arrived when it began to rain

B Bài luyện tập ngữ pháp tiếng Anh 12 học kỳ 2

REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES 1.Because I was sleepy, I took a nap SO

2 It was cold, but I didn’t put on my coat HOWEVER

3 The nurse didn’t bring Mr Hill a glass of water even though he asked her times BUT Because of his failure at the exam, Tim didn’t want to meet anyone THEREFORE Red is a bright color, but cat can’t see it EVEN THOUGH

Complete the sentences Use the comparative form of one of the words in the list. big; early; reliable; serious; thin;

1 I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed ……… than usual

2 I’d like to have a _ car The one I’ve got keeps breaking down Unfortunately, her illness was _ than we thought at first

4 You look _ Have you lost weight?

5 I want a flat We don’t have enough space here

1 We stay at the hotel in the town (cheap)

2 Our hotel was than all the others in the town (cheap) The United States is very large but Canada is (large) What’s the river in the world? (long)

5 What is the sport in your country? (popular)

6 Everest is the _ mountain in the world It is than any other mountains (high)

7 We had a great holiday It was one of the holidays we’re ever had (enjoyable)

8 I prefer this chair to the other one It’s (comfortable) What’s the way of getting from here to the station? (quick)

10 Mr and Mrs Brown have got three daughters The is 14 years old (old)

Choose the best option that best completes each sentence: He is not tall as his father

A the B as C than D more

2 John’s grades are _than his sister’s A higher

B more high C more higher D the highest

A most short B shorter C shortest D more short

4 She speaks English as _ as her friend does A good

B well C better D the best

5 Of the three shirts, this one is the _ A prettier

B most prettiest C prettiest D most pretty

Rewrite the following sentences using double comparative. We got close to the fire we felt warm

2 If the knife is sharp, it is easy to cut something with 3.Bill talked very fast I became confused

4 Last year, when I met Mary, she was ugly.Now she has become very beautiful Whe you blow up a ballon, at first it small, the it becomes quite big

Choose the most appropriate preposition to fill in each blank. up; after; on; off; in;

1 I’d like to listen to some music Would you please turn the radio… ? 2.Please try to give… smoking It is not good for your health

4 When I was young, my uncle looked… me because my parents were abroad

5 Before you enter the class, you need to fill… this form so that we can have your personal information

Rewrite the following sentences using the suggested word in the bracket 1.Is it true that you haven’t found a job yet? ( looking)

2 I can just about live on this a mount of money ( get)

3 You mustn’t allow your troubles to depress you, you know ( get) I can’t stand his behavior to me any more (put)

5 This is one of the biggest problems historians have ever faced.( come) All the pupils respect their teacher (look)

7 I’m thinking about my next holiday with pleasure (look) She is always quarreling with her brother ( get)

9 You don’t need to wear your rain coat it is so hot here ( take) ĐÁP ÁN

REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES - I was so sleepy that I took a nap

2 - It was cold, however, I didn't put on my coat

3 - Mr Hill asked the nurse bring him a glass of water times but she didn't bring - Tim failed the exam, therefore, he didn't want to meet anyone

5 - Eventhough red is a bright color, cat can't see it

Complete the sentences Use the comparative form of one of the words in the list. - earlier; - more reliable; - more serious; - thinner; - bigger;

Choose the best option that best completes each sentence: - B; - A; - C; - B; - C;

1 - The closer we got to the fire, the warmer we felt

2 - The sharper the knife is, the easier it is to cut something with - The faster Bill talked, The more confused I became

4 - Mary is more and more beautiful now

5 - The balloon is bigger and bigger when you blow up

Choose the most appropriate preposition to fill in each blank. - on; - up; - off; - after; - in;

Rewrite the following sentences using the suggested word in the bracket - Are you still looking for a job?

2 - I can just get by on this amount of money

3 - You mustn't get depressed by your troubles, you know - I can't put up with his behavior to me any more

5 - This is one of the biggest problems historians have come over - All the pupils look up to their teacher

7 - I am looking forward to my next holiday - She and his brother don't get along

9 - You should take off your rain coat because it is so hot here Mời bạn đọc tham khảo thêm tài liệu Tiếng Anh lớp 12 đây:

Bài tập Tiếng Anh lớp 12 theo Unit: https://vndoc.com/tieng-anh-lop-12

Bài tập Tiếng Anh lớp 12 nâng cao: https://vndoc.com/tieng-anh-pho-thong-lop-12

Anh lớp 12 Unit: https://vndoc.com/tieng-anh-lop-12 o: https://vndoc.com/tieng-anh-pho-thong-lop-12 12: https://vndoc.com/test/mon-tieng-anh-lop-12